本期导读：
新托福阅读题型完全解读之推理题
今天要聊的是新托福阅读中的一道推理题。这类题目要求考生根据原文信息进行合理推测。其中，难点在于确定推理对象与原文信息的关系以便进行正向推理或负向推理。
让我们一起来看看学生们经常错的这道题TPO22 R2 Q1：
1.What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 and 2 about the effect of photography on nineteenth-century painting?
A) Photography did not significantly change the way people looked at reality.
B) Most painters used the images of the camera obscura in preference to those of the daguerreotype.
C) Painters who were concerned with realistic or naturalistic representation were particularly influenced by photography.
D) Artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to.
【Paragraph 1】Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.
【Paragraph 2】Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.
［题目解析］
此题根据题干定位到P1S3: “The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid-and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography- as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to”。这些现实主义和自然主义画家认为摄影术是一门可以为他们所用，从中有所借鉴并且不能被忽视的技术。到第二段中说到针孔照相机“the camera obscura"，它被地貌风景画家“topographical artists”使用，接着提到达盖尔照相法“daguerreotype”，它解决了无法永久保存这些图像的问题。这些都表明这一技术会被运用，并对画家们造成影响。所以选C。
选项A中的photography did not significantly change the way people looked at reality与第一段的“Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of nineteenth century.”矛盾。
选项B中的 “the camera obscura”和 “the daguerreotype”在第二段中提到，但两者之间并未作比较。
选项D中的“Artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to”与第一段第二句中的“though not always in the ways one might have expected”矛盾。
通过这个题目可看出，做这种题型的时候，先应该明确推理对象，再定位原文，理清推理对象与原文信息的关系，据此作出合理推测并选出相应的答案。避免与原文相互矛盾或无中生有的选项。
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