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Spring(MVC)启动浅析与父子Context

Spring(MVC)启动浅析与父子Context

作者: UUID | 来源:发表于2018-05-24 18:38 被阅读52次

现在在Java web 的世界中,很多都用spring的,因为它的高度解耦,使得开发人员能够快速构建出高可用和高扩展的应用。我们看下spring在web项目中的启动过程和上下文的使用情况。web 应用启动过程可以参考上一篇文章。https://www.jianshu.com/p/a9babadb5f4b
我一般都用xml或者注解的方式使用spring,先说下xml的

1、xml based configuration

在XML based configuration的项目中,web.xml大致如下:

<web-app>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/app-context.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value></param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/app/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

ContextLoaderListener 如下:

public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
    public ContextLoaderListener() {
    }

    public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
        this.initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
        this.closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
        ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());
    }
}

在应用启动的时候,会调用contextInitialized,里面调用ContextLoader 的initWebApplicationContext 方法(servlet context 已经由web容器创建好了),方法中会创建 WebApplicationContext 并把它注册到servlet context中:
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
WebApplicationContext 熟悉吧?xml用的XmlWebApplicationContext、groovy用的GroovyWebApplicationContext、基于注解的AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext 都是它的实现类。它就是作为IOC容器的上下文,也是root context。

看下initWebApplicationContext方法的两个关键点:

this.context = this.createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);//创建WebApplicationContext对象
...
if(this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
      ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)this.context;
      if(!cwac.isActive()) {
          if(cwac.getParent() == null) {
                   ApplicationContext parent = this.loadParentContext(servletContext);
                         cwac.setParent(parent);//将web application context 的父容器设置为servletContext
           }
           this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
      }
}

root context初始化完了以后,按照定义的顺序开始加载初始化servlet。这里是DispatcherServlet。DispatcherServlet在初始化的时候,会创建自己的IOC context(servlet application context),并且从servlet context中取出属性名为WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE 的context,也就是root context,并根据创建出来的context创建DispatcherServlet,注册过滤器,最后将DispatcherServlet加入到servlet context(root context)中。servletApplicationContext 就作为WebApplicationContext的子容器了。这个不太直观,我们看下基于注解的配置的代码就很清楚了。

2、annotation based configuration

web application context:

public class MyWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class<?>[] { MyWebConfig.class };
    }

    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[] { "/" };
    }
}

web mvc context:

class MyWebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    @Override
    public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
    ...
     }
}

我们看看AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer:

public abstract class AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {
    public AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer() {
    }

    @Nullable
    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
        Class<?>[] configClasses = this.getRootConfigClasses();
        if(!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
            AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
            rootAppContext.register(configClasses);
            return rootAppContext;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext servletAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        Class<?>[] configClasses = this.getServletConfigClasses();
        if(!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
            servletAppContext.register(configClasses);
        }

        return servletAppContext;
    }

    @Nullable
    protected abstract Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses();

    @Nullable
    protected abstract Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses();
}

主要就是创建rootApplicationContext 和 servletApplicationContext,也就是两个父子容器了。
再来看看AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer,主要代码如下:

public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        super.onStartup(servletContext);
        this.registerDispatcherServlet(servletContext);
    }

    protected void registerDispatcherServlet(ServletContext servletContext) {
        String servletName = this.getServletName();
        WebApplicationContext servletAppContext = this.createServletApplicationContext();
        FrameworkServlet dispatcherServlet = this.createDispatcherServlet(servletAppContext);
        dispatcherServlet.setContextInitializers(this.getServletApplicationContextInitializers());
        Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet(servletName, dispatcherServlet);
        registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registration.addMapping(this.getServletMappings());
        registration.setAsyncSupported(this.isAsyncSupported());
        Filter[] filters = this.getServletFilters();
        if(!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(filters)) {
            Filter[] var7 = filters;
            int var8 = filters.length;

            for(int var9 = 0; var9 < var8; ++var9) {
                Filter filter = var7[var9];
                this.registerServletFilter(servletContext, filter);
            }
        }

        this.customizeRegistration(registration);
    }

    protected String getServletName() {
        return "dispatcher";
    }

    protected abstract WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext();

    protected FrameworkServlet createDispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext servletAppContext) {
        return new DispatcherServlet(servletAppContext);
    }

看到代码了,就是那么实现的。哈!

父子容器(父:WebApplicationContext,子:ServletApplicationContext),在子容器中可以访问父容器中的bean,但是,父容器中却不能够访问子容器中的bean,这个是很自然的事情。。父容器中的bean主要是 DAO、service、repository,也就是业务逻辑层和数据持久化层;子容器中主要就是controller,也就是ACTION相关的东西。这个是很自然的事情,mvc嘛,子容器访问父容器中的bean,不正是mvc中的c调用m?

一个不标准的时序和调用图如下:


Jin.png

这种采用父子容器的方式是很正规,中规中矩的方式,其实也可以直接都在同一个context中,不过不建议这样做。

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