-
实例方法:接受self参数,并且与类的特定实例相关。
-
静态方法:使用装饰器 @staticmethod,与特定实例无关,并且是自包含的(不能修改类或实例的属性)。
-
类方法:接受cls参数,并且可以修改类本身。
我们将通过一个虚构的CoffeeShop类来说明它们之间的区别。
class CoffeeShop:
#类有一个属性specialty,默认值设为“espresso”
specialty = 'espresso'
def __init__(self, coffee_price):
self.coffee_price = coffee_price
# instance method 实例方法
def make_coffee(self):
print(f'Making {self.specialty} for ${self.coffee_price}')
# static method 静态方法
@staticmethod
def check_weather():
print('Its sunny')
# class method 类方法
@classmethod
def change_specialty(cls, specialty):
cls.specialty = specialty
print(f'Specialty changed to {specialty}')
coffee_shop = CoffeeShop(5)
coffee_shop.make_coffee()
#=> Making espresso for $5
coffee_shop.check_weather()
#=> Its sunny
coffee_shop.change_specialty('drip coffee')
#=> Specialty changed to drip coffee
coffee_shop.make_coffee()
#=> Making drip coffee for $5
制作不易,点赞鼓励哈
网友评论