Knative 初体验：CICD 极速入门

Knative 社区很早就在讨论用 Tekton 替换 Build 模块的事宜。Knative Build 官方已经正式说明不再建议使用 Knative Build 了。

如果你知道 Knative Build 是什么相信你理解起 Tekton 就是很容易的一件事了。

• Knative Build 对自己的一句话概述是：A Kubernetes-native Build resource.
• Tekton 对自己的一句话概述是： A K8s-native Pipeline resource. https://tekton.dev
• 可以看到两者的定位非常相近，而且在功能上 Tekton 的设计更加的丰富、完整，这也是社区最终采用 Tekton 的原因。接下来我们就看一下 Tekton 的核心概念。

Tekton 极速入门

Tekton 主要由如下五个核心概念组成：

• Task
• TaskRun
• Pipeline
• PipelineRun
• PipelineResource
• 这五个概念每一个都是以 CRD 的形式提供服务的，下面分别简述一下这五个概念的含义。

Task

Task 就是一个任务执行模板，之所以说 Task 是一个模板是因为 Task 定义中可以包含变量，Task 在真正执行的时候需要给定变量的具体值。Tekton 的 Task 很类似于一个函数的定义，Task 通过 inputs.params 定义需要哪些入参，并且每一个入参还可以指定默认值。Task 的 steps 字段表示当前 Task 是有哪些子步骤组成的。每一个步骤具体就是一个镜像的执行，镜像的启动参数可以通过 Task 的入参使用模板语法进行配置。

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Task
metadata:
 name: task-with-parameters
spec:
 inputs:
 params:
 - name: flags
 type: array
 - name: someURL
 type: string
 steps:
 - name: build
 image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/knative-sample/alpine:3.9
 command: ["sh", "-c"]
 args: [ "echo ${inputs.params.flags} ; echo ${someURL}"]
</pre>

**TaskRun**

Task 定义好以后是不能执行的，就像一个函数定义好以后需要调用才能执行一样。所以需要再定义一个 TaskRun 去执行 Task。TaskRun 主要是负责设置 Task 需要的参数，并通过 taskRef 字段引用要执行的 Task。

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: TaskRun
metadata:
 name: run-with-parameters
spec:
 taskRef:
 name: task-with-parameters
 inputs:
 params:
 - name: flags
 value: "--set"
 - name: someURL
 value: "https://github.com/knative-sample"
</pre>

**Pipeline**

一个 TaskRun 只能执行一个 Task，当需要编排多个 Task 的时候就需要 Pipeline 出马了。Pipeline 是一个编排 Task 的模板。Pipeline 的 params 声明了执行时需要的入参。 Pipeline 的 spec.tasks 定义了需要编排的 Task。Tasks 是一个数组，数组中的 task 并不是通过数组声明的顺序去执行的，而是通过 runAfter 来声明 task 执行的顺序。Tekton controller 在解析 CRD 的时候会解析 Task 的顺序，然后依据设定的顺序依次去执行。Pipeline 在编排 Task 的时候需要给每一个 Task 传入必须的参数，这些参数的值可以来自 Pipeline 自身的 params。

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Pipeline
metadata:
 name: pipeline-with-parameters
spec:
 params:
 - name: context
 type: string
 description: Path to context
 default: /some/where/or/other
 tasks:
 - name: task-1
 taskRef:
 name: build
 params:
 - name: pathToDockerFile
 value: Dockerfile
 - name: pathToContext
 value: "${params.context}"
 - name: task-2
 taskRef:
 name: build-push
 runAfter:
 - source-to-image
 params:
 - name: pathToDockerFile
 value: Dockerfile
 - name: pathToContext
 value: "${params.context}"
</pre>

PipelineRun

和 Task 一样 Pipeline 定义完成以后也是不能直接执行的，需要 PipelineRun 才能执行 Pipeline。PipelineRun 的主要作用是给 Pipeline 设定必要的入参，并执行 Pipeline。

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: PipelineRun
metadata:
 name: pipelinerun-with-parameters
spec:
 pipelineRef:
 name: pipeline-with-parameters
 params:
 - name: "context"
 value: "/workspace/examples/microservices/leeroy-web"
</pre>

PipelineResource

前面已经介绍了 Tekton 的四个核心概念。现在我们已经知道怎么定义 task、执行 task 以及编排 task 了。但可能你还想在 Task 之间共享资源，这就是 PipelineResource 的作用。比如我们可以把 git 仓库信息放在 PipelineResource 中。这样所有 Pipeline 就可以共享这份数据了。

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">piVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: PipelineResource
metadata:
 name: wizzbang-git
 namespace: default
spec:
 type: git
 params:
 - name: url
 value: https://github.com/wizzbangcorp/wizzbang.git
 - name: revision
 value: master
</pre>

授权信息

git 仓库、镜像仓库这些都是需要鉴权才能使用的。所以还需要一种设定鉴权信息的机制。Tekton 本身是 Kubernetes 原生的编排系统。所以可以直接使用 Kubernetes 的 ServiceAccount 机制实现鉴权。

实例如下：

• 定义一个保存镜像仓库鉴权信息的 secret

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
 name: ack-cr-push-secret
 annotations:
 tekton.dev/docker-0: https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
type: kubernetes.io/basic-auth
stringData:
 username: <cleartext non-encoded>
 password: <cleartext non-encoded>
</pre>

• 定义 ServiceAccount ，并且使用上面的 secret

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
 name: pipeline-account
secrets:
- name: ack-cr-push-secret
</pre>

• PipelineRun 中引用 ServiceAccount

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: PipelineRun
metadata:
 generateName: tekton-kn-sample-
spec:
 pipelineRef:
 name: build-and-deploy-pipeline
... ...
 serviceAccount: pipeline-account
</pre>

Hello World

https://github.com/knative-sample/tekton-knative 这是一个完整的 Tekton 的 Helle World。下面我们一起体验一下这个 Helle World。

在开始实战之前你需要有一个 Kubernetes 集群，并还需要安装 Knative 和 Tekton。tekton-knative 中的 release-v0.5.2.yaml 直接提交到 Kubernetes 集群即可完成 Tekton 的安装。下面我们开始体验使用 Tekton 从源码到构建再到部署的自动化过程。

clone 代码

clone 代码到本地。

git clone https://github.com/knative-sample/tekton-knative

创建 PipelineResource

主要内容在 resources/picalc-git.yaml 文件中。如下所示主要是把 https://github.com/knative-sample/tekton-knative 保存在 resource 中给其他资源使用。

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: PipelineResource
metadata:
 name: tekton-knative-git
spec:
 type: git
 params:
 - name: revision
 value: master
 - name: url
 value: https://github.com/knative-sample/tekton-knative
</pre>

创建 task

创建 task，这个例子中我们创建两个 task：source-to-image 和 deploy-using-kubectl

• source-to-image
• 主要内容在 tasks/source-to-image.yaml 文件中。此 task 的主要功能是把源代码编译成镜像。

主要是使用 kaniko 实现容器内编译 Docker 镜像的能力。此 Task 的参数主要是设置编译上下文的一些信息，比如：Dockerfile、ContextPath 以及目标镜像 tag 等。

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Task
metadata:
 name: source-to-image
spec:
 inputs:
 resources:
 - name: git-source
 type: git
 params:
 - name: pathToContext
 description: The path to the build context, used by Kaniko - within the workspace
 default: .
 - name: pathToDockerFile
 description: The path to the dockerfile to build (relative to the context)
 default: Dockerfile
 - name: imageUrl
 description: Url of image repository
 - name: imageTag
 description: Tag to apply to the built image
 default: "latest"
 steps:
 - name: build-and-push
 image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/knative-sample/kaniko-project-executor:v0.10.0
 command:
 - /kaniko/executor
 args:
 - --dockerfile=${inputs.params.pathToDockerFile}
 - --destination=${inputs.params.imageUrl}:${inputs.params.imageTag}
 - --context=/workspace/git-source/${inputs.params.pathToContext}
 env:
 - name: DOCKER_CONFIG
 value: /builder/home/.docker
</pre>

• deploy-using-kubectl
• 主要内容在 tasks/deploy-using-kubectl.yaml 文件中。

如下所示这个 Task 主要的作用是通过参数获取到目标镜像的信息，然后执行一条 sed 命令把 Knative Service yaml 中的 IMAGE 替换成目标镜像。再通过 kubectl 发布到 Kubernetes 中。

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Task
metadata:
 name: deploy-using-kubectl
spec:
 inputs:
 resources:
 - name: git-source
 type: git
 params:
 - name: pathToYamlFile
 description: The path to the yaml file to deploy within the git source
 - name: imageUrl
 description: Url of image repository
 - name: imageTag
 description: Tag of the images to be used.
 default: "latest"
 steps:
 - name: update-yaml
 image: alpine
 command: ["sed"]
 args:
 - "-i"
 - "-e"
 - "s;__IMAGE__;${inputs.params.imageUrl}:${inputs.params.imageTag};g"
 - "/workspace/git-source/${inputs.params.pathToYamlFile}"
 - name: run-kubectl
 image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/knative-sample/kubectl:v0.5.0
 command: ["kubectl"]
 args:
 - "apply"
 - "-f"
 - "/workspace/git-source/${inputs.params.pathToYamlFile}"
</pre>

定义 Pipeline

现在我们已经有两个 Task 了，现在我们就用一个 PIpeline 来编排这两个 Task：

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Pipeline
metadata:
 name: build-and-deploy-pipeline
spec:
 resources:
 - name: git-source
 type: git
 params:
 - name: pathToContext
 description: The path to the build context, used by Kaniko - within the workspace
 default: src
 - name: pathToYamlFile
 description: The path to the yaml file to deploy within the git source
 - name: imageUrl
 description: Url of image repository
 - name: imageTag
 description: Tag to apply to the built image
 tasks:
 - name: source-to-image
 taskRef:
 name: source-to-image
 params:
 - name: pathToContext
 value: "${params.pathToContext}"
 - name: imageUrl
 value: "${params.imageUrl}"
 - name: imageTag
 value: "${params.imageTag}"
 resources:
 inputs:
 - name: git-source
 resource: git-source
 - name: deploy-to-cluster
 taskRef:
 name: deploy-using-kubectl
 runAfter:
 - source-to-image
 params:
 - name: pathToYamlFile
 value: "${params.pathToYamlFile}"
 - name: imageUrl
 value: "${params.imageUrl}"
 - name: imageTag
 value: "${params.imageTag}"
 resources:
 inputs:
 - name: git-source
 resource: git-source
</pre>

鉴权信息

如下所示，定义一个 Secret 和 ServiceAccount。并且给 ServiceAccount 绑定执行 Knative Service 的权限。

首先创建一个 Secret 保存镜像仓库的鉴权信息，如下所示:

• tekton.dev/docker-0 换成你要推送的镜像仓库的地址
• username 换成镜像仓库鉴权的用户名
• password 环境镜像仓库鉴权的密码

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
 name: ack-cr-push-secret
 annotations:
 tekton.dev/docker-0: https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
type: kubernetes.io/basic-auth
stringData:
 username: <cleartext non-encoded>
 password: <cleartext non-encoded>
</pre>

下面这些信息保存到文件中，然后使用 kubectl apply -f 指令提交到 Kubernetes

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
 name: pipeline-account
secrets:
- name: ack-cr-push-secret
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
 name: kube-api-secret
 annotations:
 kubernetes.io/service-account.name: pipeline-account
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
 name: pipeline-role
rules:
- apiGroups: ["serving.knative.dev"]
 resources: ["services"]
 verbs: ["get", "create", "update", "patch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
 name: pipeline-role-binding
roleRef:
 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 kind: Role
 name: pipeline-role
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
 name: pipeline-account
</pre>

定义 PIpelineRun

ServiceAccount 对应的鉴权信息是通过和 PIpelineRun 绑定的方式执行的。参见 run/picalc-pipeline-run.yaml 文件

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: PipelineRun
metadata:
 generateName: tekton-kn-sample-
spec:
 pipelineRef:
 name: build-and-deploy-pipeline
 resources:
 - name: git-source
 resourceRef:
 name: tekton-knative-git
 params:
 - name: pathToContext
 value: "src"
 - name: pathToYamlFile
 value: "knative/helloworld-go.yaml"
 - name: imageUrl
 value: "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/knative-sample/tekton-knative-helloworld"
 - name: imageTag
 value: "1.0"
 trigger:
 type: manual
 serviceAccount: pipeline-account
</pre>

执行 HelloWorld

准备 PIpeline 的资源

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">kubectl apply -f tasks/source-to-image.yaml -f tasks/deploy-using-kubectl.yaml -f resources/picalc-git.yaml -f image-secret.yaml -f pipeline-account.yaml -f pipeline/build-and-deploy-pipeline.yaml 
</pre>

执行 create 把 pipelieRun 提交到 Kubernetes 集群。之所以这里使用 create 而不是使用 apply 是因为 PIpelineRun 每次都会创建一个新的，kubectl 的 create 指令会基于 generateName 创建新的 PIpelineRun 资源。

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">kubectl create -f run/picalc-pipeline-run.yaml 
</pre>

查看一下 pod 信息可能是下面这样：

<pre style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">└─# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
tekton-kn-sample-45d84-deploy-to-cluster-wfrzx-pod-f093ef 0/3 Completed 0 8h
tekton-kn-sample-45d84-source-to-image-7zpqn-pod-c2d20c 0/2 Completed 0 8h
</pre>

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作者：冬岛
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