原文：
4. It is not surprising that there is a surge in "English-medium" education all over the world. In some regions—such as East Asia and Latin America—the growth is principally among the rich. In others—Africa and South Asia, where former colonies never quite escaped the language's grip—it is happening at all income levels. Parents' desire for their children to master English is spurring the growth of private schooling; parents in the slums of Delhi and Lagos buy English-medium education in the hope that their children will gain a university degree, obtain good jobs and even join a glittering world of global professionals.
5. Where the private sector leads, governments are following. Some countries have long chosen to teach in English as a political expedient, because a local language would prove contentious. But even where public schools teach children in their mother tongue, or a local language, education authorities are switching to English medium, in part to stem the outflow of children into the private sector. That has happened in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan; many Indian states have started large or small English-medium experiments. In Africa most children are supposed to be taught in a local language in the first few years, but often, through parental pressure or a lack of textbooks, it does not happen.
1.(It’s) not surprising/no / little / small wonder that...
No / Little / Small wonder that there is a surge in "English-medium" education all over the world.
Small wonder, then, that pulses quickened on both sides of the Pacific when Donald Trump, as president-elect, questioned the policy.
pulses quicken：形容紧张刺激的场面 There was little to quicken the pulse in his dull routine.
2.surge
突然的、大幅的增加
a surge in inflation 通货膨胀剧增
a surge in smartphone sales智能手机销量剧增
a surge in "English-medium" education
英文授课热潮
热潮：surge，fashion, vogue, fever, craze, trend, fad, sth is all the rage.
🥕fashion是最简单的一个词，潮流
a fashion for English-medium education
🥕vogue和fashion的意思一样，但听上去更正式一些
a vogue for Xiao Guan Tea 小罐茶热潮
🥕fever本义是高烧，引申为热潮、狂热
Soccer fever has been sweeping the nation during the World Cup.
🥕craze和fever类似，表示狂热
a craze for shared bicycles 共享单车热潮
🥕fad常指短暂的潮流，介词用for
a fad for organic food 有机食品热潮
🥕trend本义是趋势，有两种用法
a growing trend in English-medium education
a trend towards English-medium education
🥕Sth is all the rage就是sth is fashionable的意思
PUBG-like games are all the rage among the young.
3.all over the world
across the world
around the world
globally
4.grip
抓住、控制、影响
The government keeps a tight grip on social media.
The country was gripped/plagued by economic problems.
Soccer fever has gripped the nation during the World Cup.
Soccer fever has been sweeping the nation during the World Cup.
A surge in "English-medium" education gripped the whole world.
5.spur
促进(v.)、“刺激(v.)=encourage
Depreciating the yuan would spur China’s exports to the U.S.
Shooting games encourage violent behaviour.
英语善用抽象名词而非动词，这样的句子结构严密紧凑、言简意赅。
The recent slowing of smartphone sales is bad news for the industry.
His winnings of a total of $4,404 put him in 160th place on the money list.
A bite of any of these dishes will lead you to the discovery of a unique texture.
A surge in patriotism since the beginning of the trade battle has led some consumers to favour local brands.
6.In the hope that...
希望...
I came to the island in the hope of finding a simpler way of life.
hoping=in the hope of / that...：
I came to the island hoping to find a simpler way of life.
7.obtain good/well-paid/lucrative jobs
8.glitter
闪光
I wish you would have a glittering career ahead of you.
9.world
领域、圈子:circle, field
the business world 商业圈
the academic world 学术圈
gain a university degree, obtain good jobs and even join a glittering world of global professionals
10.lead
🥕lead the world in...在某方面走在世界前面
China leads the world in 5G technology.
🥕blazed a trail
Where tech companies have blazed a trail, others have followed.
Where Starbucks once blazed a trail, chocolatiers are following.
11.expedient
a quick and effective way of dealing with a problem.
The disease was controlled by the simple expedient of not allowing anyone to leave the city.
12.contentious
causing a lot of argument and disagreement between people
It was also a reminder of how contentious and how unpredictable China’s expanding censorship has become.
13.switch
change
By this logic, Donald Trump should stop using the phone or switch to Huawei instead.
14.In part
partly
in part to stem the outflow of children into the private sector.
15.stem
stop, prevent
stem the tide of illegal immigration 遏制非法移民潮
16.outflow
the outflow of capital资本外流
17.that has happened in / to / at+名词
Being persistent is an entry ticket to success. That has happened to Forrest Gump, who, despite his low IQ, created a wonderful life with his strenuous effort.
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