一、简介
运用 Spring boot 搭建项目简单快捷,但在我们开发中,还有一个问题,是必须且让人感到头疼,那就是前后端代码联调,有时很难断定问题是出在哪个环节,而 Swagger 则解决了这个繁杂的问题,对于前后端开发人员来说,只需要定义好接口传输需要的参数类型与格式,通过Swagger直接调试接口,如果能够返回正确的预期结构,则对于后端开发人员来说,不再需要关注该问题,而对于前端开发人员来说,只需要连接后端提供的Swagger服务器查看接口参数类型格式,以及返回类型是否为自己想要的,而专心的做自己的任务开发,从而在工作中降低了沟通成本,在很大程度上提高了工作效率。
1、Spring boot
Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架,其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置,从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置。通过这种方式,Boot致力于在蓬勃发展的快速应用开发领域
1、特点
- 创建独立的Spring应用程序
- 嵌入的Tomcat,无需部署WAR文件
- 简化Maven配置
- 自动配置Spring
- 提供生产就绪型功能,如指标,健康检查和外部配置
- 绝对没有代码生成和对XML没有要求配置
2、优点
- spring boot 可以支持你快速的开发出restful 风格的微服务架构
- 自动化确实方便,做微服务再合适不过了,单一jar包部署和管理都非常方便。只要系统架构设计合理,大型项目也能用,加上nginx负载均衡,轻松实现横向扩展
- spring boot 要解决的问题, 精简配置是一方面, 另外一方面是方便的让spring生态圈和其他工具链整合(比如redis, email, elasticsearch)
- 一键启动,不需要配置服务器(如:tomcat等)。
2、Swagger
- Swagger 是一款RESTFUL接口的文档在线自动生成+功能测试功能软件。本文简单介绍了在项目中集成swagger的方法和一些常见问题。如果想深入分析项目源码,了解更多内容,见参考资料。
- Swagger 是一个规范和完整的框架,用于生成、描述、调用和可视化 RESTful 风格的 Web 服务。总体目标是使客户端和文件系统作为服务器以同样的速度来更新。文件的方法,参数和模型紧密集成到服务器端的代码,允许API来始终保持同步。Swagger 让部署管理和使用功能强大的API从未如此简单。
二、效果展示
swagger可视化展示三、简单项目搭建
简易项目结构1、项目搭建步骤
1、搭建一个简单的maven项目
2、进行pom文件的配置。
- Spring boot依赖的jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
- swagger 依赖的jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>${swagger2.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>${swagger2.version}</version>
</dependency>
- 测试pom.xml文件(需要的jar包自行添加)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>spring-boot-demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.24</mysql.version>
<swagger2.version>2.7.0</swagger2.version>
<plexus-build-api.version>0.0.7</plexus-build-api.version>
<jackson-module-scala.version>2.9.1</jackson-module-scala.version>
<commons-lang.version>3.1</commons-lang.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>${swagger2.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>${swagger2.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.sonatype.plexus</groupId>
<artifactId>plexus-build-api</artifactId>
<version>${plexus-build-api.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.module/jackson-module-scala -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-module-scala_2.12</artifactId>
<version>${jackson-module-scala.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>${commons-lang.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.3</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3、配置
- application.properties文件配置
数据库连接信息以及端口号等信息
server.port=8080
server.contextPath=/
logging.level.root=INFO
logging.level.org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer=DEBUG
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=yes&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
- swagger相关配置:Swagger2Config.java
package com.example.demo.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.async.DeferredResult;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
@Configuration
public class Swagger2Config {
@Bean
public Docket createRestApi() {
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2) //
.genericModelSubstitutes(DeferredResult.class) //
.useDefaultResponseMessages(false) //
.forCodeGeneration(true) //
.apiInfo(apiInfo()) //
.pathMapping("/")// base,最终调用接口后会和paths拼接在一起
.select() //
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.example.demo.web")) //
.paths(PathSelectors.any()) //
.build(); //
}
private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
return new ApiInfoBuilder() //
.title("springboot利用swagger构建api文档") //
.description("简单优雅的restfun风格") //
.termsOfServiceUrl("https://github.com/springfox/springfox-demos") //
.version("1.0") //
.build();
}
}
- 项目启动类:DemoApplication.java
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
@ImportResource("classpath:apis.xml")
@EnableSwagger2 //Enable swagger 2.0 spec
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String hello(@RequestParam String name) {
return "hello" + name;
}
}
启动Spring boot测试,直接运行DemoApplication 的main方法就可以启动Spring boot
4、Controller编写
因为重在展示swagger效果,所以相应的 Service、Dao的代码不做展示。
- HelloController.java
代码简单明了,就不多做解释了。
package com.example.demo.web;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.example.demo.entity.HelloEntity;
import com.example.demo.service.HelloService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;
@ApiOperation(value = "查询测试", notes = "查询测试1")
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "get-shop", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public List<HelloEntity> getByShop(
@RequestParam(value = "shop", required = false) String shop) {
List<HelloEntity> list = helloService.getByShop(shop);
return list;
}
@ApiOperation(value = "新增数据", notes = "新增数据")
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "save", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String saveNew(@RequestBody HelloEntity entity) throws Exception {
String uuid = helloService.saveNew(entity);
return uuid;
}
}
3、启动项目,展示swagger可视化界面如图
swagger可视化展示 swagger调用 swagger调用结果展示本测试访问地址:http://localhost:8080
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