英语流利说 Level6 Unit2 Part1 Learning -Sports Injuries
Sports injuries are injuries that happen to athletes participating in sporting events. In many cases, these types of injuries are due to overuse of a part of the body. For example, runner's knee is a painful condition associated with running, while tennis elbow(美[ˈelboʊ],肘部） is a form of repetitive（重复的） stress injury at the elbow.
Other types of injuries, such as a broken bone, can be caused by hard contact with something. Injuries are a common occurrence(n.遭遇；时间） in professional sports, and most teams have a staff of trainers and close connections to the medical community. Controversy （n.论战；公开辩论）has arisen at times when teams have made decisions that could threaten a player's long-term health for short-term gain.(短期利益）
Sports injuries can be classified as either traumatic([traʊˈmætɪk] ，adj.外伤损伤的)or overuse（过度） injuries. Traumatic injuries account for（说吗，导致，引起，在数量上占） most injuries in contact sports such as soccer, rugby（英式橄榄球）,and American football. This is of course due to the dynamic（充满活力的） and high collision（碰撞） nature of these games. These injuries range from bruises （[bruz]；挫伤；擦伤）and muscle strains（拉伤） to fractures（骨折） and head injuries.
A bruise is damage to small blood vessels(血管） which causes bleeding within the tissues（ [ˈtɪʃu],组织）. A muscle strain is a small tear of muscle fibers（['faɪbə] ，纤维）and a ligament（韧带） sprain （扭伤）is a small tear of ligament tissue. The body's response to these injuries is the same in the initial（最初的） five-day period immediately following the incident（事件）-inflammation（炎症）. Inflammation is characterized （具有……的特征）by pain, localized swelling（局部肿胀）, heat（发热）, redness （红色）and a loss of function.
Inflammation is the first phase（阶段） of healing（n.康复）, and typically（通常） lasts for around five days. However,too much of an inflammatory response can mean that the healing process will take longer, and a return to activity is delayed. Sports injury treatments are intended to minimize the inflammatory phase of an injury so that the overall healing process is accelerated（美[ækˈsɛləˌret],vi.加快，促进）.
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