美文网首页
java多线程解析之线程池

java多线程解析之线程池

作者: java自力更生 | 来源:发表于2021-12-13 21:02 被阅读0次

    首先分析下为什么需要使用线程池?

    假如不使用线程池,可能会造成线程数量过大,程序崩溃。因为线程也需要占用内存与CPU资源。

    如果是你,会如何设计线程池?

    最简单的,我们会使用一个容器,存放一定数量的线程,超过数量则不创建。那么,我们来看看jdk是怎么处理的。

    线程池构造函数分析

    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                                  int maximumPoolSize,
                                  long keepAliveTime,
                                  TimeUnit unit,
                                  BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                                  ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                                  RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
    

    1.corePoolSize:核心线程数
    2.maximumPoolSize:最大线程数
    3.keepAliveTime和unit:超过核心线程数的线程的空闲存活时间,后面是时间的单位
    4.workQueue:当前线程数达到核心线程数之后,会通过workQueue接受任务进入等待
    5.threadFactory:创建线程的工厂
    6.handler:当workQueue满了并且已经达到最大线程数的拒绝策略

    异步任务进入线程池执行流程

    线程池执行任务核心源码分析

    public void execute(Runnable command) {
            if (command == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            // 获取线程池的状态
            int c = ctl.get();
            // 判断当前线程数是否小于核心线程数
            if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
                // 尝试加入工作任务
                if (addWorker(command, true))
                    return;
                c = ctl.get();
            }
            // 进入等待队列
            if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
                // 双重保证该任务是否需要移除或者加入工作任务
                int recheck = ctl.get();
                if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                    reject(command);
                else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                    addWorker(null, false);
            }
            else if (!addWorker(command, false))
                // 执行拒绝策略
                reject(command);
        }
    

    线程池如何保证核心线程数不销毁

    当线程池执行任务时,会调用getTask获取需要执行的任务,而workQueue.take()就会阻塞住,直到队列中有任务到达。

    private Runnable getTask() {
            boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
    
            for (;;) {
                int c = ctl.get();
                int rs = runStateOf(c);
    
                // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
                if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                    decrementWorkerCount();
                    return null;
                }
    
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
    
                // Are workers subject to culling?
                boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
    
                if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
                    && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                    if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                        return null;
                    continue;
                }
    
                try {
                    Runnable r = timed ?
                        workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                        // 阻塞等待workQueue进入任务
                        workQueue.take();
                    if (r != null)
                        return r;
                    timedOut = true;
                } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
                    timedOut = false;
                }
            }
        }
    

    如何使用线程池

    1.Executors.newFixedThreadPool (创建固定线程池)

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                executorService.submit(() -> {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(3000);
                        System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",当前时间戳:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    结果打印:
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639356608206
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639356611215
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639356614219
    

    构造函数分析:

        public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
            return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                          0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                          new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
        }
    

    线程池的核心线程数和最大线程数都为指定线程数,无线程增长,内部用LinkedBlockingQueue无界阻塞队列接受任务,可能会造成任务一直在阻塞中,无法执行。

    2.Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor (创建单个线程)

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                executorService.submit(() -> {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(3000);
                        System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",当前时间戳:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    结果打印:
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639367551803
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639367554805
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639367557807
    

    构造函数分析:

        public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
            return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
                (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                        0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                        new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
        }
    

    核心线程数和最大线程数都为1,无线程增长。内部使用LinkedBlockingQueue无界阻塞队列接受任务,可能会造成任务一直在阻塞中,无法执行。

    3.Executors.newCachedThreadPool (创建可缓存使用的线程池)

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                executorService.submit(() -> {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(3000);
                        System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + ",当前时间戳:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    

    构造函数分析:

        public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
            return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                          60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                          new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
        }
    

    核心线程数为0,最大线程数为最大整数,存活时间60秒,该线程池可能会一直创建线程,导致内存溢出。

    4.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor (创建单个定时任务线程池)

       public static void main(String[] args) {
            ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
            // 首次0延时执行,之后每三秒执行一次
            executorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
                System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",当前时间戳:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            }, 0, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        }
    结果打印:
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639369721662
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639369724667
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639369727670
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639369730669
    

    构造函数分析

        public static ScheduledExecutorService newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor() {
            return new DelegatedScheduledExecutorService
                (new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1));
        }
    
        public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
            super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
                  new DelayedWorkQueue());
        }
    

    底层通过DelegatedScheduledExecutorService实现,核心线程数为1,最大线程数为最大整数,通过DelayedWorkQueue延时队列实现定时调度功能。

    线程池有哪些拒绝策略

    1.ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy (抛出拒绝异常)

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 3,
                    10, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2),
                    new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                executorService.submit(() -> {
                    System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",当前时间戳:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                });
            }
        }
    结果打印:
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639399896121
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639399896121
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639399896121
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-3,当前时间戳:1639399896121
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-2,当前时间戳:1639399896121
    Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: Task java.util.concurrent.FutureTask@58372a00 rejected from java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@4dd8dc3[Running, pool size = 3, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 2, completed tasks = 0]
    

    当达到最大线程数并且队列满了之后,就会调用拒绝策略,抛出异常,符合预期。

    2.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy(使用调用者线程执行)

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 3,
                    10, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2),
                    new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                executorService.submit(() -> {
                    System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",当前时间戳:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                });
            }
        }
    结果打印:
    当前线程:main,当前时间戳:1639400060907
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-3,当前时间戳:1639400060907
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639400060907
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-2,当前时间戳:1639400060907
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-3,当前时间戳:1639400060908
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639400060908
    当前线程:main,当前时间戳:1639400060907
    当前线程:pool-1-thread-2,当前时间戳:1639400060908
    

    当达到最大线程数并且队列满了之后,就会使用调用者线程main执行。

    3.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy (直接丢弃任务)

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 3,
                    10, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2),
                    new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                int no = i;
                executorService.submit(() -> {
                    System.out.println("当前循环:" + no + "当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",当前时间戳:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                });
            }
        }
    结果打印:
    当前循环:0当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639400376316
    当前循环:3当前线程:pool-1-thread-2,当前时间戳:1639400376316
    当前循环:4当前线程:pool-1-thread-3,当前时间戳:1639400376316
    当前循环:2当前线程:pool-1-thread-2,当前时间戳:1639400376316
    当前循环:1当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639400376316
    

    当达到最大线程数并且队列满了之后,直接丢弃之后的任务,靠前的任务能保证执行。

    4.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy (丢弃最早的任务)

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 3,
                    10, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2),
                    new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                int no = i;
                executorService.submit(() -> {
                    System.out.println("当前循环:" + no + "当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",当前时间戳:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                });
            }
        }
    结果打印:
    当前循环:0当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639400217828
    当前循环:3当前线程:pool-1-thread-2,当前时间戳:1639400217828
    当前循环:4当前线程:pool-1-thread-3,当前时间戳:1639400217828
    当前循环:7当前线程:pool-1-thread-2,当前时间戳:1639400217828
    当前循环:6当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639400217828
    

    当达到最大线程数并且队列满了之后,直接丢弃最早的任务,靠后的任务能保证执行。

    5.自定义拒绝策略

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 3,
                    10, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2),
                    (r, executor) -> {
                        System.out.println("执行自定义拒绝策略");
                    });
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                int no = i;
                executorService.submit(() -> {
                    System.out.println("当前循环:" + no + "当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",当前时间戳:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                });
            }
        }
    结果打印:
    执行自定义拒绝策略
    执行自定义拒绝策略
    执行自定义拒绝策略
    当前循环:0当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639400497694
    当前循环:4当前线程:pool-1-thread-3,当前时间戳:1639400497694
    当前循环:3当前线程:pool-1-thread-2,当前时间戳:1639400497694
    当前循环:1当前线程:pool-1-thread-1,当前时间戳:1639400497695
    当前循环:2当前线程:pool-1-thread-3,当前时间戳:1639400497695
    

    相关文章

      网友评论

          本文标题:java多线程解析之线程池

          本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/pccjfrtx.html