python中类的定义和使用

参考文章：https://www.cnblogs.com/chenxiaoyong/p/6279874.html

类的定义

class Hotel(object):
    """docstring for Hotel"""
    def __init__(self, room, cf=1.0, br=15):
        self.room = room
        self.cf = cf
        self.br = br

    def cacl_all(self, days=1):
        return (self.room * self.cf + self.br) * days

测试

if __name__ == '__main__':
    stdroom = Hotel(200)
    big_room = Hotel(230, 0.9)
    print stdroom.cacl_all()
    print stdroom.cacl_all(2)
    print big_room.cacl_all()
    print big_room.cacl_all(3)

类的继承

父类

class AddBook(object):
    def __init__(self, name, phone):
        self.name = name
        self.phone = phone

    def get_phone(self):
        return self.phone

子类继承父类

class EmplEmail(AddBook):
    def __init__(self, nm, ph, email):
        # AddBook.__init__(self, nm, ph) # 调用父类方法一
        super(EmplEmail, self).__init__(nm, ph) # 调用父类方法二
        self.email = email

    def get_email(self):
        return self.email

测试

if __name__ == "__main__":
    Detian = AddBook('handetian', '18210413001')
    Meng = AddBook('shaomeng', '18210413002')

    print Detian.get_phone()
    print AddBook.get_phone(Meng) # 注意这种调用方式

    alice = EmplEmail('alice', '18210418888', 'alice@xkops.com')
    print alice.get_email(), alice.get_phone()

类的组合使用

先定义一个类

class Info(object):
    def __init__(self, phone, email, qq):
        self.phone = phone
        self.email = email
        self.qq = qq

    def get_phone(self):
        return self.phone

    def update_phone(self, newphone):
        self.phone = newphone
        print "手机号更改已更改"

    def get_email(self):
        return self.email

在另一个类中将其作为成员

class AddrBook(object):
    '''docstring for AddBook'''
    def __init__(self, name, phone, email, qq):
        self.name = name
        self.info = Info(phone, email, qq)

测试

if __name__ == "__main__":
    Detian = AddrBook('handetian', '18210413001', 'detian@xkops.com', '123456')
    print Detian.info.get_phone()
    Detian.info.update_phone(18210413002)
    print Detian.info.get_phone()
    print Detian.info.get_email()

内置功能

class Books(object):
    def __init__(self, title, author):
        self.title = title
        self.author = author

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.title

    def __call__(self):
        print "%s is written by %s" %(self.title, self.author)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pybook = Books('Core Python', 'Wesley')
    print pybook # 调用__str__，如果不存在则调用__repr__
    pybook() # 调用__call__

操作符的重载

class  Number(object):
    """Custum object
    add/radd -> +; 
    sub/rsub -> -;
    mul/rmul -> *;
    div/rdiv -> /;
    """
    def __init__(self, number):
        self.number = number

    def __add__(self, other):
        return self.number + other        

    def __radd__(self, other):
        return self.number  + other

    def __sub__(self, other):
        return self.number - other

    def __rsub__(self, other):
        return other - self.number

    def __gt__(self, other):
        if self.number > other:
            return True
        return False

if __name__ == '__main__':
    num = Number(10)
    print num + 20
    print 30 + num
    print num - 5
    print 11 - num
    print num > 20