MySQL安装

下载

官方网站
https://www.mysql.com

选择社区版本 MySQL Community Downloads
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

选择服务器版Download MySQL Community Server
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

例如：下载mysql-8.0.15
https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.15-winx64.zip

安装

• 解压

假设把mysql-8.0.15-winx64.zip解压到下面的目录

C:\Program Files\Apps\mysql-8.0.15-winx64

• 配置环境变量

在Path添加 C:\Program Files\Apps\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin

• 编写配置文件

将下面的代码保存到 C:\Program Files\Apps\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin\my.ini

[mysqld]

# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3306

# 服务端使用的字符集默认为utf8mb4（是utf8的超集）
character-set-server = utf8mb4

# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir = C:/Program Files/Apps/mysql-8.0.15-winx64

# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir = C:/Program Files/Apps/mysql-8.0.15-winx64/data

# 允许最大连接数
max_connections = 200

# 允许连接失败的次数（防止试图攻击数据库系统）
max_connect_errors = 10

# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine = INNODB

# 默认使用"mysql_native_password"插件认证
default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password


[client]

port = 3306

default-character-set = utf8mb4

• 初始化数据库

mysqld --initialize --console

2019-02-18T03:59:08.753060Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] C:\Program Files\Apps\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.15) initializing of server in progress as process 15692
2019-02-18T03:59:13.102051Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 7zd%T?-F6*lu
2019-02-18T03:59:15.001455Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] C:\Program Files\Apps\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.15) initializing of server has completed

如果没有记下密码，可以删除datadir = C:/Program Files/Apps/mysql-8.0.15-winx64/data目录，重新执行初始化。初始化成功后，可以看到账号/密码为：root/7zd%T?-F6*lu

• 安装服务

mysqld --install MySQL --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\Apps\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\my.ini"

成功安装时的输出类似：

Service successfully installed.

• 卸载

mysqld --remove MySQL

成功卸载时的输出类似：

Service successfully removed.

• 启动MySQL服务

net start MySQL

成功启动时的输出类似：

MySQL 服务正在启动 ..
MySQL 服务已经启动成功。

• 登录

mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ************
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.15

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

• 修改密码

alter user user() identified by "123456";

命令总结

# 生成data目录，console会显示root用户密码
mysqld --initialize --console
# 安装MySQL服务，名称为MySQL，使用配置文件
mysqld --install MySQL --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\Apps\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\my.ini"
# 启动MySQL服务
net start MySQL
# 登录
mysql -uroot -p (输入密码后进入mysql)
# 如果没有修改密码，操作的时候会出现如下错误
# ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
# 通过下面命令修改密码
alter user user() identified by "123456";