Redux 分析

Redux的核心本质就是一个发布订阅模式。

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Redux运用于React框架中，是一个全局状态管理器。Redux解决了在开发过程中数据无限层层传递而引发的一系列问题。

Redux 主要组成

Redux主要分为几个部分：dispatch、reducer、state。
我们着重看下dispatch，该方法是Redux流程的第一步，在用户界面中通过执行dispatch，传入相对应的action对象参数，action是一个描述类型的对象，紧接着执行reducer，最后整体返回一个store对象。

redux的三大原则

1. 单一数据源：在Redux中一般只有一个store，用来存放数据。
2. 只读的state：更改状态的唯一方法是触发一个动作action，action 描述了这次修改行为的相关信息的对象。由于action只是简单的对象，因此可以将它们记录，序列化，存储并在以后进行调试。
3. 使用纯函数进行操作更改state：为了描述 action 如何修改状态，需要使用reducer 函数。reducer 函数接收前一次的 state 和 action，返回新的 state， 而不是改变先前的state。只要传入相同 的state 和 action，无论reducer被调用多少次，那么就一定返回相同的结果。

Redux 源码

export default function createStore(reducer, preloadedState, enhancer) 
{
  if (
    (typeof preloadedState === 'function' && typeof enhancer === 'function') ||
    (typeof enhancer === 'function' && typeof arguments[3] === 'function')
  ) {
    throw new Error(
      'It looks like you are passing several store enhancers to ' +
        'createStore(). This is not supported. Instead, compose them ' +
        'together to a single function.'
    )
  }

/**
   * Dispatches an action. It is the only way to trigger a state change.
   *
   * The `reducer` function, used to create the store, will be called with the
   * current state tree and the given `action`. Its return value will
   * be considered the **next** state of the tree, and the change listeners
   * will be notified.
   *
   * The base implementation only supports plain object actions. If you want to
   * dispatch a Promise, an Observable, a thunk, or something else, you need to
   * wrap your store creating function into the corresponding middleware. For
   * example, see the documentation for the `redux-thunk` package. Even the
   * middleware will eventually dispatch plain object actions using this method.
   *
   * @param {Object} action A plain object representing “what changed”. It is
   * a good idea to keep actions serializable so you can record and replay user
   * sessions, or use the time travelling `redux-devtools`. An action must have
   * a `type` property which may not be `undefined`. It is a good idea to use
   * string constants for action types.
   *
   * @returns {Object} For convenience, the same action object you dispatched.
   *
   * Note that, if you use a custom middleware, it may wrap `dispatch()` to
   * return something else (for example, a Promise you can await).
   */
  function dispatch(action) {
    if (!isPlainObject(action)) {
      throw new Error(
        'Actions must be plain objects. ' +
          'Use custom middleware for async actions.'
      )
    }

    if (typeof action.type === 'undefined') {
      throw new Error(
        'Actions may not have an undefined "type" property. ' +
          'Have you misspelled a constant?'
      )
    }

    if (isDispatching) {
      throw new Error('Reducers may not dispatch actions.')
    }

    try {
      isDispatching = true
      currentState = currentReducer(currentState, action)
    } finally {
      isDispatching = false
    }

    const listeners = (currentListeners = nextListeners)
    for (let i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
      const listener = listeners[i]
      listener()
    }

    return action
  }


/**
   * Adds a change listener. It will be called any time an action is dispatched,
   * and some part of the state tree may potentially have changed. You may then
   * call `getState()` to read the current state tree inside the callback.
   *
   * You may call `dispatch()` from a change listener, with the following
   * caveats:
   *
   * 1. The subscriptions are snapshotted just before every `dispatch()` call.
   * If you subscribe or unsubscribe while the listeners are being invoked, this
   * will not have any effect on the `dispatch()` that is currently in progress.
   * However, the next `dispatch()` call, whether nested or not, will use a more
   * recent snapshot of the subscription list.
   *
   * 2. The listener should not expect to see all state changes, as the state
   * might have been updated multiple times during a nested `dispatch()` before
   * the listener is called. It is, however, guaranteed that all subscribers
   * registered before the `dispatch()` started will be called with the latest
   * state by the time it exits.
   *
   * @param {Function} listener A callback to be invoked on every dispatch.
   * @returns {Function} A function to remove this change listener.
   */
  function subscribe(listener) {
    if (typeof listener !== 'function') {
      throw new Error('Expected the listener to be a function.')
    }

    if (isDispatching) {
      throw new Error(
        'You may not call store.subscribe() while the reducer is executing. ' +
          'If you would like to be notified after the store has been updated, subscribe from a ' +
          'component and invoke store.getState() in the callback to access the latest state. ' +
          'See https://redux.js.org/api-reference/store#subscribelistener for more details.'
      )
    }

    let isSubscribed = true

    ensureCanMutateNextListeners()
    nextListeners.push(listener)

    return function unsubscribe() {
      if (!isSubscribed) {
        return
      }

      if (isDispatching) {
        throw new Error(
          'You may not unsubscribe from a store listener while the reducer is executing. ' +
            'See https://redux.js.org/api-reference/store#subscribelistener for more details.'
        )
      }

      isSubscribed = false

      ensureCanMutateNextListeners()
      const index = nextListeners.indexOf(listener)
      nextListeners.splice(index, 1)
      currentListeners = null
    }
  }

 /**
   * Reads the state tree managed by the store.
   *
   * @returns {any} The current state tree of your application.
   */
  function getState() {
    if (isDispatching) {
      throw new Error(
        'You may not call store.getState() while the reducer is executing. ' +
          'The reducer has already received the state as an argument. ' +
          'Pass it down from the top reducer instead of reading it from the store.'
      )
    }

    return currentState
  }

// When a store is created, an "INIT" action is dispatched so that every
  // reducer returns their initial state. This effectively populates
  // the initial state tree.
  dispatch({ type: ActionTypes.INIT })

  return {
    dispatch,
    subscribe,
    getState,
    replaceReducer,
    [$$observable]: observable
  }
}

Redux 执行过程

typescript

typescript实战