HDFS 的 的 Shell 操作 (开发 重点 )
2.1 基本语法
hadoop fs 具体命令 OR hdfs dfs 具体命令
两个是完全相同的。
2.2 命令 大全
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ bin/hadoop fs
[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
[-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-count [-q] <path> ...]
[-cp [-f] [-p] <src> ... <dst>]
[-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
[-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...]
[-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
[-help [cmd ...]]
[-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]]
[-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
[-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
[-mv <src> ... <dst>]
[-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]
[-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
<acl_spec> <path>]]
[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
[-stat [format] <path> ...]
[-tail [-f] <file>]
[-test -[defsz] <path>]
[-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
2.3 常用命令 实操
2.3.1 准备工作
- 1)启动 Hadoop 集群(方便后续的测试)
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
[sl@hadoop103 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh
- 2)-help:输出这个命令参数
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -help rm
- 3)创建/sanguo 文件夹
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /sanguo
2.3.2 上传
- 1)-moveFromLocal:从本地剪切粘贴到 HDFS
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim shuguo.txt 输入: shuguo
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./shuguo.txt /sanguo
- 2)-copyFromLocal:从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到 HDFS 路径去
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim weiguo.txt 输入: weiguo
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal weiguo.txt /sanguo
- 3)-put:等同于 copyFromLocal,生产环境更习惯用 put
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim wuguo.txt 输入: wuguo
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -put ./wuguo.txt /sanguo
- 4)-appendToFile:追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim liubei.txt 输入: liubei
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt
/sanguo/shuguo.txt
2.3.3 下载
- 1)-copyToLocal:从 HDFS 拷贝到本地
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo.txt ./
- 2)-get:等同于 copyToLocal,生产环境更习惯用 get
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -get /sanguo/shuguo.txt ./shuguo2.txt
2.3.4 HDFS 直接操作
- 1)-ls: 显示目录信息
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -ls /sanguo
- 2)-cat:显示文件内容
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo.txt
- 3)-chgrp、-chmod、-chown:Linux 文件系统中的用法一样,修改文件所属权限
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -chmod 666
/sanguo/shuguo.txt [atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -chown atguigu:atguigu /sanguo/shuguo.txt
- 4)-mkdir:创建路径
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /jinguo
- 5)-cp:从 HDFS 的一个路径拷贝到 HDFS 的另一个路径
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo.txt /jinguo
- 6)-mv:在 HDFS 目录中移动文件
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/wuguo.txt
/jinguo [atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/weiguo.txt /jinguo
- 7)-tail:显示一个文件的末尾 1kb 的数据
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -tail /jinguo/shuguo.txt
- 8)-rm:删除文件或文件夹
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm /sanguo/shuguo.txt
- 9)-rm -r:递归删除目录及目录里面内容
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm -r /sanguo
- 10)-du 统计文件夹的大小信息
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /jinguo 27 81
/jinguo [atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -h /jinguo 14 42 /jinguo/shuguo.txt 7 21 /jinguo/weiguo.txt 6 18 /jinguo/wuguo.tx
说明:27 表示文件大小;81 表示 27*3 个副本;/jinguo 表示查看的目录
- 11)-setrep:设置 HDFS 中文件的副本数量
[sl@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /jinguo/shuguo.txt
这里设置的副本数只是记录在 NameNode 的元数据中,是否真的会有这么多副本,还得看 DataNode 的数量。因为目前只有 3 台设备,最多也就 3 个副本,只有节点数的增加到10台时,副本数才能达到 10。
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