一、定义:表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等表示指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those,such,same等。
二、指示代词的句法功能
1.this,that,these,those在句中作主语(S)、宾语(O)、表语(P)和定语(Att)。
eg. This is what I want.这是我所想要的。(S)
These are my trousers.这些是我的裤子。(S)
We should always keep this in mind.我们应该永远记住这一点。(O)
His worries are those.他的担心就是那些。(P)
We must get to know these tricks of theirs.我们必须了解他们的这些花招。(Att)
2.指示代词this/these,that/those的用法区别。
(1)this和these指近处的人或物;that和those指远处的人或物。
eg. This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.这是一张中国地图,那是一张世界地图。
In those years they led a hard life.那些年,他们过着艰苦的生活。
(2)this/these指下文将提及的人或物,有启下的作用;that/those指上文已提及的人或物,起承上的作用。
eg. I shall tell you about this:he is an honest boy.我要告诉你的这一点是:他是一个诚实的男孩。
I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.我得了感冒,所以没来。
(3)that/those替代前面提过的人或物,以免重复。that仅代指事物,those则可代指人或物。
eg. The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that(=the weather)in Beijing.上海没有北京的天气那么冷。
City people enjoy less space than those who live in the countryside.城里人比那些乡村人的生活空间更小。
3.such的用法。
such指代如前所述的人或物,其具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中作主语(S)、宾语(O)、表语(P)和定语(Att)等。
eg. Such is life.这就是生活。(S)
If you act like a child,you'll be treated as such.如果你这样孩子气,人家就会把你当孩子看待了。(O)
The birds were such as I never saw before.这样的鸟,我从未见过。(P)
Such water is quite clean.这样的水很干净。(Att)
区分so与such:
(1)so为副词,也可用于替代句子或短语。其结构为:①so+adj./adv.;②so+adj.+a/an+n.;③think/believe/hope so;④so+助动词+主语(S);⑤so+much/many/little(少)/few+n.。
eg. She is so beautiful.她是如此美。
He can speak English,so can I.他会说英语,我也会。
(2)such为代词,其结构为:①such+a/an+adj.+n.(=so+adj.+a/an+n.);②such+(a/an)+[U]/[C];③such+adj.+[U]/pl.。
eg. He is such a fool.他这么愚蠢。
I have never seen such beautiful flowers.我从没见过这么漂亮的花。
请记口诀:
名词such,形副so,多多少少就用so。
“多多”:much,many;“少少”:little,few。
4.same用法。
same作为指示代词使用时,其前常加the,也具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中作主语(S)、宾语(O)、表语(P)和定语(Att)。
eg. The same happened to me.我也发生了同样的情况。(S)
My brother went to swim and I did the same.我哥哥去游泳了,我也去了。(O)
His family name and mine are the same.他和我同姓。(P)
The students are doing the same thing.学生们正在做着同样的事。(Att)
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