今天在阿里云上安装了mysql,过程中遭遇了很多意想不到的曲折.比如强制修改密码,去修改的时候又限制了密码的格式,等到远程连接的时候又连不上.在此记录完整过程,即方便其他人参考,也方便自己以后随时查阅.
centos7.4默认数据库
centos7开始默认数据库源是mariadb,而不是之前的mysql.可以使用下面的命令查看:
rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb
终端输出
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
可以看到默认是mariadb5.5,对应mysql的5.5版本.更多讨论参考CentOS 7为什么放弃了MySQL，而改使用MariaDB和腾讯云 Centos 7.2 折腾了一个小时没装成功 MySQL
注意: 此时并没有安装mariadb,如果安装需要执行$ yum install mariadb-server.
安装mysql
安装方案
根据腾讯云 Centos 7.2 折腾了一个小时没装成功 MySQL中的说法,如果安装了mariadb需要先卸载mariadb,再安装mysql,否则可能会出错.因为并没有安装mariadb,所以直接安装mysql
添加mysql数据库yum源
首先下载rpm:
wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
然后安装rpm:
$rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
检查是否安装成功:
$ rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
如果终端什么都不输出则说明yum源安装失败,如果输出以下内容则安装成功:
mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch
mysql的yum源列表参考mysql官网MySQL Yum Repository
安装mysql
执行命令安装:
$ yum install mysql-server
终端输出
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00
mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00
mysql57-community | 2.5 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
(1/6): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 904 kB 00:00
(2/6): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 185 kB 00:00
(3/6): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db | 18 kB 00:00
(4/6): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db | 39 kB 00:00
(5/6): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.3 MB 00:00
(6/6): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db | 134 kB 00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.21-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1()(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be obsoleted
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.21-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.1 M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.21-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.0 M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.21-1.el7 mysql57-community 164 M
Installing for dependencies:
libaio x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base 24 k
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.21-1.el7 mysql57-community 24 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.21-1.el7 mysql57-community 272 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 3 Packages (+3 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 192 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/6): libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(2/6): mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 272 kB 00:00
(3/6): mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.1 MB 00:00
(4/6): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00
(5/6): mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 MB 00:02
(6/6): mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 164 MB 00:17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 10 MB/s | 192 MB 00:19
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
Package : mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch (installed)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 1/7
Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 2/7
Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 3/7
Installing : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 4/7
Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 5/7
Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 6/7
Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 7/7
Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 1/7
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 2/7
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 3/7
Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 4/7
Verifying : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 5/7
Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 6/7
Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 7/7
Installed:
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7
mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7
Replaced:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
Complete!
执行以下命令检查安装结果:
$ rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
输出
mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch
mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
mysql操作
查看mysql状态
使用$ service mysqld status查看mysql状态:
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
可以看到服务未启动.
启动mysql
使用$ service mysqld start启动mysql:
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
此时再执行$ service mysqld status输出
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-04-04 15:43:41 CST; 1min 2s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 2588 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 2515 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2593 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─2593 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mys...
Apr 04 15:43:36 izbp1g0mp7j4yo2s46yt56z systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Apr 04 15:43:41 izbp1g0mp7j4yo2s46yt56z systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
连接mysql
使用$ mysql -u root登录mysql,结果输出
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
解决方法是编辑/etc/my.cnf:
$ vim /etc/my.cnf
在文件最下面添加
skip-grant-tables
停止服务器$ service mysqld stop,然后重新启动``$ service mysqld start`.
此时使用$ mysql -u root可以直接登录mysql,修改root用户的密码:
$ use mysql;
$ update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123') where user='root';
$ flush privileges;
此时恢复/etc/my.cnf,删除skip-grant-tables.然后使用$ service mysqld restart重启mysql服务.之后可以使用使用$ mysql -u root -p触发登录操作,输入密码"123"即可
Bug解决
You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement
后来执行其它mysql命令时出现错误:
You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement
于是执行命令更新了一下密码为"Root@123456":
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Root@123456';
其它参考Reset MySQL root password using ALTER USER statement after install on Mac
Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql5.7的默认密码验证等级是1(medium),要求包含数字、大/小写字母和特殊字符.参考ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements.密码检验策略有3个取值,0、1和2,对应lower、medium和strong
解决方法是先按要求改变密码为"Root@123456",参照上一步.
然后改变validate_password_policy:
`mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)`
此时密码验证等级为0,只会验证长度.查看长度:
mysql> select @@validate_password_length;
输出
+----------------------------+
| @@validate_password_length |
+----------------------------+
| 8 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改长度验证为3:
set global validate_password_length=3;
此时再用select @@validate_password_length;看密码长度限制:
+----------------------------+
| @@validate_password_length |
+----------------------------+
| 4 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到无论怎么修改,密码最短必须4位.
此时修改密码为1234:
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '1234';
mysql远程连接
查看端口
完成上面所有工作以后,使用navicat连接mysqsl,发现一直连接失败.使用netstat -tln查看服务的端口:
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN
发现了3306,说明端口没问题.
更新权限表
端口没问题,那就可能是权限表中用户的配置限定了ip,执行下面的命令允许root用户从任意ip访问数据库:
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
host设置为%表示允许从任意ip访问,当然也可以将host指定为某个ip.参考阿里云下配置MySQL远程连接的步骤详解
最后必须执行下面的命令让刚才的更改立即生效:
mysql> flush privileges;
重新使用navicat连接就好了.
总结: 阿里云上安装的mysql默认只能本机访问,如果需要远程连接需要以上配置才可以.
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