参考文献主要是: Tn5 transposase and tagmentation procedures for massively scaled sequencing projects
https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.177881.114
标准的依赖Tn5的NGS试剂盒的很多试剂配方都是保密的,这样就很大程度上限制了应用的范围和大型project的实现。
作者提供了一种高效的Tn5生产及建库方案,简化部分步骤并对条件进行优化,使用简单的试剂实现了快速的有效的文库构建且可以应用到低至皮克级(这里作者巧妙使用了molecular crowding agents)的起始cDNA上(以scRNA-seq文库为例)
从头纯化的Tn5是未组装的,因此可以anneal我们想要的adaptor,从而扩大在单细胞领域、亚硫酸盐测序等的应用,而不是像很多试剂盒里都是组装好的Tn5(应用平台受限制)。
Tn5纯化
因为作者使用的纯化策略是含intein的Tn5,所以不同洗脱液有的是含intein的(Mxe-Tn5)有的则是intein被洗脱液成分切掉的
Production and purification of tagmentation-ready Tn5.jpgDevelopment of efficient tagmentation reactions
改变片段化反应的buffer:原来是Tris,但是它会随着温度的升高降低pH,不稳定
The initial Epicentre kit (for Illumina sequencing) used a Tris-based buffer with a pH of 8.0 at 25°C. Although sufficient for tagmentation, its pH will decrease at increased temperatures
作者用的新buffer叫做TAPS:
we instead chose a TAPS-based buffer with a stable pH of 8.5 in the range 25°C–55°C. The magnesium chloride concentration in the TAPS buffer (5 mM final concentration) was important, as higher concentrations gave progressively lower yields after enrichment PCR
同时,把转座反应体系由50ul降低到了20ul,转座后DNA的纯化也由原来的柱回收改成了直接用SDS和ddH2O
把Tn5从DNA上剥离下来。在在同一个管中实现tagmentation和PCR,不仅步骤简便,而且通量也提高了
因为PCR的聚合酶未知,所以作者测试了他们自己的酶的效果:
Finally, we substituted the undisclosed DNA polymerase used in the final enrichment PCR with the GC-tolerant KAPA HiFi DNA polymerase (KAPA Biosystems).
SDS用来stripping,有趣的是,PCR反应中72℃的gap filling其实足够将Tn5灭活了:
Interestingly, comparable results were obtained with the Nextera kit when adding water after tagmentation and proceeding directly with the PCR, indicating that the subsequent incubation at 72°C (gap filling) probably suffices to release the transposase from the DNA.
最优的stripping buffer中SDS浓度为2%
Efficient and robust tagmentation.jpgValidation of tagmentation reactions and Tn5 in single-cell RNA-seq
5ng的起始cDNA对in-house Tn5和commercial Tn5的建库效果进行测试,指标包括:
aligning frequencies to the genome and transcriptome, mismatch frequencies, and sequence bias for tagmentation
基因检出率,可重复性,准确性
Comparable single-cell gene expression profiles.jpgFlexible tagmentation on low starting cDNA amounts
1ng以上的cDNA建库可以就用作者的TAPS buffer:
When starting from 1 ng cDNA or higher, we obtained good quality libraries using a tagmentation buffer containing TAPS, magnesium chloride, and dimethylformamide (DMF).
但到pg级别的起始量,就需要用到molecular crowding agents:
In particular, it was necessary to replace DMF with a crowding agent such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)
其中,对于不同起始量的极少的cDNA,PEG的浓度和分子量都需要进行测试。PEG分子量越高,文库的产出量一般也高,说明PEG的确可以通过包裹水分子,使得Tn5的反应体系进一步减小,提高了反应效率
procedure.jpg其他
IPTG浓度:0.25mM
裂解前菌体量:A600 3.0
超声裂解buffer组成:80 mL HEGX (20 mM HEPES-KOH at pH 7.2, 0.8 M NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 0.2% Triton X-100)
裂解后离心获得的上清去除核酸背景:To the supernatant, 2.1 mL 10% neutralized PEI
The introduction of the PEI precipitation step effectively reduced the fraction of Escherichia coli reads in our libraries.
Assays of transposase activity
注意assembled-Tn5的浓度不是固定的,关键是Tn5在固定体系里的量是多少,可以测试不同浓度不同量的Tn5检测切割效果
Tn5 reactions were assembled by mixing 14 mLH2O, 4 mL53 TAPS-MgCl2-PEG 8000 or 53TAPS-DMF, 1 mL target DNA at 50 ng/mL, 1 mL of the Tn5, preassembled with A/B-MEDS oligonucleotides at 12.5 mM.
转座反应温度是55℃
For libraryproduction, the reactionswere incubated for7min at 55°C,and then 5 mL 0.2%SDS (final 0.02%) was added and Tn5 was inactivated for 7 min at room temperature or 55°C.
Tn5其他应用
Tn5专题
应用Tn5开发的基础是理解一些底层的机理,以及从具体应用里借鉴一些思想。我另外参考了几篇文章:
High-throughput chromatin accessibility profiling at single-cell resolution
Tn5 as a model for understanding DNA transposition
Massively parallel digital transcriptional profiling of single cells
Tn5 transposase and tagmentation procedures for massively scaled sequencing projects
Tn5 wikipedia 以及CUT-Tag
Structure/function insights into Tn5transposition
Insertion site preference of Mu, Tn5, and Tn7 transposons
思考转座酶可能的其他应用?
LIANTI
http://www.bioon.com.cn/sub/showarticle.asp?newsid=72268
imgLIANTI,全称为Linear Amplification via Transposon Insertion,即通过转座子的线性放大,是一项经过改良的单细胞全基因组扩增(whole-genome amplification,WGA)方法。 LIANTI法首先利用Tn5转座子结合LIANTI序列,形成Tn5转座复合体(含T7启动子),之后该复合体随机插入单细胞基因组DNA,经转座后,将DNA随机片段化并连接T7启动子。随后T7启动子行使体外转录功能,用转录获得大量线性扩增的转录本,转录本再经过逆转录之后得到大量的扩增产物,随后进行正常的建库测序操作。整个过程仅进行线性扩增,没有进行指数扩增,大大增强了扩增稳定性,降低PCR干扰,此外,该技术将该放法将测量拷贝数的空间分辨率提高了3个数量级(能在千碱基分辨率进行微CNV检测,基因组覆盖率可达到97%),助力更有效、更精准地检测出更多遗传疾病。
伊成器课题组聚焦新冠病毒共感染病原体的检测与研究(基于转座酶的TRACE)
另外转座酶还可以应用于构建稳转细胞株,比如:
piggyBac系统
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