1. 介绍
曾以为java不适合桌面应用程序的开发, 直到遇到JavaFX
它采用MVC的设计模式, 有过web开发经验的人极易上手
JavaFX is an open source, next generation client application platform for desktop, mobile and embedded systems built on Java.
2. Scene Builder
可视化页面设计, 让元素布局不再复杂
下载地址: JavaFX Scene Builder Information (oracle.com)
IDE集成SceneBuilder
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3. 入门实例
效果图
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3.1. 项目构建
视图层 + 控制层
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3.2. 画布局
直接使用Scene Builder生成
RootLayout.fxml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?import java.lang.*?>
<?import java.util.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.*?>
<BorderPane maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="400.0" prefWidth="600.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1">
<top>
<MenuBar BorderPane.alignment="CENTER">
<menus>
<Menu mnemonicParsing="false" text="File">
<items>
<MenuItem mnemonicParsing="false" text="Close" />
</items>
</Menu>
<Menu mnemonicParsing="false" text="Edit">
<items>
<MenuItem mnemonicParsing="false" text="Delete" />
</items>
</Menu>
<Menu mnemonicParsing="false" text="Help">
<items>
<MenuItem mnemonicParsing="false" text="About" />
</items>
</Menu>
</menus>
</MenuBar>
</top>
</BorderPane>
PersonView.fxml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?import javafx.geometry.*?>
<?import java.lang.*?>
<?import java.util.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.*?>
<AnchorPane prefHeight="400.0" prefWidth="600.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" fx:controller="com.leon.controller.PersonController">
<children>
<SplitPane dividerPositions="0.48494983277591974" layoutX="214.0" prefHeight="400.0" prefWidth="600.0" AnchorPane.bottomAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.leftAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.rightAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.topAnchor="0.0">
<items>
<AnchorPane minHeight="0.0" minWidth="0.0" prefHeight="160.0" prefWidth="100.0">
<children>
<TableView layoutX="-27.0" layoutY="-37.0" prefHeight="398.0" prefWidth="173.0" AnchorPane.bottomAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.leftAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.rightAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.topAnchor="0.0">
<columns>
<TableColumn prefWidth="138.0" text="Firtst Name" />
<TableColumn minWidth="7.0" prefWidth="145.0" text="Last Name" />
</columns>
</TableView>
</children>
</AnchorPane>
<AnchorPane minHeight="0.0" minWidth="0.0" prefHeight="160.0" prefWidth="100.0">
<children>
<GridPane layoutX="75.0" layoutY="101.0" prefHeight="277.0" prefWidth="283.0" AnchorPane.bottomAnchor="91.0" AnchorPane.leftAnchor="10.0" AnchorPane.rightAnchor="10.0" AnchorPane.topAnchor="20.0">
<columnConstraints>
<ColumnConstraints hgrow="SOMETIMES" maxWidth="136.0" minWidth="10.0" prefWidth="112.0" />
<ColumnConstraints hgrow="SOMETIMES" maxWidth="187.0" minWidth="10.0" prefWidth="171.0" />
</columnConstraints>
<rowConstraints>
<RowConstraints minHeight="10.0" prefHeight="30.0" vgrow="SOMETIMES" />
<RowConstraints minHeight="10.0" prefHeight="30.0" vgrow="SOMETIMES" />
<RowConstraints minHeight="10.0" prefHeight="30.0" vgrow="SOMETIMES" />
<RowConstraints minHeight="10.0" prefHeight="30.0" vgrow="SOMETIMES" />
<RowConstraints minHeight="10.0" prefHeight="30.0" vgrow="SOMETIMES" />
</rowConstraints>
<children>
<Label text="FirstName" />
<Label text="Label" GridPane.columnIndex="1" GridPane.rowIndex="1" />
<Label text="Label" GridPane.columnIndex="1" />
<Label text="Address" GridPane.rowIndex="4" />
<Label text="Gender" GridPane.rowIndex="3" />
<Label text="Age" GridPane.rowIndex="2" />
<Label text="LastName" GridPane.rowIndex="1" />
<Label text="Label" GridPane.columnIndex="1" GridPane.rowIndex="2" />
<Label text="Label" GridPane.columnIndex="1" GridPane.rowIndex="3" />
<Label text="Label" GridPane.columnIndex="1" GridPane.rowIndex="4" />
</children>
</GridPane>
<HBox layoutX="3.0" layoutY="332.0" prefHeight="36.0" prefWidth="245.0" spacing="10.0" AnchorPane.bottomAnchor="5.0" AnchorPane.rightAnchor="5.0">
<children>
<Button layoutX="27.0" layoutY="332.0" mnemonicParsing="false" text="Delete" />
<Button layoutX="37.0" layoutY="342.0" mnemonicParsing="false" text="Edit..." />
<Button layoutX="47.0" layoutY="352.0" mnemonicParsing="false" text="Add..." />
</children>
</HBox>
</children>
</AnchorPane>
</items>
</SplitPane>
</children>
</AnchorPane>
3.3. 项目启动
启动项目前, 需要各组件拼接起来
package com.leon;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import java.io.IOException;
public class App extends Application {
private Stage primaryStage;
private BorderPane rootLayout;
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
this.primaryStage = primaryStage;
this.primaryStage.setTitle("Person APP");
initLayout();
showPersonLayout();
}
public void initLayout() {
try {
FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
loader.setLocation(App.class.getResource("view/RootLayout.fxml"));
rootLayout = loader.load();
Scene scene = new Scene(rootLayout);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void showPersonLayout() {
try {
FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
loader.setLocation(App.class.getResource("view/PersonView.fxml"));
AnchorPane personLayout = loader.load();
rootLayout.setCenter(personLayout);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
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