Linux之yum安装MySQL

1. 下载并安装MySQL官方的 Yum Repository

（1）使用下面的命令就直接下载了安装用的Yum Repository，大概25KB的样子，然后就可以直接yum安装了。

[root@yzl yzl /]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

[root@yzl yzl /]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

安装完成后会有如下提示：

Running transaction
  正在安装    : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch                            1/1 
  验证中      : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch                            1/1 
已安装:
  mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10                                            

完毕！

(2)下面就是使用yum安装MySQL了,这步可能会花些时间，安装完成后就会覆盖掉之前的mariadb。

[root@yzl yzl /]# yum -y install mysql-community-server

安装成功后会有如下提示：

已安装:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7                                           
  mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7                                    
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7                                         

作为依赖被安装:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7                                         
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7                                         

替代:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7                                                   

完毕！

2. MySQL数据库设置

（1）首先启动MySQL

[root@yzl yzl  /]# systemctl start  mysqld.service

（2）查看MySQL运行状态，运行状态如图：

[root@yzl yzl  /]# systemctl status mysqld.service

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 五 2018-08-31 11:06:13 CST; 1min 19s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 6765 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 6678 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 6768 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─6768 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid...

8月 31 11:05:51 yzl systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
8月 31 11:06:13 yzl systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

（3）此时MySQL已经开始正常运行，不过要想进入MySQL还得先找出此时root用户的密码，通过如下命令可以在日志文件中找出密码：

[root@yzl yzl  /]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

2018-08-31T03:06:07.947523Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 1!0dT>9qF2rR

初始密码为：1!0dT>9qF2rR
（4）如下命令进入数据库：

[root@yzl yzl]# mysql -uroot -p  
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 

此时不能做任何事情，因为MySQL默认必须修改密码之后才能操作数据库：

（5）修改密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
    
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

我们尝试将密码修改为root，发现报错，原因密码过于简单。刚安装的mysql的密码默认强度是最高的，如果想要设置简单的密码就要修改validate_password_policy的值，

validate_password_policy有以下取值：

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; #设置安全级别
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;#默认密码长度为8，可以设置为其它值，最小4位
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

3.可视化工具的登录授权：(如果授权不成功，请查看防火墙)

操作完成上面的，现在还不能用可视化的客户端进行连接，需要我们进行授权：

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)