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linux入门--less,head/tail命令的使用练习

linux入门--less,head/tail命令的使用练习

作者: Seurat_Satija | 来源:发表于2021-01-25 00:40 被阅读0次

    less,head/tail函数是生信技能树[生信爆款入门课程]linux部分Day12的讲到的重要知识点。为加深理解,现在做下练习巩固。

    一、less命令介绍

    image.png

    使用练习

    1.进入家目录 查看文件

    $ cd
    Last10 11:45:28 ~
    $ ls
    1            file     readme.txt  wenjianjia1
    catFile      Music    test1       wenjianjia{1:5}
    Data         mydir    test2
    Data.tar.gz  mydircd  wenjian3
    Last10 11:45:29 ~
    
    

    2.进入Data文件

    $ cd Data/
    Last10 11:47:22 ~/Data
    $ ls
    Data.tar.gz
    example.fa
    example.fq
    example.gtf
    Homo_sapiens.GRCh38.102.chromosome.Y.gff3.gz
    readme.txt
    Last10 11:47:26 ~/Data
    

    3.显示行号

    1 chr1    ENSEMBL UTR     1737    2090    .             1 +       .       gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; trans      1 cript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_c      1 oding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P      1 13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcr      1 ipt_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.      1 1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961      1 ";
          2 chr1    ENSEMBL exon    1737    2090    .             2 +       .       gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; trans      2 cript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_c      2 oding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P      2 13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcr
    

    4.单行显示

    chr1    ENSEMBL UTR     1737    2090    .       +       
    chr1    ENSEMBL exon    1737    2090    .       +       
    chr1    ENSEMBL transcript      1737    4275    .       
    chr1    HAVANA  gene    1737    4275    .       +       
    chr1    HAVANA  exon    1873    1920    .       +       
    chr1    HAVANA  transcript      1873    3533    .       
    chr1    HAVANA  exon    2042    2090    .       +       
    chr1    HAVANA  exon    2476    2560    .       +       
    chr1    ENSEMBL UTR     2476    2584    .       +       
    chr1    ENSEMBL exon    2476    2584    .       +       
    chr1    HAVANA  exon    2838    2915    .       +       
    chr1    HAVANA  exon    3084    3237    .       +       
    chr1    ENSEMBL UTR     3084    4021    .       +       
    chr1    ENSEMBL exon    3084    4275    .       +       
    chr1    HAVANA  exon    3316    3533    .       +       
    chr1    ENSEMBL start_codon     4022    4024    .       
    chr1    ENSEMBL CDS     4022    4249    .       +       
    example.gtf
    

    5.查看压缩文件

    $ cd
    Last10 11:52:28 ~
    $ zless Data.tar.gz
    
    
    image.png

    二、head/tail命令简单介绍

    1.head / tail:查看文件的前/后 n 行,默认10 行

    $ head readme.txt 
    Welcome to Biotrainee() !
    This is your personal account in our Cloud.
    Have a fun with it.
    Please feel free to contact with me( email @163.com )
    (http://www.biotrainee.com/thread-1376-1-1.
    Last10 10:55:51 ~
    
    $ head -2  readme.txt 
    Welcome to Biotrainee() !
    This is your personal account in our Cloud.
    Last10 10:56:17 ~
    
    $ head -3 readme.txt 
    Welcome to Biotrainee() !
    This is your personal account in our Cloud.
    Have a fun with it.
    Last10 10:56:26 ~
    
    $ tail -1 readme.txt 
    (http://www.biotrainee.com/thread-1376-1-1.
    Last10 10:56:36 ~
    
    $ tail -2 readme.txt 
    Please feel free to contact with me( email @163.com )
    (http://www.biotrainee.com/thread-1376-1-1.
    Last10 10:56:44 ~
    

    2.结合管道

    head常结合管道符用于控制输出行数

    $ cat readme.txt | head -1
    Welcome to Biotrainee() !
    
    $ cat -n example.gtf | head -10
         1  chr1    ENSEMBL UTR 1737    2090    .      gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";
         2  chr1    ENSEMBL exon    1737    2090    .      gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";
         3  chr1    ENSEMBL transcript  1737    4275   gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";
         4  chr1    HAVANA  gene    1737    4275    .      gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENSG00000223972"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";
         5  chr1    HAVANA  exon    1873    1920    .      gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000450305"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "unprocessed_pseudogene"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13-001"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961"; havana_transcript "OTTHUMT00000002844"; ont "PGO:0000005";
         6  chr1    HAVANA  transcript  1873    3533   gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000450305"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "unprocessed_pseudogene"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13-001"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961"; havana_transcript "OTTHUMT00000002844"; ont "PGO:0000005";
         7  chr1    HAVANA  exon    2042    2090    .      gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000450305"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "unprocessed_pseudogene"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13-001"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961"; havana_transcript "OTTHUMT00000002844"; ont "PGO:0000005";
         8  chr1    HAVANA  exon    2476    2560    .      gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000450305"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "unprocessed_pseudogene"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13-001"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961"; havana_transcript "OTTHUMT00000002844"; ont "PGO:0000005";
         9  chr1    ENSEMBL UTR 2476    2584    .      gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";
        10  chr1    ENSEMBL exon    2476    2584    .      gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";
    Last10 11:11:25 ~/Data
    

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