发布 APK 到 Google Play 之 uses-feat

在发布应用到 Google Play 之前有一个细节可能很多人会忽略，这就是 <uses-featrue> 的配置。

什么是 <uses-featrue>？

所谓 <uses-featrue> 就是 Android 官方为发布到 Google Play 的程序建立的一套筛选机制。每一个 <uses-featrue> 都声明了对某种系统资源的硬性要求，在编译阶段，会自动根据我们程序中调用到的资源来添加。 Google Play 会读取 APK 文件信息中的 <uses-featrue>，当用户检索应用的时候，会自动过滤掉那些他们可能无法适用的应用程序。

比如，我们的应用中某个地方使用到了蓝牙操作，编译时，Android 编译系统会自动在我们的 APK 文件信息中增加对蓝牙的 <uses-featrue> 声明，大概长这个样子：

 <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth" android:required="true" />

如此，不具有蓝牙模块的设备在 Google Play 中检索应用时，将无法看到我们的应用。

为什么我们需要去配置 <uses-featrue> ？

前文说明了，默认状态下 <uses-featrue> 是自动生成了，所以看起来我们不需要去手动配置，但问题是编译系统其实没有那么智能，可以直接筛选出必要的设备需求，现实情况是只要我们程序中有引用到某种资源（可能这种资源并不是必要的），最终的 APK 信息中就会包含这种资源的 <uses-featrue> 声明。

当然，我们希望我们的应用能有尽可能多的受众，所以发布到 Google Play 之前进行 <uses-featrue> 的配置，避免因为使用了某种不必要的资源被 Google Play 过滤掉，就显得有必要了。

如何去配置 <uses-featrue>？

网上有很多介绍 <uses-featrue> 的文档，这里就不做搬运工了，本文只介绍如何查看 APK 文件的 <uses-featrue> 和配置方法。

步骤一：查看 APK 文件的 <uses-featrue>>

环境需要 : Android SDK

我们需要使用 Android SDK 工具中的 aapt 工具，其路径一般是在：

你的 SDK 路径\build-tools\对应编译工具版本目录\

这个路径下有很多编译工具，我们用的 aapt 工具就在这里。

找到后，切换到上述目录下，运行命令：

aapt dump badging demo.apk

将上面的 demo.apk 换成你的 APK 名字就可以了。回车执行命令后，会输入整个 APK 的信息，如下是微信的 APK 信息：

package: name='com.tencent.mm' 
versionCode='861' 
versionName='6.3.25' 
platformBuildVersionName='6.0-2704002'
install-location:'auto'sdkVersion:'15'
targetSdkVersion:'23'
uses-permission: name='com.tencent.mm.plugin.permission.READ'
uses-permission: name='com.tencent.mm.plugin.permission.WRITE'
uses-permission: name='com.tencent.mm.permission.MM_MESSAGE'
uses-permission: name='com.huawei.authentication.HW_ACCESS_AUTH_SERVICE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.CAMERA'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.GET_TASKS'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.INTERNET'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_CONTACTS'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_SMS'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.VIBRATE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.WAKE_LOCK'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS'
uses-permission: name='com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT'
uses-permission: name='com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT'
uses-permission: name='com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS'
uses-permission: name='com.tencent.mm.location.permission.SEND_VIEW'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.BLUETOOTH'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.DOWNLOAD_WITHOUT_NOTIFICATION'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.NFC'
uses-permission: name='com.huawei.android.launcher.permission.CHANGE_BADGE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_APP_BADGE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE'
uses-permission: name='com.tencent.mm.ext.permission.READ'
uses-permission: name='com.tencent.mm.ext.permission.WRITE'
uses-permission: name='com.android.vending.BILLING'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE'
uses-permission: name='com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM'
uses-permission: name='com.tencent.mm.wear.message'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.BODY_SENSORS'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.USE_CREDENTIALS'
uses-permission: name='com.google.android.c2dm.permission.RECEIVE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS'
uses-permission: name='com.tencent.mm.permission.C2D_MESSAGE'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.MANAGE_ACCOUNTS'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.AUTHENTICATE_ACCOUNTS'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS'
uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_PROFILE
'application-label:'WeChat'
application-label-az-AZ:'WeChat'
application-label-bn-BD:'WeChat'
application-label-en:'WeChat'
application-label-en-AU:'WeChat'
application-label-en-GB:'WeChat'
application-label-en-IN:'WeChat'
application-label-es-US:'WeChat'
application-label-et-EE:'WeChat'
application-label-eu-ES:'WeChat'
application-label-fa:'WeChat'
application-label-fr-CA:'WeChat'
application-label-gl-ES:'WeChat'
application-label-gu-IN:'WeChat'
application-label-hy-AM:'WeChat'
application-label-is-IS:'WeChat'
application-label-ka-GE:'WeChat'
application-label-kk-KZ:'WeChat'
application-label-km-KH:'WeChat'
application-label-kn-IN:'WeChat'
application-label-ky-KG:'WeChat'
application-label-lo-LA:'WeChat'
application-label-mk-MK:'WeChat'
application-label-ml-IN:'WeChat'
application-label-mn-MN:'WeChat'
application-label-mr-IN:'WeChat'
application-label-ms-MY:'WeChat'
application-label-my-MM:'WeChat'
application-label-ne-NP:'WeChat'
application-label-pa-IN:'WeChat'
application-label-pt-BR:'WeChat'
application-label-pt-PT:'WeChat'
application-label-si-LK:'WeChat'
application-label-sq-AL:'WeChat'
application-label-sr:'WeChat'
application-label-sv:'WeChat'
application-label-sw:'WeChat'
application-label-ta-IN:'WeChat'
application-label-te-IN:'WeChat'
application-label-tl:'WeChat'
application-label-uk:'WeChat'
application-label-ur-PK:'WeChat'
application-label-uz-UZ:'WeChat'
application-label-zh-CN:'寰俊'
application-label-zh-TW:'WeChat'
application-label-zu:'WeChat'
application-icon-120:'r/j/icon.png'
application-icon-160:'r/j/icon.png'
application-icon-213:'r/y/icon.png'
application-icon-240:'r/y/icon.png'
application-icon-320:'r/a0/icon.png'
application-icon-480:'r/a2/icon.png'
application-icon-640:'r/a2/icon.png'
application: label='WeChat' 
icon='r/j/icon.png'
uses-library-not-required:'com.google.android.maps'
uses-library-not-required:'com.sec.android.app.multiwindow'
launchable-activity: name='com.tencent.mm.ui.LauncherUI' 
label='WeChat' 
icon=''
uses-library-not-required:'com.here.android'
feature-group: 
label='' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.bluetooth' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.bluetooth_le' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.camera' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.camera.autofocus' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.location' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.location.gps' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.location.network' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.microphone' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.telephony' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.touchscreen' 
uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.wifi' 
uses-feature: name='android.hardware.screen.portrait' 
uses-implied-feature: name='android.hardware.screen.portrait' 
reason='one or more activities have specified a portrait orientation'
mainother-activitiesother-receiversother-services
supports-screens: 'small' 'normal' 'large' 'xlarge'
supports-any-density: 'true'locales: '--_--' 'az-AZ' 'bn-BD' 'en' 'en-AU' 'en-GB' 'en-IN' 'es-US' 'et-EE' 'eu-ES' 'fa' 'fr-CA' 'gl-ES' 'gu-IN' 'hy-AM' 'is-IS' 'ka-GE' 'kk-KZ' 'km-KH' 'kn-IN' 'ky-KG' 'lo-LA' 'mk-MK' 'ml-IN' 'mn-MN' 'mr-IN' 'ms-MY' 'my-MM' 'ne-NP' 'pa-IN' 'pt-BR' 'pt-PT' 'si-LK' 'sq-AL' 'sr' 'sv' 'sw' 'ta-IN' 'te-IN' 'tl' 'uk' 'ur-PK' 'uz-UZ' 'zh-CN' 'zh-TW' 'zu'
densities: '120' '160' '213' '240' '320' '480' '640'
native-code: 'armeabi' 'lib/'

可以看到，下面的以 uses-feature 打头的信息就是了，发现没有，微信使用了很多uses-feature-not-required的声明，这就是我们接下来需要做的事情了。

步骤二：声明不必要的资源

如上面微信的那样，我们声明那些不必要的资源，告诉 Google Play 在不具备这些资源的设备上显示我们。

经过步骤一，我们已经可以拿到自己应用的 APK 信息了，跟声明应用权限很类似，我们只需要在 Androidmainfest.xml 文件中声明对应不需要的信息为 false 就可以了，比如声明上面的蓝牙信息为不必要：

<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth" android:required="false" />

这样再使用步骤一的命令查看应用信息，就会看到uses-feature-not-required： name='android.hardware.bluetooth' 了，如此没有蓝牙设备的用户就会在 Google Play 中看到我们了。