项目中app的重复使用

Django中的一个app应用，实际上就是相当于一个包

最好将一个应用的相关文件（包括模板、静态文件）放在一起，以便用于其它的项目

Django中将app以包（package）的形式重复利用

• 打包app

  1. 创建新的目录（如django-polls）以存放app（注意该目录名不应该同其它package名相同）
  2. 将polls文件拷入django-polls文件中
  3. 在django-polls文件夹下创建README.rst文件

  =====
  Polls
  =====
  
  Polls is a simple Django app to conduct Web-based polls. For each question, visitors can choose between a fixed number of answers.
  
  Detailed documentation is in the "docs" directory.
  
  Quick start
  -----------
  
  1. Add "polls" to your INSTALLED_APPS setting like this::
  
      INSTALLED_APPS = [
          ...
          'polls',
      ]
  
  2. Include the polls URLconf in your project urls.py like this::
  
      url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),
  
  3. Run `python manage.py migrate` to create the polls models.
  
  4. Start the development server and visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/
     to create a poll (you'll need the Admin app enabled).
  
  5. Visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/ to participate in the poll.
  

  4. 创建LICENSE文件（许可文件）
  5. 创建安装文件setup.py（setuptools文档）

  import os
  from setuptools import find_packages, setup
  
  with open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'README.rst')) as readme:
      README = readme.read()
  
  # allow setup.py to be run from any path
  os.chdir(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(__file__), os.pardir)))
  
  setup(
      name='django-polls',
      version='0.1',
      packages=find_packages(),
      include_package_data=True,
      license='BSD License',  # example license
      description='A simple Django app to conduct Web-based polls.',
      long_description=README,
      url='https://www.example.com/',
      author='Your Name',
      author_email='yourname@example.com',
      classifiers=[
          'Environment :: Web Environment',
          'Framework :: Django',
          'Framework :: Django :: X.Y',  # replace "X.Y" as appropriate
          'Intended Audience :: Developers',
          'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License',  # example license
          'Operating System :: OS Independent',
          'Programming Language :: Python',
          # Replace these appropriately if you are stuck on Python 2.
          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
          'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP',
          'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content',
      ],
  )
  

  6. 创建MANIFEST.in文件
     默认情况下，将创建的包中只会包含与python相关的模块和包，为了将一些其它文件（如templates/、README.rst、LICENSE）也包含进新创建的包中，需要在MANIFEST.in文件中进行指定

  include LICENSE
  include README.rst
  recursive-include polls/static *
  recursive-include polls/templates *
  

  7. （可选）在新创建的app中包含细节描述文件
     创建docs文件夹，并在MANIFEST.in文件中添加一句

  recursive-inclued docs *
  

  8. 创建包
     在命令提示符中输入

  > python setup.py sdist
  

  创建的包位于新建的dist文件夹中，名称为django-polls-0.1.tar.gz

• 使用应用包

  1. 安装该app包（最好在虚拟环境下）

  pip install --user django-polls/dist/django-polls-0.1.tar.gz
  # 注意是自己的相对路径
  

  2. 现在就可以使用该app了（可以删去原项目中的polls文件了）
  3. 卸载包

  pip uninstall django-polls