Activity 启动流程听起来非常复杂，但实际上很多东西我们没必要完全掌握，只需要去大概理解原理和流程就行。
名词解释
zygote 意思为受精卵 为所有进程的父进程
1. 流程的发起
从startActivity开始看起
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this call for compatibility with
// applications that may have overridden the method.
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}
最终调用的是 startActivityForResult
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
@Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
...
}
}
在这个方法里看到了久仰大名的Instrumentation 这个类是Application和Activity生命周期的关键，然后去看 execStartActivity
int result = ActivityTaskManager.getService()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options);
只挑了里面的关键部分，又看到了不得了的东西 ActivityTaskManager.getService()，看着好像另一个大名鼎鼎的ActivityManagerService 啊，看一下getService方法
public static IActivityTaskManager getService() {
return IActivityTaskManagerSingleton.get();
}
@UnsupportedAppUsage(trackingBug = 129726065)
private static final Singleton<IActivityTaskManager> IActivityTaskManagerSingleton =
new Singleton<IActivityTaskManager>() {
@Override
protected IActivityTaskManager create() {
final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_TASK_SERVICE);
return IActivityTaskManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
}
};
但是这里拿到的不是ActivityManagerService
而是**ActivityTaskManagerService **，然后再去调用它的 startActivityAsUser
private int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
@Nullable String callingFeatureId, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId, boolean validateIncomingUser) {
assertPackageMatchesCallingUid(callingPackage);
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startActivityAsUser");
userId = getActivityStartController().checkTargetUser(userId, validateIncomingUser,
Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), "startActivityAsUser");
// TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
return getActivityStartController().obtainStarter(intent, "startActivityAsUser")
.setCaller(caller)
.setCallingPackage(callingPackage)
.setCallingFeatureId(callingFeatureId)
.setResolvedType(resolvedType)
.setResultTo(resultTo)
.setResultWho(resultWho)
.setRequestCode(requestCode)
.setStartFlags(startFlags)
.setProfilerInfo(profilerInfo)
.setActivityOptions(bOptions)
.setUserId(userId)
.execute();
}
到了这一层感觉就看不懂了，不知道的东西太多，就不深入探究了
这就是第一步过程，应用进程调用ATMS系统进程发起打开Activity的请求，ATMS 是10.0才有的，分担了一些AMS的工作，其内部也有很多是调用AMS完成的。用一张图表示
image.png
从先在开始启动流程就进入到系统进程中了。
2. 系统进程对创建Activity的处理
2.1 ATMS 发起打开Activity或者是创建进程的请求
image.png
ActivityTaskManagerService 最终会执行 ActivityStarter.execute方法
int execute() {
try {
// TODO(b/64750076): Look into passing request directly to these methods to allow
// for transactional diffs and preprocessing.
if (mRequest.mayWait) {
return startActivityMayWait(mRequest.caller, mRequest.callingUid,
mRequest.callingPackage, mRequest.realCallingPid, mRequest.realCallingUid,
mRequest.intent, mRequest.resolvedType,
mRequest.voiceSession, mRequest.voiceInteractor, mRequest.resultTo,
mRequest.resultWho, mRequest.requestCode, mRequest.startFlags,
mRequest.profilerInfo, mRequest.waitResult, mRequest.globalConfig,
mRequest.activityOptions, mRequest.ignoreTargetSecurity, mRequest.userId,
mRequest.inTask, mRequest.reason,
mRequest.allowPendingRemoteAnimationRegistryLookup,
mRequest.originatingPendingIntent, mRequest.allowBackgroundActivityStart);
} else {
return startActivity(mRequest.caller, mRequest.intent, mRequest.ephemeralIntent,
mRequest.resolvedType, mRequest.activityInfo, mRequest.resolveInfo,
mRequest.voiceSession, mRequest.voiceInteractor, mRequest.resultTo,
mRequest.resultWho, mRequest.requestCode, mRequest.callingPid,
mRequest.callingUid, mRequest.callingPackage, mRequest.realCallingPid,
mRequest.realCallingUid, mRequest.startFlags, mRequest.activityOptions,
mRequest.ignoreTargetSecurity, mRequest.componentSpecified,
mRequest.outActivity, mRequest.inTask, mRequest.reason,
mRequest.allowPendingRemoteAnimationRegistryLookup,
mRequest.originatingPendingIntent, mRequest.allowBackgroundActivityStart);
}
} finally {
onExecutionComplete();
}
}
上面这个分叉最终都会走到 startActivity
里面又调用了startActivityUnchecked方法，之后调用RootActivityContainer的resumeFocusedStacksTopActivities方法。RootActivityContainer是Android10新增的类，分担了之前ActivityStackSupervisor的部分功能。接着跳转到ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked方法然后又调用resumeTopActivityInnerLocked，中间没有什么逻辑需要看的，所以就跳过了，直接看resumeTopActivityInnerLocked：
private boolean resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
...
boolean pausing = getDisplay().pauseBackStacks(userLeaving, next, false);
if (mResumedActivity != null) {
if (DEBUG_STATES) Slog.d(TAG_STATES,
"resumeTopActivityLocked: Pausing " + mResumedActivity);
// 暂停上一个Activity
pausing |= startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false, next, false);
}
...
//这里next.attachedToProcess()，只有启动了的Activity才会返回true
if (next.attachedToProcess()) {
...
try {
final ClientTransaction transaction =
ClientTransaction.obtain(next.app.getThread(), next.appToken);
...
//启动了的Activity就发送ResumeActivityItem事务给客户端了，后面会讲到
transaction.setLifecycleStateRequest(
ResumeActivityItem.obtain(next.app.getReportedProcState(),
getDisplay().mDisplayContent.isNextTransitionForward()));
mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction(transaction);
....
} catch (Exception e) {
....
mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, false);
return true;
}
....
} else {
....
if (SHOW_APP_STARTING_PREVIEW) {
//这里就是 冷启动时 出现白屏 的原因了：取根activity的主题背景 展示StartingWindow
next.showStartingWindow(null , false ,false);
}
// 继续当前Activity，普通activity的正常启动 关注这里即可
mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true);
}
return true;
}
这里先暂停上个Activity，然后再进入到 ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked方法中
void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
// Is this activity's application already running?
final WindowProcessController wpc =
mService.getProcessController(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo.uid);
boolean knownToBeDead = false;
if (wpc != null && wpc.hasThread()) {
try {
realStartActivityLocked(r, wpc, andResume, checkConfig);
return;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting activity "
+ r.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e);
}
knownToBeDead = true;
}
...
try {
if (Trace.isTagEnabled(TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER)) {
Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "dispatchingStartProcess:"
+ r.processName);
}
// 上面的wpc != null && wpc.hasThread()不满足的话，说明没有进程，就会取创建进程
final Message msg = PooledLambda.obtainMessage(
ActivityManagerInternal::startProcess, mService.mAmInternal, r.processName,
r.info.applicationInfo, knownToBeDead, "activity", r.intent.getComponent());
mService.mH.sendMessage(msg);
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
}
}
这里 会先判断进程有没创建，创建的话会进入 realStartActivityLocked，没开启的话会调用 ActivityManagerInternal.startProgress，下面我们先看进程以已经创建的情况
2.2 在当前进程开启Activity
当前进程指的是APP进程，不是系统进程
进入realStartActivityLocked
boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, WindowProcessController proc,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException {
...
// Create activity launch transaction.
final ClientTransaction clientTransaction = ClientTransaction.obtain(
proc.getThread(), r.appToken);
final DisplayContent dc = r.getDisplay().mDisplayContent;
clientTransaction.addCallback(LaunchActivityItem.obtain(new Intent(r.intent),
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info,
// TODO: Have this take the merged configuration instead of separate global
// and override configs.
mergedConfiguration.getGlobalConfiguration(),
mergedConfiguration.getOverrideConfiguration(), r.compat,
r.launchedFromPackage, task.voiceInteractor, proc.getReportedProcState(),
r.icicle, r.persistentState, results, newIntents,
dc.isNextTransitionForward(), proc.createProfilerInfoIfNeeded(),
r.assistToken));
// Set desired final state.
final ActivityLifecycleItem lifecycleItem;
if (andResume) {
lifecycleItem = ResumeActivityItem.obtain(dc.isNextTransitionForward());
} else {
lifecycleItem = PauseActivityItem.obtain();
}
clientTransaction.setLifecycleStateRequest(lifecycleItem);
// Schedule transaction.
mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction(clientTransaction);
...
return true;
}
中间有段代码如上，通过 ClientTransaction.obtain( proc.getThread(), r.appToken)获取了clientTransaction，其中参数proc.getThread()是IApplicationThread，就是前面提到的ApplicationThread在系统进程的代理。
ClientTransaction是包含一系列的待客户端处理的事务的容器，客户端接收后取出事务并执行。
接着看，使用clientTransaction.addCallback添加了LaunchActivityItem实例：
//都是用来发送到客户端的
private List<ClientTransactionItem> mActivityCallbacks;
public void addCallback(ClientTransactionItem activityCallback) {
if (mActivityCallbacks == null) {
mActivityCallbacks = new ArrayList<>();
}
mActivityCallbacks.add(activityCallback);
}
LaunchActivityItem看名字就像是启动Activity的，走到这里只是把
LaunchActivityItem保存了起来，那再回到realStartActivityLocked 中，接着调用了mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction(clientTransaction)，mService是ActivityTaskManagerService，getLifecycleManager()方法获取的是ClientLifecycleManager实例，它的scheduleTransaction方法如下：
void scheduleTransaction(ClientTransaction transaction) throws RemoteException {
final IApplicationThread client = transaction.getClient();
transaction.schedule();
if (!(client instanceof Binder)) {
transaction.recycle();
}
}
看一下 ClientTransaction.schedule();
public void schedule() throws RemoteException {
mClient.scheduleTransaction(this);
}
这个Client 就是ApplicationThread 下面启动进程的时候会讲到这个东西就是系统进程给APP进程通信的媒介，所以这一步就又回到APP进程了。
2.3 回到APP进程 进行创建Activity的后续操作
ApplicationThread 的scheduleTransaction 调用的是ActivityThread 的scheduleTransaction，是在它的父类ClientTransactionHandler中实现的：
void scheduleTransaction(ClientTransaction transaction) {
transaction.preExecute(this);
sendMessage(ActivityThread.H.EXECUTE_TRANSACTION, transaction);
}
这里发送了一个消息，最终由ActivityThread的H(一个Handler)处理，为什么要使用Handler呢，因为scheduleTransaction方法是被系统进程调用的，跨进程的方法调用都发生在Binder的线程池中
所以在这里要发送到主线程执行
最终是这样执行的：
case EXECUTE_TRANSACTION:
final ClientTransaction transaction = (ClientTransaction) msg.obj;
mTransactionExecutor.execute(transaction);
if (isSystem()) {
// Client transactions inside system process are recycled on the client side
// instead of ClientLifecycleManager to avoid being cleared before this
// message is handled.
transaction.recycle();
}
break;
又交给了mTransactionExecutor这个对象处理，但是最终还是交给了ActivityThread 的 handleLaunchActivity。
下面就进入到另一个核心部分，创建Activity和Activity生命周期的管理
2.4 创建Activity以及Activity生命周期的管理
进入handleLaunchActivity
public Activity handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r,
PendingTransactionActions pendingActions, Intent customIntent) {
...
final Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
...
return a;
}
继续跟performLaunchActivity方法，这里就是activity 启动的核心实现了：
/** activity 启动的核心实现. */
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
//1、从ActivityClientRecord获取待启动的Activity的组件信息
ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
if (r.packageInfo == null) {
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo,
Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
}
ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
if (component == null) {
component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
r.intent.setComponent(component);
}
if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
}
//创建ContextImpl对象
ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
Activity activity = null;
try {
//2、创建activity实例
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
..
}
try {
//3、创建Application对象（如果没有的话）
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
...
if (activity != null) {
CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration);
if (r.overrideConfig != null) {
config.updateFrom(r.overrideConfig);
}
Window window = null;
if (r.mPendingRemoveWindow != null && r.mPreserveWindow) {
window = r.mPendingRemoveWindow;
r.mPendingRemoveWindow = null;
r.mPendingRemoveWindowManager = null;
}
appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
//4、attach方法为activity关联上下文环境
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback,
r.assistToken);
if (customIntent != null) {
activity.mIntent = customIntent;
}
r.lastNonConfigurationInstances = null;
checkAndBlockForNetworkAccess();
activity.mStartedActivity = false;
int theme = r.activityInfo.getThemeResource();
if (theme != 0) {
activity.setTheme(theme);
}
activity.mCalled = false;
//5、调用生命周期onCreate
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
}
if (!activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onCreate()");
}
r.activity = activity;
}
r.setState(ON_CREATE);
synchronized (mResourcesManager) {
mActivities.put(r.token, r);
}
}
...
return activity;
}
performLaunchActivity主要完成以下事情：
从ActivityClientRecord获取待启动的Activity的组件信息
通过mInstrumentation.newActivity方法使用类加载器创建activity实例
通过LoadedApk的makeApplication方法创建Application对象，内部也是通过mInstrumentation使用类加载器，创建后就调用了instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate方法，也就是Application的onCreate方法。
创建ContextImpl对象并通过activity.attach方法对重要数据初始化，关联了Context的具体实现ContextImpl，attach方法内部还完成了window创建，这样Window接收到外部事件后就能传递给Activity了。
调用Activity的onCreate方法，是通过 mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate方法完成，Activity就创建完成了。
那onStart 和 onResume是什么时候调用的呢
我们再来重新看看在ActivityStackSupervisor的realStartActivityLocked方法：
boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, WindowProcessController proc,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException {
...
// Create activity launch transaction.
final ClientTransaction clientTransaction = ClientTransaction.obtain(
proc.getThread(), r.appToken);
final DisplayContent dc = r.getDisplay().mDisplayContent;
clientTransaction.addCallback(LaunchActivityItem.obtain(new Intent(r.intent),
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info,
mergedConfiguration.getGlobalConfiguration(),
mergedConfiguration.getOverrideConfiguration(), r.compat,
r.launchedFromPackage, task.voiceInteractor, proc.getReportedProcState(),
r.icicle, r.persistentState, results, newIntents,
dc.isNextTransitionForward(), proc.createProfilerInfoIfNeeded(),
r.assistToken));
// Set desired final state.
final ActivityLifecycleItem lifecycleItem;
//这里ResumeActivityItem
if (andResume) {
lifecycleItem = ResumeActivityItem.obtain(dc.isNextTransitionForward());
} else {
lifecycleItem = PauseActivityItem.obtain();
}
clientTransaction.setLifecycleStateRequest(lifecycleItem);
// Schedule transaction.
mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction(clientTransaction);
...
return true;
}
可以看到里面有一个 ResumeActivityItem 然后调用了mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction，这个刚才说了会调用到ActivityThread里的方法，其实最后调用了ActivityThread的handleResumeActivity方法：
@Override
public void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean finalStateRequest, boolean isForward,
String reason) {
...
// performResumeActivity内部会走onStart、onResume
final ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, finalStateRequest, reason);
if (r == null) {
// We didn't actually resume the activity, so skipping any follow-up actions.
return;
}
...
if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
a.mDecor = decor;
l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
if (r.mPreserveWindow) {
a.mWindowAdded = true;
r.mPreserveWindow = false;
ViewRootImpl impl = decor.getViewRootImpl();
if (impl != null) {
impl.notifyChildRebuilt();
}
}
...
if (!r.activity.mFinished && willBeVisible && r.activity.mDecor != null && !r.hideForNow) {
if (r.newConfig != null) {
performConfigurationChangedForActivity(r, r.newConfig);
if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) {
Slog.v(TAG, "Resuming activity " + r.activityInfo.name + " with newConfig "
+ r.activity.mCurrentConfig);
}
r.newConfig = null;
}
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Resuming " + r + " with isForward=" + isForward);
WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
if ((l.softInputMode
& WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION)
!= forwardBit) {
l.softInputMode = (l.softInputMode
& (~WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION))
| forwardBit;
if (r.activity.mVisibleFromClient) {
ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
wm.updateViewLayout(decor, l);
}
}
r.activity.mVisibleFromServer = true;
mNumVisibleActivities++;
if (r.activity.mVisibleFromClient) {
//添加window、设置可见
r.activity.makeVisible();
}
}
r.nextIdle = mNewActivities;
mNewActivities = r;
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Scheduling idle handler for " + r);
Looper.myQueue().addIdleHandler(new Idler());
}
handleResumeActivity主要做了以下事情：
- 调用生命周期：通过performResumeActivity方法，内部调用生命周期onStart、onResume方法
- 设置视图可见：通过activity.makeVisible方法，添加window、设置可见。（所以视图的真正可见是在onResume方法之后）
到这里一个Activity就真正显示出来了
3 创建进程
下面开始看进程不存在的情况，会调用ActivityManagerInternal::startProcess ActivityManagerInternal 是一个抽象类，具体的实现类时 AMS 中的 LocalService，具体代码就不看了，很复杂，最后AMS 会通过socket与Zygote进行通信去创建APP进程**，Zygote会fork一个进程出来
为什么这里使用Socket与zygote进行通信呢，可以参考这篇文章为什么systemServer进程与zygote进程的通信是使用socket而不是binder？
APP进程创建好之后 就会执行ActivityThread的main方，这就是Android 每个进程的入口方法
public static void main(String[] args) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ActivityThreadMain");
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
// CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy. We
// disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via
// StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs.
CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);
Environment.initForCurrentUser();
// Set the reporter for event logging in libcore
EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter());
// Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates
final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId());
TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir);
Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
}
// End of event ActivityThreadMain.
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
这里面有很多内容，最重要的两个是：
1. 执行了Looper.prepareMainLooper()，这会在主线程中创建一个Looper，然后调用Looper.loop 开启无限循环，这就是Android 中消息机制的核心
2. 创建了一个ActivityThread，并调用attach方法
里面又创建了一个ActivityThread对象，因为main方法是static的，所以在调用的时候是不存在ActivityThread对象的，之前包括之后使用的所有ActivityThread都是在这创建出来的。然后调用了它的attach：
image.png
这个方法的主要目的是将APP进程中的 ApplicationThread 传递给AMS，之后AMS进程与APP进程的通信就靠它了。
下面是ActivityManagerService的attachApplicationLocked：
private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
int pid, int callingUid, long startSeq) {
...
//1、IPC操作，创建绑定Application
thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers, null, profilerInfo,
null, null, null, testMode,
mBinderTransactionTrackingEnabled, enableTrackAllocation,
isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.isPersistent(),
new Configuration(app.getWindowProcessController().getConfiguration()),
app.compat, getCommonServicesLocked(app.isolated),
mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked(),
buildSerial, autofillOptions, contentCaptureOptions);
...
// 2、赋值IApplicationThread
app.makeActive(thread, mProcessStats);
...
// See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process...
if (normalMode) {
try {
//3、通过ATMS启动 根activity
didSomething = mAtmInternal.attachApplication(app.getWindowProcessController());
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown launching activities in " + app, e);
badApp = true;
}
}
...
}
AMS的attachApplicationLocked方法主要三件事：
- 调用IApplicationThread的bindApplication方法，IPC操作，创建绑定Application；
- 通过makeActive方法赋值IApplicationThread
- 通过ATMS启动 根activity
先看一下第一个ApplicationThread.bindApplication：
image.png
image.png
初始化了一大堆东西，最后发送了一条消息
image.png
ActivityThread 内部的Handler在收到这条消息之后调用了handleBindApplication方法创建了Instrumentation
image.png
然后又创建了Application
image.png
Application 最终还是在 Instrumentation中创建的
public Application newApplication(ClassLoader cl, String className, Context context)
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
ClassNotFoundException {
Application app = getFactory(context.getPackageName())
.instantiateApplication(cl, className);
app.attach(context);
return app;
}
创建完Application 会将外部创建的 ContextImpl 作为baseContext传递给Application，然后又通过Instrumentation 调用了 callApplicationOnCreate
image.png
第二件事就是将APP进程内的ApplicationThread保存下来
再来看 根activity 的启动，回到上面AMS的attachApplicationLocked方法，调用了mAtmInternal.attachApplication方法，mAtmInternal是ActivityTaskManagerInternal实例，具体实现是在ActivityTaskManagerService的内部类LocalService，去看看：
//ActivityTaskManagerService#LocalService
public boolean attachApplication(WindowProcessController wpc) throws RemoteException {
synchronized (mGlobalLockWithoutBoost) {
return mRootActivityContainer.attachApplication(wpc);
}
}
mRootActivityContainer是RootActivityContainer实例，看下它的attachApplication方法：
boolean attachApplication(WindowProcessController app) throws RemoteException {
final String processName = app.mName;
boolean didSomething = false;
for (int displayNdx = mActivityDisplays.size() - 1; displayNdx >= 0; --displayNdx) {
final ActivityDisplay display = mActivityDisplays.get(displayNdx);
final ActivityStack stack = display.getFocusedStack();
if (stack != null) {
stack.getAllRunningVisibleActivitiesLocked(mTmpActivityList);
final ActivityRecord top = stack.topRunningActivityLocked();
final int size = mTmpActivityList.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
final ActivityRecord activity = mTmpActivityList.get(i);
if (activity.app == null && app.mUid == activity.info.applicationInfo.uid
&& processName.equals(activity.processName)) {
try {
if (mStackSupervisor.realStartActivityLocked(activity, app,
top == activity /* andResume */, true /* checkConfig */)) {
didSomething = true;
}
}
...
}
}
}
}
if (!didSomething) {
ensureActivitiesVisible(null, 0, false /* preserve_windows */);
}
return didSomething;
}
眼神好的人看到了realStartActivityLocked，这不又回到了2.2小节了吗，后面的流程就一样了。
至此Activity启动流程就完成了
总结
Activity的启动总体是职责与操作系统中的进程管理和调度模块相类似，因此它在Android中非常一波三折，流程还是很长的
先解释一下几个比较重要的类：
- **Instrumentation **负责 Application 和 四大组件生命周期调用
- ActivityTaskManagerService & ActivityMangerService 也就是常说的 ATMS 和 AMS， 是在系统进程中的实例，Android中最核心的服务之一，负责系统中四大组件的启动、切换、调度及应用进程的管理和调度等工作，其重要，它本身也是一个Binder的实现类。
- ApplicationThread 是ActivityThread的内部类，继承IApplicationThread.Stub，是一个IBinder，是ActiivtyThread和AMS通信的桥梁，AMS则通过代理调用此App进程的本地方法，运行在Binder线程池
- ActivityThread 应用的入口类，系统通过调用main函数，开启消息循环队列。ActivityThread所在线程被称为应用的主线程（UI线程）
整个流程可以分为下面几部
- Activity调用startActivity 走到了 Instrumentation，然后Instrumentation 拿到ATMS 调用ATMS 的startActivity 进入了系统进程内
- 然后ATMS 和 AMS 一连串的调用到了ActivityStackSupervisor 的
startSpecificActivityLocked，在这里先判断Activity所在的进程有没有被创建，如果没创建就走到 LocalService.startProgress 创建进程，如果已经创建了进程就直接到第6步 - 创建完进程之后 会通过反射调用ActivityThread的main方法进入Android的主线程 创建无限循环的Looper，然后创建一个ActivityThread 实例，调用attach方法，里面又调用了AMS的 attachApplicationLocked，将APP进程中的ApplicationThread传递给AMS 用于两个进程绑定，从这开始又进入了系统进程（这一步才开始APP进程与系统进程的交互，前面的都是启动Activity的那个进程和系统进程的交互）
- AMS 进行了一系列准备工作 然后又调用了ActivityThread 的 bindApplication方法，这个方法里会调用Instrumentation创建Application，调用Application的attachBaseContext和onCreate方法，Application就创建完毕了
- 再调用ActivityThread .bindApplication创建完APP进程的Application之后，调用了AMS中的attachApplication，里面又调用了ActivityStackSupervisor.realStartActivityLocked 方法
6.从 realStartActivityLocked 开始真正的开启Activity启动，在这之前会先pause上一个Activity,然后创建LacunchActivityItem和 ResumeLauncherActivity，然后将LacunchActivityItem通ApplicationThread发送给APP进程的ActivityThread - 这一步开始又回到了APP进程，ActivityThread通过Handler来处理事件，最后调用到了自己的performLaunchActivity方法，然后通过Instrumentation的newActivity方法反射创建了Activity实例，然后调用activity.attach进行方法关联Context 初始化window等方法，然后调用Activity的onCreate方法，到这一步Activity就创建完毕了
8.在第6步中创建了ResumeActivityItem，同样的也会调用到APP进程中的ActivityThread 中的方法，这次调用的是 handleResumeActivity，调用performResumeActivity里面主要是通过Instrumentation调用了onStart和onResume方法，performResumeActivity调用完毕后才将dcorview 添加到window上，所以view真正是的可见是在onResume之后的。对Activity来说，在onResume之前 只是创建了Window并把Window显示出来了，但是并没有添加实质性的可以看到的View。所以就不明白官方对生命周期的描述 onStart代表Activity可见，onResume代表Activity已经获取到焦点
题外话
Activity启动完成了，但是View的三大流程什么时候开始的呢？
本文参考了大佬的文章
源码可以在Code Search查看
网友评论