小菜在 Android 开发过程中经常会用到 EventBus 事件分发机制,EventBus 遵从 publish/subscribe 模式,即发布/订阅模式;简化了模块之间通信,对于项目的解耦很实用;而 Flutter 也提供了相应的 event_bus 插件,今天小菜学习尝试一下;
EventBus
源码分析
class EventBus {
StreamController _streamController;
StreamController get streamController => _streamController;
EventBus({bool sync = false})
: _streamController = StreamController.broadcast(sync: sync);
EventBus.customController(StreamController controller)
: _streamController = controller;
Stream<T> on<T>() {
if (T == dynamic) {
return streamController.stream;
} else {
return streamController.stream.where((event) => event is T).cast<T>();
}
}
void fire(event) {
streamController.add(event);
}
void destroy() {
_streamController.close();
}
}
简单分析源码可得,EventBus 核心主要是通过 Stream 来进行事件分发的,其中初始化时会创建一个 StreamController.broadcast(sync: sync) 广播流;fire() 广播发送方法主要是向 StreamController 中添加事件,on() 为广播监听,都是对 Stream 流操作;
案例尝试
小菜尝试做一个主题切换的小尝试,同时尝试了 EventBus 和 Provider 两种方式;
1. EventBus 初始化
小菜首先创建一个全局的 EventBus,通常每个应用只有一个事件总线,但如果需要多个事件总线的话可以在初始化时设置 sync = false;
EventBus eventBus = EventBus();
2. EventBus 定义事件
小菜创建两个自定义事件,分别为语言切换和主题色切换;使用方法和 Android 一致;
class LanguageEvent {
String languageType;
LanguageEvent(this.languageType);
}
class ThemeColorEvent {
Color color;
ThemeColorEvent(this.color);
}
3. EventBus 发布事件
EventBus 通过 fire(event) 进行事件分发;
return GestureDetector(
child: Padding(
padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 14),
child: Row(children: <Widget>[
_itemColorWid(_colorList[index]),
Expanded(child: dataIndex == 1 ? _itemColorWid(_colorList[index]) : Text(_languageList[index])),
SizedBox(width: 20),
Icon(Icons.done)
])),
onTap: () {
eventBus.fire(dataIndex == 1 ? ThemeColorEvent(_colorList[index]) : LanguageEvent(_languageList[index]));
Navigator.pop(context);
});
4. EventBus 接收事件
对于 EventBus 的接收可以通过 on(event).listen() 来监听;其中若 on() 可以监听所有事件也可以监听固定的事件,区别是是否限制当前广播;
// 监听所有广播
eventBus.on().listen((event) {
if (event is LanguageEvent) {
print('EventBus --> LanguageEvent --> ${event.languageType}');
} else if (event is ThemeColorEvent) {
themeColor = event.color;
print('EventBus --> ThemeColorEvent --> ${event.color}');
}
print('EventBus --> Type --> ${event.runtimeType}');
});
// 监听固定类型广播
eventBus.on<LanguageEvent>().listen((event) {
print('EventBus.on<LanguageEvent>() --> ${event.languageType}');
});
5. EventBus 销毁
为了防止内存泄漏,一般在应用销毁时都需要对 EventBus 进行销毁;
eventBus.cancel();
eventBus.destroy();
小菜预想的是在 main.dart 的 runApp(MyApp()) 中直接更改 ThemeData,但是 MyApp() 是 StatelessWidget 无状态类型的,虽然可以通过 EventBus 监听切换主题,但是直接更新 UI 相对复杂一些;此时小菜尝试用 Provider 来进行主题切换,Provider 核心是 InheritedWidget 可以直接更新主题色;
1. Provider 定义事件
class ThemeColorNotifier with ChangeNotifier {
Color themeColor;
Color get getThemeColor => themeColor;
setThemeColor(getThemeColor) {
themeColor = getThemeColor;
notifyListeners();
}
}
2. Provider 发送通知
_itemClick(dataIndex, index) {
return Consumer<ThemeColorNotifier>(builder: (context, themeColor, _) {
return GestureDetector(
child: Padding(
padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 14),
child: Row(children: <Widget>[
_itemColorWid(_colorList[index]),
Expanded(child: dataIndex == 1 ? _itemColorWid(_colorList[index]) : Text(_languageList[index])),
SizedBox(width: 20),
Icon(Icons.done)
])),
onTap: () {
themeColor.setThemeColor(_colorList[index]);
Navigator.pop(context);
});
});
}
3. Provider 接收通知
return MultiProvider(
providers: [
ChangeNotifierProvider(create: (_) => ThemeColorNotifier())
],
child: Consumer<ThemeColorNotifier>(builder: (context, themeColor, _) {
return _mainProviderWid(themeColor);
}));
_mainProviderWid(themeColor) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: themeColor != null ? themeColor.getThemeColor : Colors.blue),
home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
routes: _commonRoute());
}
小菜尝试了 EventBus 和 Provider 两种方式进行主题色切换,对于不同的场景可以自由选择;给小菜最直接的感觉是 EventBus 主要是事件分发,只发送/接收数据,更偏向于数据层,而 Provider 实际是对 InheritedWidget 的优化和封装,可以在发送/接收数据同时更新 UI 层;
小扩展
小菜在测试过程中设置 ListView 对话框时出现如下错误:
I/flutter (28408): The following assertion was thrown during performLayout():
I/flutter (28408): RenderShrinkWrappingViewport does not support returning intrinsic dimensions.
I/flutter (28408): Calculating the intrinsic dimensions would require instantiating every child of the viewport, which
I/flutter (28408): defeats the point of viewports being lazy.
I/flutter (28408): If you are merely trying to shrink-wrap the viewport in the main axis direction, you should be able
I/flutter (28408): to achieve that effect by just giving the viewport loose constraints, without needing to measure its
I/flutter (28408): intrinsic dimensions.
小菜测试可以设置 ListView 中 Container 宽或高即可,也可以将 ListView 包裹在容器中并为其设置宽度为 double.maxFinite;
_itemDialog(context, dataIndex) {
return showDialog(
context: context,
builder: (context) {
return AlertDialog(
title: Row(children: <Widget>[
Icon(Icons.settings), SizedBox(width: 8),
Text(dataIndex == 1 ? 'Theme Color' : 'Language')
]),
content: Container(
width: double.maxFinite,
child: ListView.builder(
itemCount: dataIndex == 1 ? _colorList.length : _languageList.length,
physics: ScrollPhysics(),
primary: false, shrinkWrap: true,
itemBuilder: (BuildContext context, int index) {
return _itemClick(dataIndex, index);
})));
});
}
小菜仅是在应用中尝试了 EventBus 并未对源码进行系统的研究,涉及还很浅显;如有错误请多多指导!
来源: 阿策小和尚
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