PXC 集群搭建

作者: 背负代码的宇智波 | 来源:发表于2018-12-20 16:07 被阅读0次

一、安装Percona数据库

1. 离线安装Percona

进入RPM安装文件目录，执行下面的脚本

yum localinstall *.rpm

管理MySQL服务

systemctl start mysqld

systemctl stop mysqld

systemctl restart mysqld

2. 在线安装Percona

使用yum命令安装

yum install http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-3/percona-release-0.1-3.noarch.rpm

yum install Percona-Server-server-57

管理MySQL服务

service mysql start

service mysql stop

service mysql restart

3. 开放防火墙端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload

4. 修改MySQL配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

character_set_server = utf8

bind-address = 0.0.0.0

#跳过DNS解析

skip-name-resolve

service mysql restart

5. 禁止开机启动MySQL

chkconfig mysqld off

6. 初始化MySQL数据库

查看MySQL初始密码

cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep "A temporary password"

修改MySQL密码

mysql_secure_installation

创建远程管理员账户

mysql -u root -p

CREATE USER 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Abc_123456';

GRANT all privileges ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

二、创建PXC集群

1. 删除MariaDB程序包

yum -y remove mari*

2. 开放防火墙端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=4444/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=4567/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=4568/tcp --permanent

3. 关闭SELINUX

vi /etc/selinux/config

把SELINUX属性值设置成disabled

reboot

4. 离线安装PXC

进入RPM文件目录，执行安装命令

yum localinstall *.rpm

修改MySQL配置文件、创建账户等操作

5. 创建PXC集群

停止MySQL服务

修改每个PXC节点的/etc/my.cnf文件（在不同节点上，注意调整文件内容）

server-id=1 #PXC集群中MySQL实例的唯一ID，不能重复，必须是数字

wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so

wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster #PXC集群的名称

wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.99.151,192.168.99.159,192.168.99.215

wsrep_node_name=pxc1 #当前节点的名称

wsrep_node_address=192.168.99.151 #当前节点的IP

wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2 #同步方法（mysqldump、rsync、xtrabackup）

wsrep_sst_auth= admin:Abc_123456 #同步使用的帐户

pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING #同步严厉模式

binlog_format=ROW #基于ROW复制（安全可靠）

default_storage_engine=InnoDB #默认引擎

innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 #主键自增长不锁表

主节点的管理命令（第一个启动的PXC节点）

systemctl start mysql@bootstrap.service

systemctl stop mysql@bootstrap.service

systemctl restart mysql@bootstrap.service

非主节点的管理命令（非第一个启动的PXC节点）

service start mysql

service stop mysql

service restart mysql

查看PXC集群状态信息

show status like 'wsrep_cluster%' ;

* **按照上述配置方法，创建两组PXC集群**

6. PXC节点启动与关闭

* 如果最后关闭的PXC节点是安全退出的，那么下次启动要最先启动这个节点，而且要以主节点启动

* 如果最后关闭的PXC节点不是安全退出的，那么要先修改`/var/lib/mysql/grastate.dat` 文件，把其中的`safe_to_bootstrap`属性值设置为1，再安装主节点启动

三、安装MyCat

1. JDK安装与配置

安装JDK·l

#搜索JDK版本

yum search jdk

#安装JDK1.8开发版

yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64

* 配置环境变量

#查看JDK安装路径

ls -lrt /etc/alternatives/java

vi /etc/profile

#在文件结尾加上JDK路径，例如export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.171-8.b10.el7_5.x86_64/

source /etc/profile

2. 创建数据表

在两组PXC集群中分别创建t_user数据表

CREATE TABLE t_user(

id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,

username VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,

password VARCHAR(2000) NOT NULL,

tel CHAR(11) NOT NULL,

locked TINYINT(1) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,

INDEX idx_username(username) USING BTREE,

UNIQUE INDEX unq_username(username) USING BTREE

);

3. MyCat安装与配置

1. 下载MyCat

http://dl.mycat.io/1.6.5/Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz

2. 上传MyCat压缩包到虚拟机

3. 安装unzip程序包，解压缩MyCat

yum install unzip

unzip MyCAT压缩包名称

4. 开放防火墙8066和9066端口，关闭SELINUX

5. 修改MyCat的bin目录中所有.sh文件的权限

chmod -R 777 ./*.sh

6. MyCat启动与关闭

#cd MyCat的bin目录

./startup_nowrap.sh #启动MyCat

ps -aux #查看系统进程

kill -9 MyCat进程编号

7. 修改server.xml文件，设置MyCat帐户和虚拟逻辑库

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">

<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

<system>

<property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property>

<property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>

<property name="useSqlStat">0</property>

<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property>

<property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property>

<property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property>

<property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>

<property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>

<property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property>

<property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>

<property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>

<property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>

<property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>

<property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>

</system>



<user name="admin" defaultAccount="true">

<property name="password">Abc_123456</property>

<property name="schemas">test</property>

</user>

</mycat:server>

8. 修改schema.xml文件，设置数据库连接和虚拟数据表

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">

<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">



<schema name="test" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">

<table name="t_user" dataNode="dn1,dn2" rule="mod-long" />

</schema>



<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="cluster1" database="test" />

<dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="cluster2" database="test" />



<dataHost name="cluster1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="2"

writeType="1" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"

slaveThreshold="100">

<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>

<writeHost host="W1" url="192.168.99.151:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456">

<readHost host="W1R1" url="192.168.99.159:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456" />

<readHost host="W1R2" url="192.168.99.215:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456" />

</writeHost>

<writeHost host="W2" url="192.168.99.159:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456">

<readHost host="W2R1" url="192.168.99.151:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456" />

<readHost host="W2R2" url="192.168.99.215:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456" />

</writeHost>

</dataHost>

<dataHost name="cluster2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="2"

writeType="1" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"

slaveThreshold="100">

<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>

<writeHost host="W1" url="192.168.99.121:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456">

<readHost host="W1R1" url="192.168.99.122:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456" />

<readHost host="W1R2" url="192.168.99.123:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456" />

</writeHost>

<writeHost host="W2" url="192.168.99.122:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456">

<readHost host="W2R1" url="192.168.99.121:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456" />

<readHost host="W2R2" url="192.168.99.123:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456" />

</writeHost>

</dataHost>

</mycat:schema>

9. 修改rule.xml文件，把mod-long的count值修改成2

<function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">

<property name="count">2</property>

</function>

10. 重启MyCat

11. 向t_user表写入数据，感受数据的切分

USE test;

#第一条记录被切分到第二个分片

INSERT INTO t_user(id,username,password,tel,locked) VALUES(1,"A",HEX(AES_ENCRYPT('123456','HelloWorld')));

#第二条记录被切分到第一个分片

INSERT INTO t_user(id,username,password,tel,locked) VALUES(2,"B",HEX(AES_ENCRYPT('123456','HelloWorld')));

4. 配置父子表

1. 在conf目录下创建`customer-hash-int`文件，内容如下：

101=0

102=0

103=0

104=1

105=1

106=1

2. 在rule.xml文件中加入自定义<function>和<tableRule>

<function name="customer-hash-int"

class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">

<property name="mapFile">customer-hash-int.txt</property>

</function>

<tableRule name="sharding-customer">

<rule>

<columns>sharding_id</columns>

<algorithm>customer-hash-int</algorithm>

</rule>

</tableRule>

3. 修改schema.xml文件，添加父子表定义

<table name="t_customer" dataNode="dn1,dn2" rule="sharding-customer">

<childTable name="t_orders" primaryKey="ID" joinKey="customer_id"

parentKey="id"/>

</table>

4. 在MyCat上执行如下SQL：

USE test;

CREATE TABLE t_customer(

id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,

username VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,

sharding_id INT NOT NULL

);

CREATE TABLE t_orders(

id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,

customer_id INT NOT NULL,

datetime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMSTAMP

);

5. 向t_customer表和t_orders表写入数据，查看字表数据跟随父表切分到同一个分片

5. 创建双机热备的MyCat集群

用两个虚拟机实例，各自部署MyCat

用一个虚拟机实例部署Haproxy

安装Haproxy

yum install -y haproxy

* 编辑配置文件

vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

```

global

log 127.0.0.1 local2

chroot /var/lib/haproxy

pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid

maxconn 4000

user haproxy

group haproxy

daemon

# turn on stats unix socket

stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

defaults

mode http

log global

option httplog

option dontlognull

option http-server-close

option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8

option redispatch

retries 3

timeout http-request 10s

timeout queue 1m

timeout connect 10s

timeout client 1m

timeout server 1m

timeout http-keep-alive 10s

timeout check 10s

maxconn 3000

listen admin_stats

bind 0.0.0.0:4001

mode http

stats uri /dbs

stats realm Global\ statistics

stats auth admin:abc123456

listen proxy-mysql

bind 0.0.0.0:3306

mode tcp

balance roundrobin

option tcplog #日志格式

server mycat_1 192.168.99.131:3306 check port 8066 maxconn 2000

server mycat_2 192.168.99.132:3306 check port 8066 maxconn 2000

option tcpka #使用keepalive检测死链

启动Haproxy

service haproxy start

访问Haproxy监控画面

http://192.168.99.131:4001/dbs

3. 用另外一个虚拟机同样按照上述操作安装Haproxy

4. 在某个Haproxy虚拟机实例上部署Keepalived

开启防火墙的VRRP协议

#开启VRRP

firewall-cmd --direct --permanent --add-rule ipv4 filter INPUT 0 --protocol vrrp -j ACCEPT

#应用设置

firewall-cmd --reload

安装Keepalived

yum install -y keepalived

编辑配置文件

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

```

```

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state MASTER

interface ens33

virtual_router_id 51

priority 100

advert_int 1

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 123456

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.99.133

}

}

启动Keepalived

service keepalived start

ping 192.168.99.133

5. 在另外一个Haproxy虚拟机上，按照上述方法部署Keepalived

6. 使用MySQL客户端连接192.168.99.133，执行增删改查数据

四、Sysbench基准测试

1. 安装Sysbench

在线安装

curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/

repositories/akopytov/sysbench/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

yum -y install sysbench

本地安装

下载压缩文件

https://codeload.github.com/akopytov/sysbench/zip/1.0

安装依赖包

yum install -y automake libtool

yum install -y mysql-devel

执行安装

#cd sysbench

./autogen.sh

./configure

make

make install

sysbench --version

2. 执行测试

准备测试库

sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua --mysql-host=192.168.99.131 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=admin --mysql-password=Abc_123456 --oltp-tables-count=10 --oltp-table-size=100000 prepare

执行测试

sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua --mysql-host=192.168.99.131 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=admin --mysql-password=Abc_123456 --oltp-test-mode=complex --threads=10 --time=300 --report-interval=10 run >> /home/mysysbench.log

清理数据

sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua --mysql-host=192.168.99.131 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=admin --mysql-password=Abc_123456 --oltp-tables-count=10 cleanup

五、tpcc-mysql 压力测试

1. 准备工作

修改my.cnf配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

pxc_strict_mode=DISABLED

修改某个Haproxy的配置文件

server mysql_1 192.168.99.151:3306 check port 3306 weight 1 maxconn 2000

server mysql_2 192.168.99.159:3306 check port 3306 weight 1 maxconn 2000

server mysql_3 192.168.99.215:3306 check port 3306 weight 1 maxconn 2000

重新启动Haproxy

安装依赖程序包

yum install -y gcc

yum install -y mysql-devel

2. 安装tpcc-mysql

下载压缩包

https://codeload.github.com/Percona-Lab/tpcc-mysql/zip/master

执行安装

#cd tpcc的src目录

make

执行`create_table.sql`和`add_fkey_idx.sql`两个文件

执行数据初始化

./tpcc_load -h 192.168.99.131 -d tpcc -u admin -p Abc_123456 -w

执行压力测试

./tpcc_start -h 192.168.99.131 -d tpcc -u admin -p Abc_123456 -w 1 -c 5 -r 300 -l 600 ->tpcc-output-log

六、导入数据

1. 生成1000万条数据

import java.io.FileWriter

import java.io.BufferedWriter

class Test {

def static void main(String[] args) {

var writer=new FileWriter("D:/data.txt")

var buff=new BufferedWriter(writer)

for(i:1..10000000){

buff.write(i+",测试数据\n")

}

buff.close

writer.close

}

}

2. 执行文件切分

上传data.txt文件到linux

执行文件切分

split -l 1000000 -d data.txt

3. 准备数据库

每个PXC分片只开启一个节点

修改PXC节点文件，然后重启PXC服务

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0

innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M

创建t_test数据表

CREATE TABLE t_test(

id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL

);

配置MyCat

<table name="t_test" dataNode="dn1,dn2" rule="mod-long" />

```

```xml

<dataHost name="cluster1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" writeType="1"

dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">

<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>

<writeHost host="W1" url="192.168.99.151:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456"/>

</dataHost>

<dataHost name="cluster2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" writeType="1"

dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">

<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>

<writeHost host="W1" url="192.168.99.121:3306" user="admin"

password="Abc_123456"/>

</dataHost>

4. 执行Java程序，多线程导入数据

import org.eclipse.xtend.lib.annotations.Accessors

import java.io.File

import java.sql.DriverManager

class Task implements Runnable{

@Accessors

File file;

override run() {

var url="jdbc:mysql://192.168.99.131:8066/test"

var username="admin"

var password="Abc_123456"

var con=DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password)

var sql='''

load data local intfile '/home/data/«file.name»' ignore into table t_test

character set 'utf8'

fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '\"'

lines terminated by '\n' (id,name);

'''

var pst=con.prepareStatement(sql);

pst.execute

con.close

LoadData.updateNum();

}

}

import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

import java.sql.DriverManager

import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit

import java.io.File

class LoadData {

var static int num=0;

var static int end=0;

var static pool=new ThreadPoolExecutor(1,5,60,TimeUnit.SECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue(200))

def static void main(String[] args) {

DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver)

var folder=new File("/home/data")

var files=folder.listFiles

end=files.length //线程池结束条件

files.forEach[one|

var task=new Task();

task.file=one;

pool.execute(task)

]

}

synchronized def static updateNum(){

num++;

if(num==end){

pool.shutdown();

println("执行结束")

}

}

}

七、大数据归档

1. 安装TokuDB

安装jemlloc

yum install -y jemalloc

编辑配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

……

[mysqld_safe]

malloc-lib=/usr/lib64/libjemalloc.so.1

……

重启MySQL

开启Linux大页内存

echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

安装TokuDB

yum install -y Percona-Server-tokudb-57.x86_64

ps-admin --enable -uroot -p

service mysql restart

ps-admin --enable -uroot -p

查看安装结果

show engines ;

2. 配置Replication集群

在两个TokuDB数据库上创建用户

CREATE USER 'backup'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Abc_123456' ;

GRANT super, reload, replication slave ON *.* TO 'backup'@'%' ;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;

修改两个TokuDB的配置文件，如下：

[mysqld]

server_id = 101

log_bin = mysql_bin

relay_log = relay_bin

[mysqld]

server_id = 102

log_bin = mysql_bin

relay_log = relay_bin

* 重新启动两个TokuDB节点

* 分别在两个TokuDB上执行下面4句SQL

```mysql

#关闭同步服务

stop slave;

#设置同步的Master节点

change master to master_host="192.168.99.155",master_port=3306,master_user="backup",

master_password="Abc_123456";

#启动同步服务

start slave;

#查看同步状态

show slave status;

#关闭同步服务

stop slave;

#设置同步的Master节点

change master to master_host="192.168.99.102",master_port=3306,master_user="backup",

master_password="Abc_123456";

#启动同步服务

start slave;

#查看同步状态

show slave status;

3. 创建归档表

CREATE TABLE t_purchase (

id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,

purchase_price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,

purchase_num INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

purchase_sum DECIMAL (10,2) NOT NULL,

purchase_buyer INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

purchase_date TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

company_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

goods_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

KEY idx_company_id(company_id),

KEY idx_goods_id(goods_id)

)engine=TokuDB;

4. 配置Haproxy+Keepalived双机热备

在两个节点上安装Haproxy

yum install -y haproxy

修改配置文件

vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

global

log 127.0.0.1 local2

chroot /var/lib/haproxy

pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid

maxconn 4000

user haproxy

group haproxy

daemon

# turn on stats unix socket

stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

defaults

mode http

log global

option httplog

option dontlognull

option http-server-close

option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8

option redispatch

retries 3

timeout http-request 10s

timeout queue 1m

timeout connect 10s

timeout client 1m

timeout server 1m

timeout http-keep-alive 10s

timeout check 10s

maxconn 3000

listen admin_stats

bind 0.0.0.0:4001

mode http

stats uri /dbs

stats realm Global\ statistics

stats auth admin:abc123456

listen proxy-mysql

bind 0.0.0.0:4002

mode tcp

balance roundrobin

option tcplog #日志格式

server backup_1 192.168.99.102:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 2000

server backup_2 192.168.99.155:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 2000

option tcpka #使用keepalive检测死链

重启Haproxy

开启防火墙的VRRP协议

firewall-cmd --direct --permanent --add-rule ipv4 filter INPUT 0 --protocol vrrp -j ACCEPT

firewall-cmd --reload

在两个节点上安装Keepalived

yum install -y keepalived

编辑Keepalived配置文件

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state MASTER

interface ens33

virtual_router_id 51

priority 100

advert_int 1

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 123456

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.99.211

}

}

重启Keepalived

5. 准备归档数据

在两个PXC分片上创建进货表

CREATE TABLE t_purchase (

id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,

purchase_price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,

purchase_num INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

purchase_sum DECIMAL (10,2) NOT NULL,

purchase_buyer INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

purchase_date TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

company_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

goods_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

KEY idx_company_id(company_id),

KEY idx_goods_id(goods_id)

)

* 配置MyCat的schema.xml文件，并重启MyCat

<table name="t_purchase" dataNode="dn1,dn2" rule="mod-long" />

6. 执行数据归档

安装pt-archiver

yum install percona-toolkit

pt-archiver --version

pt-archiver --help

* 执行数据归档

pt-archiver --source h=192.168.99.102,P=8066,u=admin,p=Abc_123456,D=test,t=t_purchase --dest h=192.168.99.102,P=3306,u=admin,p=Abc_123456,D=test,t=t_purchase --no-check-charset --where 'purchase_date<"2018-09"' --progress 5000 --bulk-delete --bulk-insert --limit=10000 --statistics

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