linux驱动:[1]LED驱动/dev/led
LED Linux驱动程序
测试平台: Xunlong Orange Pi Zero
代码一览(解析见下方)
驱动程序以及Makefile如下:
- sun8i_opizero_led.c:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
static struct class *sun8i_opizero_led_class;
//STATUS-LED:PA17
#define PIO_BASE 0x1C20800
volatile unsigned long *pacfg[4] = {NULL};
volatile unsigned long *padat = NULL;
static int sun8i_opizero_led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//configure pa17 to output mode
*pacfg[2] &= ~(3 << 5);
return 0;
}
static ssize_t sun8i_opizero_led_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
int val;
copy_from_user(&val, buf, count);
if (val == 1)
*padat |= (1 << 17);
else
*padat &= ~(1 << 17);
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations sun8i_opizero_led_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = sun8i_opizero_led_open,
.write = sun8i_opizero_led_write,
};
int major;
int sun8i_opizero_led_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0, "led", &sun8i_opizero_led_fops);
sun8i_opizero_led_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "led");
device_create(sun8i_opizero_led_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "led");
pacfg[0] = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(PIO_BASE, 0x20);
pacfg[1] = pacfg[0] + 1;
pacfg[2] = pacfg[1] + 1;
pacfg[3] = pacfg[2] + 1;
padat = pacfg[3] + 1;
return 0;
}
static void sun8i_opizero_led_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "led");
device_destroy(sun8i_opizero_led_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(sun8i_opizero_led_class);
iounmap(pacfg[0]);
}
module_init(sun8i_opizero_led_init);
module_exit(sun8i_opizero_led_exit);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("LED driver for Xunlong Orange Pi Zero");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Techping Chan <techping.chan@gmail.com>");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_ALIAS("platform:orange-pi-zero-led");
- Makefile:
obj-m := sun8i_opizero_led.o #编译进模块
KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/3.4.113-sun8i/build #此处为linux内核库目录
PWD := $(shell pwd) #获取当前目录
OUTPUT := $(obj-m) $(obj-m:.o=.ko) $(obj-m:.o=.mod.o) $(obj-m:.o=.mod.c) modules.order Module.symvers
modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
rm -rf $(OUTPUT)
在shell中使用以下命令装载驱动程序:
$ make
$ insmod sun8i_opizero_led.ko
使用linux c进行测试:
- led_test.c:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd, val = 1;
fd = open("/dev/led", O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0)
printf("can't open led device");
if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage:\n");
printf("%s <on|off>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
if (strcmp(argv[1], "on") == 0)
val = 1;
else
val = 0;
write(fd, &val, 4);
return 0;
}
进行编译、测试:
$ gcc -o led_test led_test.c
$ ./led_test on
$ ./led_test off
没问题,成功操作LED!
代码解析:
写Linux驱动程序的步骤无非是:
-
驱动框架
-
硬件操作
- 看原理图
- 看数据手册
- 编写代码
这里编写的程序和单片机程序的区别就是:
单片机一般不具备MMU(内存管理单元),使用的是物理地址,而现在的SoC一般都带有MMU,使用虚拟地址。这时候我们就需要用Linux C库提供的 ioremap 函数去将物理地址映射为虚拟地址。
led_schematic通过查看原理图,我们得知LED(STATUS-LED)接在PA17处。
pio_datasheet_0Port Controller Register 的物理基地址为0x01C20800,在 sun8i_opizero_led.c 中使用:
pacfg[0] = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(PIO_BASE, 0x20);
把PA_CFG0、PA_CFG1、......PA_PUL1这0x20字节物理地址映射到pacfg[0]~(paccfg[0] + 8)。
之后的操作也是就跟操作单片机一样的位操作了。
pio_datasheet_1static int sun8i_opizero_led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//configure pa17 to output
*pacfg[2] &= ~(3 << 5);
return 0;
}
pio_datasheet_2
if (val == 1)
*padat |= (1 << 17);
else
*padat &= ~(1 << 17);
对硬件操作封装成固定的驱动程序框架格式,经过编译之后就可以注册到内核以待使用了。
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网友评论
```
*padat |= (1 << 17);
```
的操作会出现segmentation fault的内核错误,需要使用ioread32和iowrite32来规避。不过遵照楼主的详细步骤完成了绝大部分的驱动开发,多谢楼主~
```
Therefore, a driver must ensure that no caching is performed and no read or write reordering takes place when accessing registers.
```
http://www.makelinux.net/ldd3/chp-9-sect-1#chp-9-sect-1.1