注：分析参考 MJ底层原理班 内容，本着自己学习原则记录
本文使用的源码为objc4-723
1 +initialize 方法是什么，作用是什么，什么时候调用
+initialize 官方解析，基本内容如下：
- +initialize 方法会在类第一次接收到消息时调用
- 优先调用父类的 initialize 方法
- +initialize的调用是线程安全的，其他线程需要调用 initialize 方法时会被阻塞直到首次initialize调用完成
- 如果子类没有实现 +initialize，则可以多次调用父类的 +initialize 方法
- 如果想保护该类不被多次调用 +initialize，可以参考一下方式构建 +initialize 方法：
+ (void)initialize { if (self == [ClassName self]) { // ... do the initialization ... } } - 因为 +initialize的调用是以阻塞方式确保安全调用，所以需要确保 +initialize 方法不能执行
耗时的或导致死锁的行为 - 每个类+initialize只调用一次。如果要对类和类的类别执行独立初始化，则应实现
load方法（官方解析、分类的load方法）
2 +initialize 调用顺序及代码验证
调用顺序总结：
先调用父类的+initialize，再调用子类的+initialize
(先初始化父类，再初始化子类，每个类只会初始化1次)
下述测试代码基本情况描述：
- 有两个类 Person、Student，Student 是Person的子类，其中它们都有两个分类，分别是 Test1 和 Test2
- 所有的类和分类中的.m文件都实现了 +initialize 方法
2.1 +initialize 的调用方式是通过 objc_msgSend 的方法(即 isa 寻址方式)调用的
- 从优先调用 Person 的分类 Test2 中的+initialize 方法可知，+initialize 的调用方式是通过 objc_msgSend 的方法(即 isa 寻址方式)调用的
- 前面分析 Category 的 runtime时，有说过 runtime启动时会将 Category 中的信息合并到类信息中，而且是通过向前插入的方式并入到相应的方法列表中的，也就是说，当类调用方法时，会有先调用 Category 同名的类方法。
2.2 每个类只会初始化1次(只调用+initialize 方法一次)
- 不管后面给 Person 发送多少次消息，+initialize 方法只会调用一次
2.3 调用子类+initialize之前会先调用父类的
2.4 如果子类没有重写+initialize 方法，那么父类可能被调用多次
-
将 Student 类及其分类 Test1和 Test2中的+initialize 方法注释掉
- 如果不想父类的初始化方法被调用多次，可以参考第1大点的第1小点，采用如下方式保护
+ (void)initialize { if (self == [ClassName self]) { // ... do the initialization ... } } - 其实想想也知道，为啥父类的方法会被调用多次的原因：
- 首先，+initialize 的调用方式是通过 objc_msgSend 方式调用的
- 有因为 Student 继承自 Person，那么就说明子类可以调用父类的类方法
- 所以，当子类Student第一次接收消息 alloc时，系统会让主动调用 Student 的+initialize 方法，当发现 Student 的元类对象没有该方法时，就会通过 super 指针父类的元类对象中查找，发现 Person 中有+initialize 方法，就调用。
3 既然+initialize 是通过 objc_msgSend 的方式内部主动被系统调用的，那 runtime 中的objc_msgSend源码应该是可以找到系统主动调用+initialize 方法的证明才对
3.1 objc_msgSend
- 实际是，runtime 的objc_msgSend 方法是通过汇编写的，半开源，这样很难发现系统主动调用 +initialize 的证据（等能力升级后再分析汇编吧）
- 但是，我们也可以想想，既然 objc_msgSend 内部是主动调用的+initialize 方法的(目前也是根据前面的方式而猜想的)，那它一定会去查找对应的方法不是吗？那就说内部一定有一个逻辑是处理查找+initialize方法才对。回到 objc_msgSend 方法的开头注释描述中发现：有一个可疑地方
IMP objc_msgLookup(id self, SEL _cmd, ...);
3.2 objc_msgLookup
很不巧，它也是汇编实现的
3.3 _class_lookupMethodAndLoadCache3
但是，通过上述方法搜到的这篇文章在 objc_msgSend 的汇编内找到了继续思路_class_lookupMethodAndLoadCache3
-
_class_lookupMethodAndLoadCache3的作用就是：
就是直接调用了_class_lookupMethodAndLoadCache3 来查找方法并缓存到struct objc_class中的cache中，最后再返回IMP类型。可见，就是查找方法，我们知道+initialize 就是一个类方法，调用它时候，就是要通过元类对象找到它的 SEL 嘛。
image.png
3.4 lookUpImpOrForward
/***********************************************************************
* lookUpImpOrForward.
* The standard IMP lookup.
* initialize==NO tries to avoid +initialize (but sometimes fails)
* cache==NO skips optimistic unlocked lookup (but uses cache elsewhere)
* Most callers should use initialize==YES and cache==YES.
* inst is an instance of cls or a subclass thereof, or nil if none is known.
* If cls is an un-initialized metaclass then a non-nil inst is faster.
* May return _objc_msgForward_impcache. IMPs destined for external use
* must be converted to _objc_msgForward or _objc_msgForward_stret.
* If you don't want forwarding at all, use lookUpImpOrNil() instead.
**********************************************************************/
IMP lookUpImpOrForward(Class cls, SEL sel, id inst,
bool initialize, bool cache, bool resolver)
{
IMP imp = nil;
bool triedResolver = NO;
runtimeLock.assertUnlocked();
// Optimistic cache lookup
if (cache) {
imp = cache_getImp(cls, sel);
if (imp) return imp;
}
// runtimeLock is held during isRealized and isInitialized checking
// to prevent races against concurrent realization.
// runtimeLock is held during method search to make
// method-lookup + cache-fill atomic with respect to method addition.
// Otherwise, a category could be added but ignored indefinitely because
// the cache was re-filled with the old value after the cache flush on
// behalf of the category.
runtimeLock.read();
if (!cls->isRealized()) {
// Drop the read-lock and acquire the write-lock.
// realizeClass() checks isRealized() again to prevent
// a race while the lock is down.
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
runtimeLock.write();
realizeClass(cls);
runtimeLock.unlockWrite();
runtimeLock.read();
}
if (initialize && !cls->isInitialized()) {
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
_class_initialize (_class_getNonMetaClass(cls, inst));
runtimeLock.read();
// If sel == initialize, _class_initialize will send +initialize and
// then the messenger will send +initialize again after this
// procedure finishes. Of course, if this is not being called
// from the messenger then it won't happen. 2778172
}
retry:
runtimeLock.assertReading();
// Try this class's cache.
imp = cache_getImp(cls, sel);
if (imp) goto done;
// Try this class's method lists.
{
Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(cls, sel);
if (meth) {
log_and_fill_cache(cls, meth->imp, sel, inst, cls);
imp = meth->imp;
goto done;
}
}
// Try superclass caches and method lists.
{
unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();
for (Class curClass = cls->superclass;
curClass != nil;
curClass = curClass->superclass)
{
// Halt if there is a cycle in the superclass chain.
if (--attempts == 0) {
_objc_fatal("Memory corruption in class list.");
}
// Superclass cache.
imp = cache_getImp(curClass, sel);
if (imp) {
if (imp != (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache) {
// Found the method in a superclass. Cache it in this class.
log_and_fill_cache(cls, imp, sel, inst, curClass);
goto done;
}
else {
// Found a forward:: entry in a superclass.
// Stop searching, but don't cache yet; call method
// resolver for this class first.
break;
}
}
// Superclass method list.
Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(curClass, sel);
if (meth) {
log_and_fill_cache(cls, meth->imp, sel, inst, curClass);
imp = meth->imp;
goto done;
}
}
}
// No implementation found. Try method resolver once.
if (resolver && !triedResolver) {
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
_class_resolveMethod(cls, sel, inst);
runtimeLock.read();
// Don't cache the result; we don't hold the lock so it may have
// changed already. Re-do the search from scratch instead.
triedResolver = YES;
goto retry;
}
// No implementation found, and method resolver didn't help.
// Use forwarding.
imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
cache_fill(cls, sel, imp, inst);
done:
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
return imp;
}
其中一段代码:
- 判断：如果该类 是需要初始化 && 该类还没初始化过
- 那么让调用类的初始化方法
//< 如果该类 是需要初始化 && 该类还没初始化过
if (initialize && !cls->isInitialized()) {
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
//< 那么让调用类的初始化方法
_class_initialize (_class_getNonMetaClass(cls, inst));
runtimeLock.read();
// If sel == initialize, _class_initialize will send +initialize and
// then the messenger will send +initialize again after this
// procedure finishes. Of course, if this is not being called
// from the messenger then it won't happen. 2778172
}
- 证明了类的初始化只会调用一次
if (initialize && !cls->isInitialized())
3.5 class_initialize
初始化类
/***********************************************************************
* class_initialize. Send the '+initialize' message on demand to any
* uninitialized class. Force initialization of superclasses first.
**********************************************************************/
void _class_initialize(Class cls)
{
assert(!cls->isMetaClass());
Class supercls;
bool reallyInitialize = NO;
// Make sure super is done initializing BEFORE beginning to initialize cls.
// See note about deadlock above.
supercls = cls->superclass;
if (supercls && !supercls->isInitialized()) {
_class_initialize(supercls);
}
// Try to atomically set CLS_INITIALIZING.
{
monitor_locker_t lock(classInitLock);
if (!cls->isInitialized() && !cls->isInitializing()) {
cls->setInitializing();
reallyInitialize = YES;
}
}
if (reallyInitialize) {
// We successfully set the CLS_INITIALIZING bit. Initialize the class.
// Record that we're initializing this class so we can message it.
_setThisThreadIsInitializingClass(cls);
if (MultithreadedForkChild) {
// LOL JK we don't really call +initialize methods after fork().
performForkChildInitialize(cls, supercls);
return;
}
// Send the +initialize message.
// Note that +initialize is sent to the superclass (again) if
// this class doesn't implement +initialize. 2157218
if (PrintInitializing) {
_objc_inform("INITIALIZE: thread %p: calling +[%s initialize]",
pthread_self(), cls->nameForLogging());
}
// Exceptions: A +initialize call that throws an exception
// is deemed to be a complete and successful +initialize.
//
// Only __OBJC2__ adds these handlers. !__OBJC2__ has a
// bootstrapping problem of this versus CF's call to
// objc_exception_set_functions().
#if __OBJC2__
@try
#endif
{
callInitialize(cls);
if (PrintInitializing) {
_objc_inform("INITIALIZE: thread %p: finished +[%s initialize]",
pthread_self(), cls->nameForLogging());
}
}
#if __OBJC2__
@catch (...) {
if (PrintInitializing) {
_objc_inform("INITIALIZE: thread %p: +[%s initialize] "
"threw an exception",
pthread_self(), cls->nameForLogging());
}
@throw;
}
@finally
#endif
{
// Done initializing.
lockAndFinishInitializing(cls, supercls);
}
return;
}
else if (cls->isInitializing()) {
// We couldn't set INITIALIZING because INITIALIZING was already set.
// If this thread set it earlier, continue normally.
// If some other thread set it, block until initialize is done.
// It's ok if INITIALIZING changes to INITIALIZED while we're here,
// because we safely check for INITIALIZED inside the lock
// before blocking.
if (_thisThreadIsInitializingClass(cls)) {
return;
} else if (!MultithreadedForkChild) {
waitForInitializeToComplete(cls);
return;
} else {
// We're on the child side of fork(), facing a class that
// was initializing by some other thread when fork() was called.
_setThisThreadIsInitializingClass(cls);
performForkChildInitialize(cls, supercls);
}
}
else if (cls->isInitialized()) {
// Set CLS_INITIALIZING failed because someone else already
// initialized the class. Continue normally.
// NOTE this check must come AFTER the ISINITIALIZING case.
// Otherwise: Another thread is initializing this class. ISINITIALIZED
// is false. Skip this clause. Then the other thread finishes
// initialization and sets INITIALIZING=no and INITIALIZED=yes.
// Skip the ISINITIALIZING clause. Die horribly.
return;
}
else {
// We shouldn't be here.
_objc_fatal("thread-safe class init in objc runtime is buggy!");
}
}
其中，递归初始化父类
// Make sure super is done initializing BEFORE beginning to initialize cls.
// See note about deadlock above.
supercls = cls->superclass;
if (supercls && !supercls->isInitialized()) {
_class_initialize(supercls); //< 递归调用原来的方法，处理父类情况
}
之后就是调用初始化方法了 callinitialize()方法
callInitialize(cls);
- 证明了调用初始化方法前，会先调用父类的方法
递归处理父类逻辑
3.6 callInitialize()
- 这也证明了第2点的2.1小点的观点，+initialize方法确实是系统主动通过 objc_msgSend 方式调用的
4 initialize 方法和 load 方法的区别
+initialize和+load的很大区别是，
- +initialize是通过objc_msgSend进行调用的，所以有以下特点
- 如果子类没有实现+initialize，会调用父类的+initialize（所以父类的+initialize可能会被调用多次）
- 如果分类实现了+initialize，就覆盖类本身的+initialize调用
- load 方法是在mian 函数前系统主动调用的，而 initialize 方法是类第一次接受消息时调用的
- 类与分类的 load 方法是独立调用的，而 initialize 方法则不是(已为第1点的特性)
文／Jacob_LJ（简书作者）
PS:如非特别说明，所有文章均为原创作品，著作权归作者所有，转载需联系作者获得授权，并注明出处，所有打赏均归本人所有！
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