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Java集合中级——AbstractList源码解析

Java集合中级——AbstractList源码解析

作者: Java弟中弟 | 来源:发表于2021-12-09 13:09 被阅读0次

    AbstractList

    AbstractList是什么?

    AbstractList是AbstractCollection和List的抽象子类,为一些通用的方法提供实现,并为所有List结构提供统一父类

    继承结构

    public abstract class AbstractList<E> extends AbstractCollection<E> implements List<E> {
    }
    

    构造函数

    protected AbstractList() {
    }
    

    操作集合元素

    添加元素

    • add(int index, E element)抛出异常避免向AbstractList添加元素,其应由子类实现
    • add(E e)默认添加在尾部
    • addAll在指定位置添加传入的集合
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
    public boolean add(E e) {
        add(size(), e);
        return true;
    }
    public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);
        boolean modified = false;
        for (E e : c) {
            add(index++, e);
            modified = true;
        }
        return modified;
    }
    private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size())
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
    }
    private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) {
        return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size();
    }
    

    获取元素

    get()方法通过索引获取值

    abstract public E get(int index);
    

    设置元素

    set()抛出异常避免向AbstractList设置元素

    public E set(int index, E element) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
    

    删除元素

    remove()抛出异常避免从AbstractList删除元素

    public E remove(int index) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
    

    clear()方法边迭代边删除

    public void clear() {
        removeRange(0, size());
    }
    protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        ListIterator<E> it = listIterator(fromIndex);
        for (int i=0, n=toIndex-fromIndex; i<n; i++) {
            it.next();
            it.remove();
        }
    }
    

    获取下标

    indexOf()从前往后遍历查找,lastIndexOf()从后往前遍历查找(可找null)

    public int indexOf(Object o) {
        ListIterator<E> it = listIterator();
        if (o==null) {
            while (it.hasNext())
                if (it.next()==null)
                    return it.previousIndex();
        } else {
            while (it.hasNext())
                if (o.equals(it.next()))
                    return it.previousIndex();
        }
        return -1;
    }
    public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
        ListIterator<E> it = listIterator(size());
        if (o==null) {
            while (it.hasPrevious())
                if (it.previous()==null)
                    return it.nextIndex();
        } else {
            while (it.hasPrevious())
                if (o.equals(it.previous()))
                    return it.nextIndex();
        }
        return -1;
    }
    

    equals和hashCode

    equals方法具体为:

    • 先判断类地址是否相等
    • 再判断是否是List子类,非List子类无listIterator
    • 取出两者的listIterator循环比较其中的元素
    • 若equals()方法执行过程中元素变多或变少则为false
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (o == this)
            return true;
        if (!(o instanceof List))
            return false;
        ListIterator<E> e1 = listIterator();
        ListIterator<?> e2 = ((List<?>) o).listIterator();
        while (e1.hasNext() && e2.hasNext()) {
            E o1 = e1.next();
            Object o2 = e2.next();
            if (!(o1==null ? o2==null : o1.equals(o2)))
                return false;
        }
        return !(e1.hasNext() || e2.hasNext());
    }
    
    public int hashCode() {
        int hashCode = 1;
        for (E e : this)
            hashCode = 31*hashCode + (e==null ? 0 : e.hashCode());
        return hashCode;
    }
    

    hashCode方法具体为 31*上一个元素hascode(最开始为1) + 下一个元素hashCode(null为0)

    此域用于记录集合的修改次数,防止两个迭代器并发修改

    protected transient int modCount = 0;
    

    获取迭代器

    • iterator()返回从实现 Iterator的迭代器Itr
    • listIterator()返回实现 ListIterator且位置为0的迭代器ListItr
    • listIterator(final int index)返回 指定位置的迭代器ListItr
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new Itr();
    }
    public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
        return listIterator(0);
    }
    public ListIterator<E> listIterator(final int index) {
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);
        return new ListItr(index);
    }
    

    迭代器——Itr内部类

    • hasNext()判断当前cursor是否到了 size()

    next()具体为

    • 先判断集合是否已被并发修改
    • 调用get()取出右边元素( 用i保持原子性,避免get时cursor被修改,若被修改抛并发异常,否则抛遍历异常 )
    • 记录越过的元素位置
    • 将游标加1

    remove()具体为

    • 先判断是否调用了next()
    • 再判断是否已被并发修改
    • 调用外部类的remove()移除上一个越过的元素( remove报错则一定发生了并发修改
    • 游标减1( 判断lastRet < cursor保持原子性,避免并发修改后仍然减游标 )
    • lastRet = -1避免连续调用remove()
    • 记录修改次数
    private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
        int cursor = 0;
        int lastRet = -1;
        int expectedModCount = modCount;
    
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return cursor != size();
        }
    
        public E next() {
            checkForComodification();
            try {
                int i = cursor;
                E next = get(i);
                lastRet = i;
                cursor = i + 1;
                return next;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                checkForComodification();
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
        }
    
        public void remove() {
            if (lastRet < 0)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();
            try {
                AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet);
                if (lastRet < cursor)
                    cursor--;
                lastRet = -1;
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }
        final void checkForComodification() {
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
    }
    

    迭代器——ListItr内部类

    ListItr 继承了 Itr(向后遍历) 且实现了 ListIterator(向前遍历)

    • 构造函数获取指定位置的迭代器(从头开始则为0)
    • hasPrevious()判断当前是否到了位置0
    • nextIndex()和previousIndex()返回当前游标和上一个游标

    previous()具体为

    • 先判断集合是否已被并发修改
    • 调用get获取迭代器左边元素( 用i保持原子性,避免get时cursor被修改,若被修改抛并发异常,否则抛遍历异常 )
    • 记录越过元素的位置并让游标减1
    private class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> {
    
        ListItr(int index) {
            cursor = index;
        }
        public boolean hasPrevious() {
            return cursor != 0;
        }
        public E previous() {
            checkForComodification();
            try {
                int i = cursor - 1;
                E previous = get(i);
                lastRet = cursor = i;
                return previous;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                checkForComodification();
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
        }
        public int nextIndex() {
            return cursor;
        }
        public int previousIndex() {
            return cursor-1;
        }
        public void set(E e) {
            if (lastRet < 0)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();
            try {
                AbstractList.this.set(lastRet, e);
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }
        public void add(E e) {
            checkForComodification();
            try {
                int i = cursor;
                AbstractList.this.add(i, e);
                lastRet = -1;
                cursor = i + 1;
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }
    }
    

    set()具体为

    • 先判断是否调用了next()或previous()
    • 再判断是否已被并发修改
    • 调用外部类的set覆盖上一个越过的元素( set报错则一定发生了并发修改
    • (未lastRet = -1,说明可重复set,覆盖上一个)
    • 记录修改次数

    add()具体为

    • 先判断是否已被并发修改
    • 用外部类的add()在游标右侧添加元素( 用i保持原子性,避免add时cursor被修改,若被修改抛并发异常 )
    • lastRet = -1避免调用set()、remove(),但可连续调用add()
    • 游标加1
    • 记录修改次数

    获取子串

    数组实现的List结构返回RandomAccessSubList,链表实现的List结构则返回SubList

    public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        return (this instanceof RandomAccess ?
                new RandomAccessSubList<>(this, fromIndex, toIndex) :
                new SubList<>(this, fromIndex, toIndex));
    }
    

    子串——SubList类(以下是类介绍)

    继承结构

    采用组合模式继承AbstractList

    class SubList<E> extends AbstractList<E> {、
    }
    

    i 指向父串,offset父串开始截取的index,size为两个index之差, 此外还有一个从父串继承的modCount

    private final AbstractList<E> l;
    private final int offset;
    private int size;
    

    构造函数

    构造函数判断位置是否越界,保存list( 子串和原集合是互相影响的 )、offset、size、modCount( 同步子串父串修改

    SubList(AbstractList<E> list, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        if (fromIndex < 0)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("fromIndex = " + fromIndex);
        if (toIndex > list.size())
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex = " + toIndex);
        if (fromIndex > toIndex)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("fromIndex(" + fromIndex +
                                               ") > toIndex(" + toIndex + ")");
        l = list;
        offset = fromIndex;
        size = toIndex - fromIndex;
        this.modCount = l.modCount;
    }
    
    • rangeCheck检查是否越界
    • rangeCheckForAdd检查是否可添加(index = size意为添加到末尾)
    • checkForComodification检查字串父串修改记录是否相等
    private void rangeCheck(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
    }
    
    private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
    }
    private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) {
        return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size;
    }
    private void checkForComodification() {
        if (this.modCount != l.modCount)
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }
    

    设置元素

    检查是否越界,并发修改,后调用AbstractList.set方法( 加上子串的偏移量

    public E set(int index, E element) {
        rangeCheck(index);
        checkForComodification();
        return l.set(index+offset, element);
    }
    

    获取元素

    检查是否越界,并发修改,后调用AbstractList.get方法( 加上子串的偏移量

    public E get(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);
        checkForComodification();
        return l.get(index+offset);
    }
    

    获取大小

    检查是否并发修改,后返回size(为两个index之差)

    public int size() {
        checkForComodification();
        return size;
    }
    

    增加元素

    • add()检查是否越界、并发修改,后调用AbstractList.add方法( 加上子串的偏移量 ),同步修改次数,size+1
    • addAll(Collection)添加到集合末尾
    • addAll(int, Collection)检查是否越界、c.size是否为0、并发修改,后调用AbstractList.addAll方法( 加上子串的偏移量 ),同步修改次数,size+c.size
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);
        checkForComodification();
        l.add(index+offset, element);
        this.modCount = l.modCount;
        size++;
    }
    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        return addAll(size, c);
    }
    public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);
        int cSize = c.size();
        if (cSize==0)
            return false;
        checkForComodification();
        l.addAll(offset+index, c);
        this.modCount = l.modCount;
        size += cSize;
        return true;
    }
    

    删除元素

    • remove检查是否越界、并发修改,后调用AbstractList.remove方法( 加上子串的偏移量 ),同步修改次数,size-1
    • removeRange检查并发修改,后调用AbstractList.removeRange方法( 加上子串的偏移量),同步记修次数,size-(toIndex-fromIndex)
    public E remove(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);
        checkForComodification();
        E result = l.remove(index+offset);
        this.modCount = l.modCount;
        size--;
        return result;
    }
    protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        checkForComodification();
        l.removeRange(fromIndex+offset, toIndex+offset);
        this.modCount = l.modCount;
        size -= (toIndex-fromIndex);
    }
    

    获取迭代器

    • iterator()调用AbstractList.ListIterator()再调用AbstractList.listIterator(0), 利用多态实际调用Sublist.listIterator(0)

    listIterator(int)返回指定位置的listIterator( 其为SubList类的匿名内部类 ),下面为介绍

    • 域 i 保存AbstractList.listIterator( 加上偏移量 ),内部方法都是其间接调用
    • nextIndex()和previousIndex()调用AbstractList相应方法减去偏移量
    • hasNext()判断子串下一个下标是否小于size ,成立后next()返回AbstractList.next()
    • hasPrevious()判断子串上一个下标是否大于0 ,成立后previous()返回AbstractList.previous()
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return listIterator();
    }
    public ListIterator<E> listIterator(final int index) {
        checkForComodification();
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);
        return new ListIterator<E>() {
            private final ListIterator<E> i = l.listIterator(index+offset);
            public boolean hasNext() {
                return nextIndex() < size;
            }
            public E next() {
                if (hasNext())
                    return i.next();
                else
                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            public boolean hasPrevious() {
                return previousIndex() >= 0;
            }
            public E previous() {
                if (hasPrevious())
                    return i.previous();
                else
                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            public int nextIndex() {
                return i.nextIndex() - offset;
            }
            public int previousIndex() {
                return i.previousIndex() - offset;
            }
            public void remove() {
                i.remove();
                SubList.this.modCount = l.modCount;
                size--;
            }
            public void set(E e) {
                i.set(e);
            }
            public void add(E e) {
                i.add(e);
                SubList.this.modCount = l.modCount;
                size++;
            }
        };
    }
    
    • remove()调用AbstractList.remove(),同步修改记录,size–
    • add()调用AbstractList.add(),同步修改记录,size++
    • set()调用AbstractList.set()

    获取子串的子串

    subList()调用自身的构造方法,将自己截断

    public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        return new SubList<>(this, fromIndex, toIndex);
    }
    

    子串——RandomAccessSubList类

    RandomAccessSubList继承SubList实现RandomAccess,说明父串是RandomAccess,截取的字串仍是RandomAccess

    • 构造函数调用SubList的构造函数
    • subList()调用自身的构造方法,将自己截断
    class RandomAccessSubList<E> extends SubList<E> implements RandomAccess {
        RandomAccessSubList(AbstractList<E> list, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
            super(list, fromIndex, toIndex);
        }
        public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
            return new RandomAccessSubList<>(this, fromIndex, toIndex);
        }
    }
    

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