从去年年底开始，在工作之外增加了几个日常学习内容：每日英文学习，古诗词诵读和声乐训练。以下是我2018年的每日英文学习计划：
学习目标
通过读英文原著来拓展自己在不同领域的主动词汇量，提高自我表达能力
学习素材（6本电子版英文原著）
13 Things Mentally Strong People Don’t do
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
Rework
The Social Animal
The Shortest History of Europe
A Brief History of Humankind
行动系统
阅读：每天睡前读书，标记书中实用的、值得学习的句子
周日：从书中摘录句子，并确定下周每天的具体学习内容
周一到周五：每天30分钟，专注执行学习任务——以词汇为核心，深入掌握，增加主动词汇量
周六：复习本周学习内容，巩固记忆
目前已经完成了2本书，在这里先汇总一下，从下一本Rework开始会以另一种方式和大家分享：
1. Many people give up because they have a fixed mindset about their abilities. They don’t think that they have any control over their level of talent so they don’t bother improving and trying again after failure.
Bother 拓展：
bother to do/ bother doing something 费心去做某事
Bother someone to do something
I don’t like to bother other people
You don’t need to bother with that.
Have control over something 对xx拥有掌控力
2. Giving up after the first failure can easily become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Each time you quit, you reinforce the idea that failure is bad, which in turn will prevent you from trying again; thus your fear of failure inhibits your ability to learn.
to inhibit somebody from doing something 约束某人不做某事
prohibit 禁止，不准 Smoking is prohibited
self-fulfilling prophecy 自我实现的预言
3. Let me see what I have going on and I’ll get back to you.
4. Developing mental strength isn’t about having to be the best at everything. It also isn’t about earning the most money or achieving the biggest accomplishments. Instead, developing mental strength means knowing that you’ll be okay no matter what happens. Whether you’re facing serious personal problems, a financial crisis, or a family tragedy, You will be best prepared for whatever circumstances you encounter when you are mentally strong.
5. Not only will you be ready to deal with the realities of life, but you will be able to live according to your values no matter what life throws your way. 不管生活如何对待你
6. When you become mentally strong, you will be your best self（最好的自己）, have the courage to do what’s right, and develop a true comfort with who you are and what you are capable of achieving.
7. Acknowledge your flaws and weaknesses. Everyone has flaws and weakness, whether we like to admit them or not.
Flaws 缺点 weakness 弱点
Acknowledge 和 admit 本身有很多不同的意思，当它们在表示“承认，确认”的时候，更容易被混淆，造成我们的费解。Acknowledge 是确认事情的存在或者发生，但我们不一定能看出承认者的态度到底如何。而 admit 往往带有“不情愿地承认”某件事情的存在或发生，尤其是在描述一件不好的事情时。所以当我们听到有人 admit 什么的时候，第一感觉是他出了问题，所以“承认错误或失误”。
8. Recognizing that you have insecurities, problems and unattractive characteristics about yourself can ensure you don’t develop an inflated self-perception.
recognize 承认，意识到
9. These types of accounts fuel our desire to get immediate results from whatever we’re doing.
10. Expecting immediate results can set you up to fail/set you up for failure.
Set you up to fail
Set you up for failure
11. Hold back 阻碍
Developing an improved sense of self-awareness can help you continue to recognize what’s holding you back from reaching your full potential.
Identify beliefs and thoughts that will hold you back.
12. Personality traits
Personality traits are simply: Actions Attitudes Behaviors
13. You are more likely to talk your way out of problem rather than accept the consequences.
You cannot talk yourself out of what you behave yourself into. 这话的意思是,语言改变不了行为给人留下的印象
14. Pay attention to your feelings. Check in with yourself about how you’r feeling both physically and emotionally.
Check in with:to talk with (someone) in order to report or find out new information
I have to go to a meeting now, but I'll check in with you later.
15. Reflect on 反省; 仔细想; 回忆
Spending time alone, whether you choose to mediate or you use some quiet time to simply reflect on your goals, it is the best way to really get to know yourself.
Reflecting on the past enough that you can learn from it.
Spend a little bit of time reflecting on your mistakes.
Reflect on your progress and goals daily.
16. Attributing failure to a lack of ability leads to learned helplessness（习得性无助）. If you think that your failure is caused by a lack of ability - and you think you can’t improve upon that ability- you’re likely to develop a sense of learned helplessness.
attribute to意为“归因于,认为是……的结果
improve upon／on 对…加以改进 to do something in a better way or with better results than before
17. Self-compassion means viewing your failures kindly yet realistically. It means understanding that everyone has shortcomings, including you, and that failure doesn’t decrease your worth as a person.
18. When you take a compassionate approach to your own weakness, you will be more likely to recognized there is room to grow and improve.
take a .. approach to doing sth：采用一个……的方法做某事
Companionship/fellowship/friendship
19. There are always stories floating around about someone who has become an”overnight success”
20. Sometimes, people actively seek out（寻找） the hustle and bustle（熙熙攘攘，忙乱） to prevent themselves from being alone with their thoughts.
21. Write in a journal.Journaling can be a powerful tool in helping you to better understand and learn from your emotions. Writing about experiences and the emotions surrounding those experiences boosts immune systems, decrease stress and improves mental health.
Boost 促进、增加
22. It is starting to gain more mainstream acceptance.
23. Mindfulness is about developing an acute awareness of what is happening within the moment without forming judgment.
24. Don’t miss out on
Don’t miss out on the chance to…
You miss out on the present, You can’t enjoy the present if your mind is constantly stuck in the past.You’ll miss out on experiencing new opportunities and celebrating the joys of today if you’re distracted by things that have already occurred.
25. The only mistake is the one from which we learn nothing.
26. Sharpen your skills
27. Overlook 忽略
You will over look your skills and talents.
Overlook the facts that…
28. Stereotypes
Develop an awareness of your stereotypes. Work on getting to know people instead of automatically judging them based on stereotypes.
29. Diminish someone else’s accomplishments will only breed feelings of resentment.
alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline区别
alleviatev.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和
he painkiller alleviated the pain.
diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。
The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.
reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。
He reduced the amount of money they could spend.
decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。
The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降
decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.
He declined our invitation to dinner.
30. Be on the outlook for 留心观察、留心某事
Be on the lookout for times when you are feeling sorry for yourself.
31. A thousand-mile journey begins with the first step and can only be taken one step at a time.
32. Admission of ignorance is often the first step in our education. admit 往往带有“不情愿地承认”某件事情的存在或发生，尤其是在描述一件不好的事情时。所以当我们听到有人 admit 什么的时候，第一感觉是他出了问题，所以“承认错误或失误”。
33. Stephen Covey found a similar pattern in personal effectiveness: first build upon a strong core of principles that are not open for continuous change; at the same time, be relentless in the quest for improvement and continuous self-renewal.
build on ------把…建立于，以…为基础，寄希望于……
build upon ---- vt. 基于(依赖,把...建立于,以...作基础,把寄托于,指望)
都表示 把...建立于，以.... 做基础 的时候可以互换。
Quest for 寻找；寻求（动词）
His quest for perfection is relentless.
In the quest for 探索；追求（名词）
Man will suffer many disappointments in his quest for truth.
relentless 不懈的,坚韧的, 不屈不挠的
his relentless pursuit of perfection
34. Inside-out is a process - a continuing process of renewal based on the natural laws that govern human growth and progress. It’s an upward spiral of growth that leads to progressively higher forms of responsible independence and effective interdependence.
Inside-out/outside-in
Your sweater is inside-out
Change only happens from the inside out
Real Change is Possible If You're Willing to Start From the Inside Out
Inside-out process
35. Dependent people need others to get what they want. Independent people can get what they want through their own effort. Interdependent people combine their own efforts with the efforts of others to achieve their greatest success.
36. I could think creatively and analytically and organize and express my thoughts in understandable ways.
37. If I were emotionally independent, I would be validated from within. I would be inner directed. My sense of worth would not be a function of being liked or treated well.
Seek validation/feel validated
The validation we seek from others must first come from within ourselves.
Most people allow their egos to seek validation from without. Real confidence is achieved by finding validation from within.
Inner-directed | directed in thought and action by one's own scale of values as opposed to external norms
38. The material is designed to be a companion in the continual process of change and growth.
Constant, continuous, continual
constant指保持一种状态不变
continual指还没有完,有后续情况的;没完没了地,经常用来指不时重复的动作,即认为没有止境
continuous指中间不间断的,只用来表示不停止的动作
39. Too often parents are also trapped in the management paradigm, thinking of control, efficiency, and rules instead of direction, purpose, and family feeling.
40. Success is success with self. It’s not in having things, but in having mastery, having victory over self.
Have mastery over sth 已经掌握
Have victory over sth 战胜
Have mastery over self 掌控自己
Have victory over self 战胜自己
41. A driving force of many people is possessions- not only tangible, material possessions such as fashionable clothes, homes, cars, boats and jewellery, but also in intangible possessions of fame, glory, or social prominence.
Glory 荣誉，荣耀
prominence 卓越，突出，声望
prominent 著名的，突出的，重要的
social prominence 社会地位
42. But pleasure, per se, offers no deep, lasting satisfaction or sense of fulfilment. The pleasure-centered person, too soon bored with each succeeding level of “fun”, constantly cries for more and more. So the next new pleasure has to be bigger and better, more exciting, with a bigger “high”. A person in this state becomes almost entirely narcissistic, interpreting all of life in terms of the pleasure it provides to the self here and now.
43. Too much undisciplined leisure time in which a person continually takes the course (方向）of least resistance gradually waste a life. It ensures that a person’s capacities stay dormant, that talents remain undeveloped, that the mind and spirit become lethargic and that the heart is unfulfilled.
44. Your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will.
45. Goals need to be translated into a specific action plan.
translate each goal to a specific day of the week, either as a priority item or, even better as a specific appointment.
46. Your planning tool should be your servant, never your master. Since it has to work for you, it should be tailored to your style, your needs, your particular ways.
47. Desired results - create a clear, mutual understanding of what needs to be accomplished, focusing on what, not how; results, not methods.
48. No recognition is given to intrinsic value; everyone is extrinsically defined.
49. Be harmonious with our inner most values
50. Their sense of worth comes from being compared, and someone else’s success, to some degree, means their failure.
51. This is one of the greatest insights in the field of human motivation: satisfied needs do not motivate. It’s only the unsatisfied need that motivates. Next to physical survival, the greatest need of a human being is psychological survival - to be understood, to be affirmed, to be validated, to be appreciated.
词汇部分
1. discern
To recognize or know sth, especially sth that is not obvious
2. underlying潜在的，隐含的、深层的
Underlying assumption
Mental and emotional illnesses are really symptoms of an underlying sense of meaninglessness or emptiness.
3. Embrace拥抱，包括，接受，接纳
Embrace new ideas, different opinions，opportunities
Wisdom is your perspective of life, your sense of balance, your understanding of how various parts and principles apply and related to each other. It embraces judgement, discernment, comprehension.
4. Get by
1．pass 通过
I moved aside to let him get by．
A lorry blocked the pathway，so that we couldn't get by．
Please move to the right so he can get by．
2．make ends meet 勉强生存
She gets by on a remarkably small income．
3. escape potentially unpleasant consequences
4. 勉强过活；勉强应付 If you can get by with what you have, you can manage to live or do things in a satisfactory way.
5. Counselor, advisor and consultant 直接的区别
counselor 和 advisor 基本上可以互用。counselor更加职业化，例如学校里给出学生学习或者职业生涯建议的学业顾问。advisor更普遍化，你的朋友给你一些购物的建议，那么他可以叫你的advisor，却不能叫counselor。consultant是指给出专业，高水准建议的顾问，例如顾问医师。它更贴近与中文里“顾问”的含义，因为我们所说的顾问通常都有“专家”的含义。
6. Be subject to
可能受…影响的;易遭受…的 To be subject to something means to be affected by it or to be likely to be affected by it.
受…支配的;服从于…的 If someone is subject to a particular set of rules or laws, they have to obey those rules or laws.
My wants will be subject to my needs and means.
我的欲望受制于我的需求和经济状况。
7. Think over VS. Think through
think over 通常用在口语里,深思熟虑的意思,表动作
造句: I'll have to think it over carefully before I can say yes or not
hink through 在理解的基础上,想得很透彻,比think over要强
造句: Do not count on others to do your thinking, to think through the issues and problems of your life.
8. Be composed of VS. consist of
9. Validate
1. To prove that something is true 证实，确认
2. 批准，认可，证明有价值 to validate a person
3. 是生效，是具有法律效力
valid
有效的 eg. A valid passport, a valid passport
符合逻辑的，有理有据的 the point you make is perfectly valid
10. Incremental 增加的，递增的
Incremental development
Making incremental progress in meditation
It is organized incrementally
11. Suggestions for application
12. consent 同意、许可
No one can hurt you without your consent.
13. obsolete
过时的，淘汰了的
Is obsolete
Becomes obsolete
Types of Technology That Are Becoming Obsole
14. lack的用法
1.lack(for) sth.缺少
2.be lacking (in) sth.缺乏.
3.(a) lack of....方面的短缺
三种用法完全混在一起,
例句：
1.Alex's real promble is that he lacks confidence.
2.He seemed to be lacking in courage
3.Lack of vitamin B can produce a variety of symptoms
15. continuum [kənˈtɪnjuəm]
A continuum is a set of things on a scale, which have a particular characteristic to different degrees.
In a hierarchy or continuum of needs, physical survival and financial security comes first.
16. be basic to
对---是必须的；基于；对…是根本的
Economic security is basic to one’s opportunity to do much in any other dimension.
17. Derive 得到，导出; 源于，来自; （从…中） 提取
Derive pleasure/security.. from
Mr Ying is one of those happy people who derive pleasure from helping others.
Suppose I derive much of my security from employment or from my income or net worth.
18. Wrap up
包裹起来
wrap up in cosy winter clothes
wrap the present in paper
结束
Let's wrap up the job and go home
But it's just about time to wrap up for today
Before we wrap up
Wrap up this meeting
19. is vulnerable to
易受…影响的，脆弱的
20. become insensitive to
Glory 荣誉，荣耀
21. gratification 满意，满足
be gratified
We live in a world where instant gratification is available and encouraged.
22. in retrospect
thinking about a past event or situation, often with a different opinion of from the one you had at the time
The decision seems crazy, in retrospect.
23. narcissistic 自恋的，自我陶醉的
34. leisure time 业余时间，闲暇
35. Expand your perspectives 扩大你的视角
36. prerequisite（to/for/of）前提
Good self-esteem is a prerequisite for a happy life
37. momentum
If a process or movement gains momentum, it keeps developing or happening more quickly and keeps becoming less likely to stop.
is gaining momentum
Lose momentum
Maintain the momentum
38. Center on 以…为中心, 把...当作重点
He is a person who only centers on himself.
By centering our lives on correct principles, we created a solid foundation for development of the four-life support factors.
39. affirmation 肯定，认可
Thanks for your affirmation
40. tremendous 极大的
What one thing could you do that if you did it on a regular basis, would make a tremendous positive difference in your personal life?
41. integrity 正直、有原则的
Have integrity
42. subordinate（to sb/sth）
从属的，次要的
反义词：superior to
Feel superior to sb
Subordinate sb/sth (to sb/sth）
Treat something less important than sb/sth else
You have the will, the integrity, to subordinate your feelings, your impulses, your moods to those values.
43. Impulse
On an impulse 一时冲动
A sudden wish or need to do something, without stopping to think about the results
I resisted the impulse to laugh
I feel the impulse to do something
He tends to act on impulse
Bought it on an impulse
44. Organize and execute around priorities
45. Quadrant 象限
46. Quick fix速效对策，快速解决办法
47. a frame of mind 心境
Mental attitude or outlook/mood
Win/Win is a frame of mind and heart that constantlyseeks mutual benefitin all human interactions.
48. resistance to
most people have a natural resistance to it.
bacteria will develop resistance to them
a resistance to authority
49. defensive
50. Be prone to 易于...的，有…倾向的
Win/Lose people are prone to use position, power, credentials, possessions or personality to get their way.
51. certificate VS credentials
certificate比较官方，而且大多数时候指的是比较正式的，具有法律意义，能被法律认可的证书、证明；credential则是比较普通的，它是泛指那些可以用来证明某人的能力和资格的证明或证件
52. Expectation
against expectation 出乎意料的
below expectations {adv.}低于期望值
beyond (one's) expectation 出乎意料(之外),较预期的更大
meet sb.'s expectations
contrary to (one's) expectation
live up to sb.'s expectations 不辜负某人的期望
53. in comparison with
by comparison 比较起来,用比较方法
by comparison to {prep.}与...相比
by comparison with {prep.}与...相比
in comparison to {prep.}与...相比
in comparison with==>{adj.}比较(同...比较起来,与-比较) {}和...比较起来
54. Repress/Suppress 抑制，镇压
repress feelings
1 to stop yourself from doing something you want to do: (自制自己想做的事情)
2 if someone represses upsetting feelings, memories etc, they do not allow themselves to express or think about them
3 to control a group of people by force (武力控制一群人)
55. at the expense/cost/price of 以…为代价
We can't speed up production at the expense of quality
One person’s success is not achieved at the expense or exclusion of the success of others.
56. Go for sth 选择某事物
you may want to go for Lose/Win in some circumstances
57. constitute = consist of 组成，构成
To be the parts that together form sth
Female workers constitute the majority of the labor force.
58. conviction 信念 a strong opinion or belief
59. consideration for
Show/ have consideration for other people’s feelings
60. Empathy 同理心
the ability to understand other people’s feelings
Empathic = empathetic 移情的，有同理心的
Empathize/ to empathize with (sb/sth)
61. sympathy同情的
the feeling of being sorry for sb, showing that you care…
sympathetic
62. autobiography 自传
63. foundational和fundamental
foundational：基本的，基础的
fundamental：一般指基本原则和原理
64. Outward adj, adv, n
you can handle the more outward vulnerability with peace and strength.
Outward calm cannot hide inward sadness.
65. frame of reference 参照系，观点，理论
66. Probe (into sth）ask questions or try to discover facts about it
we probe - we ask questions from our own frame of reference
67. counsel 建议
give counsel = advise
68. Synergy
to create synergy
there is natural synergy between …
69. dividend
If something pays dividends, it brings advantages at a later date.
The time you invest to deeply understand people you love brings tremendous dividends in open communication.
come up
1. 走近;走到跟前 If someone comes up or comes up to you, they approach you until they are standing close to you.
2. 被提及;被讨论 If something comes up in a conversation or meeting, it is mentioned or discussed.
3. 即将发生;即将到来 If something is coming up, it is about to happen or take place.
4. 突然发生 If something comes up, it happens unexpectedly.
5. 出现空缺;(商品)上市 If a job comes up or if something comes up for sale, it becomes available.
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