10.CentOS7环境安装MariaDB(MySQL开源版)

作者: 哈哈大圣 | 来源:发表于2019-11-28 19:32 被阅读0次

CentOS7环境安装MariaDB(MySQL开源版)

一、MariaDB概述

1). 说明

MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可。

2). 预准备

有的centos7已经默认安装了Mariadb，可以查看自己的有没有安装，没有安装的再进行安装，已经安装了可以不用安装也可以卸载了重装。

[root@hadoop000 ~]# yum remove mariadb-server
[root@hadoop000 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

二、安装配置Mariadb

1).安装MariaDB

通过yum安装就行了。简单快捷，安装mariadb-server，默认依赖安装mariadb，一个是服务端、一个是客户端。

[root@hadoop000 ~]# yum install mariadb-server

2).制作系统服务

安装完成后首先要把MariaDB服务开启，并设置为开机启动

[root@hadoop000 ~]# systemctl start mariadb  # 开启服务
[root@hadoop000 ~]# systemctl enable mariadb  # 设置为开机自启动服务

3).MariaDB初始化配置

首次安装需要进行数据库的配置，命令都和mysql的一样

[root@hadoop000 ~]# mysql_secure_installation

配置时出现的各个选项以及建议的操作

Enter current password for root (enter for none):  # 输入数据库超级管理员root的密码(注意不是系统root的密码)，第一次进入还没有设置密码则直接回车

Set root password? [Y/n]  # 设置密码，y

New password:  # 新密码
Re-enter new password:  # 再次输入密码

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]  # 移除匿名用户， y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]  # 拒绝root远程登录，n，不管y/n，都会拒绝root远程登录

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]  # 删除test数据库，y：删除。n：不删除，数据库中会有一个test数据库，一般不需要

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]  # 重新加载权限表，y。或者重启服务也许

测试是否能够登录成功

出现MariaDB [(none)]>就表示已经能够正常登录使用MariaDB数据库了

[root@hadoop000 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

4).设置MariaDB字符集为utf-8

建议使用vim工具进行配置

配置/etc/my.cnf文件,在[mysqld]标签下添加如下内容

init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake

配置/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf文件,在[client]标签下添加

default-character-set=utf8

配置/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf文件,在[mysql]标签下添加

default-character-set=utf8

重启服务

[root@hadoop000 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

进入mariadb查看字符集

配置字符集后的内容

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

5).禁用防火墙配置(开发阶段建议)

查看防火墙状态

enabled表示可以启用；running表示已经在启用

[hadoop@hadoop000 ~]$ systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-11-28 19:13:33 CST; 1min 41s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 18478 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─18478 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
[hadoop@hadoop000 ~]$

关闭防火墙

[hadoop@hadoop000 ~]$ systemctl stop firewalld
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units ===
Authentication is required to manage system services or units.
Authenticating as: root
Password:
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===
[hadoop@hadoop000 ~]$

禁用防火墙，开机不自动启动

[hadoop@hadoop000 ~]$ systemctl disable firewalld
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-unit-files ===
Authentication is required to manage system service or unit files.
Authenticating as: root
Password:
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.systemd1.reload-daemon ===
Authentication is required to reload the systemd state.
Authenticating as: root
Password:
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===
[hadoop@hadoop000 ~]$

再次检查状态

[hadoop@hadoop000 ~]$ systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[hadoop@hadoop000 ~]$

6).防火墙配置开放端口(生产环境)

在不关闭防火墙的情况下，允许某端口的外来链接。步骤如下，开启3306端口，重启防火墙

[root@hadoop000 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld


[root@hadoop000 ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp  # 查看3306端口是否开启

[root@hadoop000 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent  # 开启3306端口

[root@hadoop000 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload  # 重启防火墙
success
[root@hadoop000 ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp  # 查看3306端口是否开启
yes

7). 配置远程登录

MariaDB默认是拒绝root远程登录的。

查看mysql数据库中的user表

[root@hadoop000 ~]# mysql -u root -p  # 先通过本地链接进入数据库

MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;

MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user;
+-----------+------+
| host      | user |
+-----------+------+
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| ::1       | root |
| hadoop000      | root |
+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

将与主机名相等的字段改为%，我的主机名为hadoop000;

MariaDB [mysql]> update user set host='%' where host='hadoop000';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user;
+-----------+------+
| host      | user |
+-----------+------+
| %         | root |
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| localhost | root |
+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

刷新权限表，或重启MariaDB服务

MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@hadoop000 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

注意：刷新权限表是在数据库中，重启服务是在外部命令行中

三、添加用户并授权

root用户太危险，APP应用建议使用其他普通用户，设置权限！

1). 添加新用户并授权

[hadoop@hadoop000 ~]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
... 

MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'hadoop'@'%' identified by '^_^_^_^';
MariaDB [(none)]> grant ALL HADOOP_HIVE.* to 'hadoop'@'%';

2). 远程登录测试

略

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