Advent of Code Day 9 流处理

解题语言不限Java

个人感觉这个难哭了，主要还是没干过这个

拖更了，不好意思

• Advent of Code Day 1 逆向验证码
• Advent of Code Day 2 损坏校验和
• Advent of Code Day 3 螺旋内存
• Advent of Code Day 4 高熵密码
• Advevnt of Code Day 5 曲折的蹦床迷宫
• Advent of Code Day 6 内存重分配
• Advent of Code Day 7 递归马戏团
• Advent of Code Day 8 注册表爱好者
• Advent of Code Day 9 流处理
• Advent of Code Day 10 结哈希
• Advent of Code Day 11 六边形迷宫

题目内容

A large stream blocks your path. According to the locals, it's not safe to cross the stream at the moment because it's full of garbage. You look down at the stream; rather than water, you discover that it's a stream of characters.
一个流把你的路给挡住了。根据当地人所说，这条垃圾河是很危险的。你看着这条河，河流的不是水，是字符。
You sit for a while and record part of the stream (your puzzle input). The characters represent groups - sequences that begin with { and end with }. Within a group, there are zero or more other things, separated by commas: either another group or garbage. Since groups can contain other groups, a } only closes the most-recently-opened unclosed group - that is, they are nestable. Your puzzle input represents a single, large group which itself contains many smaller ones.
你坐着等了一会并记录下了所有流过的字符。这些字符代表着组：序列在一对中括号里{}。在组里，有很多东西被逗号,分开。这些组里还有组，所以每个{会和最近的}结合。你的谜题输入会是大组里有很多的小组。
Sometimes, instead of a group, you will find garbage. Garbage begins with < and ends with >. Between those angle brackets, almost any character can appear, including { and }. Within garbage, < has no special meaning.
有时，也会出现垃圾。垃圾是由<开始>结束，在这两个符号里面，即使是{和}，还有<都会被忽略。
In a futile attempt to clean up the garbage, some program has canceled some of the characters within it using !: inside garbage, any character that comes after ! should be ignored, including <, >, and even another !.
在你之前，已经有些程序尝试用!清除一些字符。任何字符前有!的都会被忽略，包括<，>，
和!。
You don't see any characters that deviate from these rules. Outside garbage, you only find well-formed groups, and garbage always terminates according to the rules above.
所有的字符都会符合这个规则。在垃圾之外，所有的字符都会排列成合适的组合，并且所有的垃圾都会在符合规则的位置。
Here are some self-contained pieces of garbage:
这里是一些单独的垃圾：

• <>, empty garbage.
  空垃圾
• <random characters>, garbage containing random characters.
  垃圾中有随机的字符
• <<<<>, because the extra < are ignored.
  因为多余的<会被忽略。
• <{!>}>, because the first > is canceled.
  因为第一个>被！取消了。
• <!!>, because the second ! is canceled, allowing the > to terminate the garbage.
  因为第一个!把第二个！取消了。
• <!!!>>, because the second ! and the first > are canceled.
  因为第二个!和第一个>被取消了
• <{o"i!a,<{i<a>, which ends at the first >.
  这个垃圾在第一个>结束。
  Here are some examples of whole streams and the number of groups they contain:
  这些是组的例子
• {}, 1 group.
  有一个组
• {{{}}}, 3 groups.
  有三个组
• {{},{}}, also 3 groups.
  有三个组
• {{{},{},{{}}}}, 6 groups.
  有六个组
• {<{},{},{{}}>}, 1 group (which itself contains garbage).
  有一个组，里面其他的被计算为垃圾了。
• {<a>,<a>,<a>,<a>}, 1 group.
  有一个组
• {{<a>},{<a>},{<a>},{<a>}}, 5 groups.
  有五个组
• {{<!>},{<!>},{<!>},{<a>}}, 2 groups (since all but the last > are canceled).
  有两个组

Your goal is to find the total score for all groups in your input. Each group is assigned a score which is one more than the score of the group that immediately contains it. (The outermost group gets a score of 1.)
你的目标是找出输入里组的总分。每个组都被指定了一个分数，如果这个组被3个大组包含，那分数为三。

• {}, score of 1.
  分数为1
• {{{}}}, score of 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
  分数为1
• {{},{}}, score of 1 + 2 + 2 = 5.
  分数为1+2+2=5
• {{{},{},{{}}}}, score of 1 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 4 = 16.
  分数为1 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 4 = 16
• {<a>,<a>,<a>,<a>}, score of 1.
  分数为1
• {{<ab>},{<ab>},{<ab>},{<ab>}}, score of 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9.
  分数为1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9
• {{<!!>},{<!!>},{<!!>},{<!!>}}, score of 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9.
  分数为1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9.
• {{<a!>},{<a!>},{<a!>},{<ab>}}, score of 1 + 2 = 3.
  分数为1 + 2 = 3
  What is the total score for all groups in your input?
  你的谜题输入的总分是多少？

解题思路

萌新刚刚看到题的时候被吓了一跳，还好我们的老油条，企鹅给了个方便的做法。
在此感谢下企鹅。

这个题目的思路主要是：

1. 要能合理解析垃圾和跳跃字符
2. 要对{和}的层级进行正确解析

企鹅大佬的做法是

1. 建一个for循环遍历其中所有的字符。
2. 在循环中，如果检测到!就跳过一个字符
3. 如果检测到<,就开始忽略掉字符，直到检测到>。
4. 定义一个层级变量和一个分数变量。每遇到一个{，层级变量就加一，每遇到一个}，层级变量就减一，分数变量加上一个层级变量。