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一行代码干掉 debug 和 print

一行代码干掉 debug 和 print

作者: 查理不是猹 | 来源:发表于2022-01-11 16:58 被阅读0次

    在写算法的时候,总是要每行每个变量一个个的 debug,有时候还要多写几个 print,一道算法题要花好长时间才能理解。pysnooper 模块可以把在运行中变量值都给打印出来。\

    模块安装

    pip3 install pysnooper
    

    简单例子

    下面是道简单的力扣算法题作为一个简单的例子

    import pysnooper
    
    @pysnooper.snoop()
    def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
        res = ''
        for i in zip(*strs):
            print(i)
            if len(set(i)) == 1:
                res += i[0]
            else
                break
        return res
     
    if __name__ == 'main':
        longestCommonPrefix(["flower","flow","flight"])
    

    结果:

    3:38:25.863579 call         4 def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    23:38:25.864474 line         5     res = ''
    New var:....... res = ''
    23:38:25.864474 line         6     for i in zip(*strs):
    New var:....... i = ('f', 'f', 'f')
    23:38:25.865479 line         7         print(i)
    ('f', 'f', 'f')
    23:38:25.866471 line         8         if len(set(i))==1:
    23:38:25.866471 line         9             res+=i[0]
    Modified var:.. res = 'f'
    23:38:25.866471 line         6     for i in zip(*strs):
    Modified var:.. i = ('l', 'l', 'l')
    23:38:25.866471 line         7         print(i)
    ('l', 'l', 'l')
    23:38:25.867468 line         8         if len(set(i))==1:
    23:38:25.867468 line         9             res+=i[0]
    Modified var:.. res = 'fl'
    23:38:25.868476 line         6     for i in zip(*strs):
    Modified var:.. i = ('o', 'o', 'i')
    23:38:25.868476 line         7         print(i)
    ('o', 'o', 'i')
    23:38:25.869463 line         8         if len(set(i))==1:
    23:38:25.869463 line        11             break
    23:38:25.869463 line        12     return res
    23:38:25.869463 return      12     return res
    Return value:.. 'fl'
    Elapsed time: 00:00:00.008201
    

    我们可以看到 pysnooper 把整个执行程序都记录了下来,其中包括行号, 行内容,变量的结果等情况,我们很容易的就看懂了这个算法的真实情况。并且不需要再使用 debug 和 print 调试代码。很是省时省力,只需要在方法上面加一行 @pysnooper.snoop()。

    复杂使用

    pysnooper 包含了多个参数,一起来看看吧

    output

    output 默认输出到控制台,设置后输出到文件,在服务器中运行的时候,特定的时间出现代码问题就很容易定位错误了,不然容易抓瞎。小编在实际中已经被这种问题困扰了好几次,每次都掉好多头发。

    @pysnooper.snoop('D:\pysnooper.log')
    def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    

    示例结果:

    watch 和 watch_explode

    watch 用来设置跟踪的非局部变量,watch_explode 表示设置的变量都不监控,只监控没设置的变量,正好和 watch 相反。

    index = 1
    @pysnooper.snoop(watch=('index'))
    def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    

    示例结果

    没有加 watch 参数

    Starting var:.. strs = ['flower', 'flow', 'flight']
    00:12:33.715367 call         5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    00:12:33.717324 line         7     res = ''
    New var:....... res = ''
    

    加了watch 参数,就会有一个 Starting var:.. index

    Starting var:.. strs = ['flower', 'flow', 'flight']
    Starting var:.. index = 1
    00:10:35.151036 call         5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    00:10:35.151288 line         7     res = ''
    New var:....... res = ''
    

    depth

    depth 监控函数的深度

    @pysnooper.snoop(depth=2)
    def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
        otherMethod()
    

    示例结果

    Starting var:.. strs = ['flower', 'flow', 'flight']
    00:20:54.059803 call         5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    00:20:54.059803 line         6     otherMethod()
        00:20:54.060785 call        16 def otherMethod():        
        00:20:54.060785 line        17     x = 1
        New var:....... x = 1
        00:20:54.060785 line        18     x = x + 1
        Modified var:.. x = 2
        00:20:54.060785 return      18     x = x + 1
        Return value:.. None
    00:20:54.061782 line         7     res = ''
    

    监控的结果显示,当监控到调用的函数的时候,记录上会加上缩进,并将它的局部变量和返回值打印处理。

    prefix

    prefix 输出内容的前缀

    @pysnooper.snoop(prefix='-------------')
    def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    

    示例结果

    -------------Starting var:.. strs = ['flower', 'flow', 'flight']
    -------------00:39:13.986741 call         5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    -------------00:39:13.987218 line         6     res = ''
    

    relative_time

    relative_time 代码运行的时间

    @pysnooper.snoop(relative_time=True)
    def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    

    示例结果

    Starting var:.. strs = ['flower', 'flow', 'flight']
    00:00:00.000000 call         5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    00:00:00.001998 line         6     res = ''
    New var:....... res = ''
    00:00:00.001998 line         7     for i in zip(*strs):
    

    max_variable_length

    max_variable_length 输出的变量和异常的最大长度,默认是 100 个字符,超过 100 个字符就会被截断,可以设置为 max_variable_length=None 不截断输出

    @pysnooper.snoop(max_variable_length=5)
    def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    

    示例结果

    Starting var:.. strs = [...]
    00:56:44.343639 call         5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs):
    00:56:44.344696 line         6     res = ''
    New var:....... res = ''
    00:56:44.344696 line         7     for i in zip(*strs):      
    New var:....... i = (...)
    

    总结

    本文介绍了怎么使用 pysnooper 工具,pysnooper 不仅可以少一些 debug 和 print,更能帮助理解算法题。

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