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MongoDB 基础命令

MongoDB 基础命令

作者: 违规昵称不予展示 | 来源:发表于2019-03-05 21:18 被阅读1次

    下载安装后

    1.在 “你自己MongoDB安装目录/bin” 下按Shift+鼠标右键后选择打开PowerShell(需要输入.\)或cmd(不需要输入.\)
    2.输入[.\]mongod --dbpath XXX（任意指定但最好在你自己MongoDB安装目录\data下）确认后就打开了MongoDB的服务端
    3.再打开一个PowerShell或cmd输入：[.\]mongo就打开了MongoDB的客户端（也不知道啥情况，有时候连接服务端的时候还要去服务端随便按点什么）

    1.展示数据库里的表

    > show dbs;
admin    0.000GB
config   0.000GB
local    0.000GB

    2.使用某个数据库

    > use students
switched to db students

    这里可以直接选择尚不存在的数据库，如果有写入等操作后，表(文档)会被直接创建

    3.查看正在使用的数据库

    > db
students

    4. 创建一个对象（

    > stu = {
... name: 'Jhon',
... age: 21}
{ "name" : "Jhon", "age" : 21 }

    5.把对象stu插入到表students中去

    > db.students.insert(stu)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

    6.查询students中的数据

    > db.students.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e585576ba887d0e8629d0"), "name" : "Jhon", "age" : 21 }

    其中的_id是MongoDB自动创建并维护的类似主键的字段

    7.在不建立对象的情况下插入数据

    > db.students.insert({name: 'Amy'})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

    8.查询一条数据

    > db.students.findOne()
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e585576ba887d0e8629d0"),
        "name" : "Jhon",
        "age" : 21
}

    数据被格式化了

    9.修改某条数据

    > obj = db.students.findOne()
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e585576ba887d0e8629d0"),
        "name" : "Jhon",
        "age" : 21
}
> obj.name = "lux"
lux
> db.students.update({name:'Jhon'}, obj)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.students.findOne()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e585576ba887d0e8629d0"), "name" : "lux", "age" : 21 }

    先把某条数据查询出来赋值给一个变量，
    然后改变变量的一条属性，
    然后更新满足条件的记录。(好傻)
    为啥最后一句的findOne不格式化了？？(⊙_⊙)？

    10.删除数据

    > db.students.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e585576ba887d0e8629d0"), "name" : "lux", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e598176ba887d0e8629d1"), "name" : "Amy" }
> db.students.remove({name: 'Amy'})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })
> db.students.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e585576ba887d0e8629d0"), "name" : "lux", "age" : 21 }

    先查询看到有两条数据，
    执行删除满足条件的记录，
    再查询看看是少了一条

    11.清空表

    > db.students.remove({})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })
> db.students.find()
>

    从删库到跑路

    任务

    1.创建一个学生信息表（至少包含：姓名，性别，成绩，年龄）
    2.写入十五条不同的数据
    3.查询所有的男生数据（只需要学生的年龄和姓名）
    4.查询成绩及格的学生的信息
    5.查询所有18岁的男生和16岁女生的数据
    6.按照年龄对学生进行排序
    7.将所有的女学生年龄增加一岁

    练习

    1.创建一个学生信息表（至少包含：姓名，性别，成绩，年龄）
    2.写入十五条不同的数据

    > db.students.insertMany(
...   [
...     { name: 'bob', age: 16, sex: 'male', grade: 95},
...     { name: 'lulu', age: 16, sex: 'female', grade: 50},
...     { name: 'san', age: 18, sex: 'male', grade: 80},
...     { name: 'mac', age: 16, sex: 'male', grade: 60},
...     { name: 'sli', age: 18, sex: 'female', grade: 70},
...     { name: 'tom', age: 20, sex: 'male', grade: 90},
...     { name: 'tim', age: 17, sex: 'male', grade: 50},
...     { name: 'ann', age: 80, sex: 'female', grade: 60},
...     { name: 'joy', age: 45, sex: 'female', grade: 45},
...     { name: 'wm', age: 13, sex: 'female', grade: 60},
...     { name: 'ty', age: 14, sex: 'female', grade: 70},
...     { name: 'lu', age: 15, sex: 'male', grade: 75},
...     { name: 'le', age: 16, sex: 'male', grade: 80},
...     { name: 'jo', age: 14, sex: 'male', grade: 75},
...     { name: 'lce', age: 16, sex: 'female', grade: 85},
...   ]
... )
{
        "acknowledged" : true,
        "insertedIds" : [
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629df"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e0"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e1"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e2"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e3"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e4"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e5"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e6"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e7"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e8"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e9"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ea"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629eb"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ec"),
                ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ed")
        ]
}

> db.students.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629df"), "name" : "bob", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 95 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e0"), "name" : "lulu", "age" : 16, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 50 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e1"), "name" : "san", "age" : 18, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 80 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e2"), "name" : "mac", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 60 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e3"), "name" : "sli", "age" : 18, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 70 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e4"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 20, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 90 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e5"), "name" : "tim", "age" : 17, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 50 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e6"), "name" : "ann", "age" : 80, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 60 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e7"), "name" : "joy", "age" : 45, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 45 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e8"), "name" : "wm", "age" : 13, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 60 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e9"), "name" : "ty", "age" : 14, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 70 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ea"), "name" : "lu", "age" : 15, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 75 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629eb"), "name" : "le", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 80 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ec"), "name" : "jo", "age" : 14, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 75 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ed"), "name" : "lce", "age" : 16, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 85 }

    为了方便这里写一个文本文件

    db.students.insertMany(
  [
    { name: 'bob', age: 16, sex: 'male', grade: 95},
    { name: 'lulu', age: 16, sex: 'female', grade: 50},
    { name: 'san', age: 18, sex: 'male', grade: 80},
    { name: 'mac', age: 16, sex: 'male', grade: 60},
    { name: 'sli', age: 18, sex: 'female', grade: 70},
    { name: 'tom', age: 20, sex: 'male', grade: 90},
    { name: 'tim', age: 17, sex: 'male', grade: 50},
    { name: 'ann', age: 80, sex: 'female', grade: 60},
    { name: 'joy', age: 45, sex: 'female', grade: 45},
    { name: 'wm', age: 13, sex: 'female', grade: 60},
    { name: 'ty', age: 14, sex: 'female', grade: 70},
    { name: 'lu', age: 15, sex: 'male', grade: 75},
    { name: 'le', age: 16, sex: 'male', grade: 80},
    { name: 'jo', age: 14, sex: 'male', grade: 75},
    { name: 'lce', age: 16, sex: 'female', grade: 85},
  ]
)

    3.查询所有的男生数据（只需要学生的年龄和姓名）

    > db.students.find({sex: 'male'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629df"), "name" : "bob", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 95 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e1"), "name" : "san", "age" : 18, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 80 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e2"), "name" : "mac", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 60 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e4"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 20, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 90 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e5"), "name" : "tim", "age" : 17, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 50 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ea"), "name" : "lu", "age" : 15, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 75 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629eb"), "name" : "le", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 80 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ec"), "name" : "jo", "age" : 14, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 75 }

    但这不符合题目要求

    > db.students.find({sex: 'male'},{name: 1, age: true, _id: 0})
{ "name" : "bob", "age" : 16 }
{ "name" : "san", "age" : 18 }
{ "name" : "mac", "age" : 16 }
{ "name" : "tom", "age" : 20 }
{ "name" : "tim", "age" : 17 }
{ "name" : "lu", "age" : 15 }
{ "name" : "le", "age" : 16 }
{ "name" : "jo", "age" : 14 }

    其中name后的1和age后的true是等价的，0和false是等价的
    4.查询及格的学生的信息

    > db.students.find({grade: {'$gte': 60}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629df"), "name" : "bob", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 95 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e1"), "name" : "san", "age" : 18, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 80 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e2"), "name" : "mac", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 60 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e3"), "name" : "sli", "age" : 18, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 70 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e4"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 20, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 90 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e6"), "name" : "ann", "age" : 80, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 60 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e8"), "name" : "wm", "age" : 13, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 60 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e9"), "name" : "ty", "age" : 14, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 70 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ea"), "name" : "lu", "age" : 15, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 75 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629eb"), "name" : "le", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 80 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ec"), "name" : "jo", "age" : 14, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 75 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ed"), "name" : "lce", "age" : 16, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 85 }

    5.查询所有18岁的男生和16岁女生的数据

    > db.students.find({'$or': [{sex: 'male', age: 18}, {sex: 'female', age: 16}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e0"), "name" : "lulu", "age" : 16, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 50 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e1"), "name" : "san", "age" : 18, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 80 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ed"), "name" : "lce", "age" : 16, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 85 }

    6.按照年龄对学生进行排序

    > db.students.find().sort({age: 1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e8"), "name" : "wm", "age" : 13, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 60 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e9"), "name" : "ty", "age" : 14, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 70 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ec"), "name" : "jo", "age" : 14, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 75 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ea"), "name" : "lu", "age" : 15, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 75 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629df"), "name" : "bob", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 95 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e0"), "name" : "lulu", "age" : 16, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 50 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e2"), "name" : "mac", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 60 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629eb"), "name" : "le", "age" : 16, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 80 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629ed"), "name" : "lce", "age" : 16, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 85 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e5"), "name" : "tim", "age" : 17, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 50 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e1"), "name" : "san", "age" : 18, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 80 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e3"), "name" : "sli", "age" : 18, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 70 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e4"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 20, "sex" : "male", "grade" : 90 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e7"), "name" : "joy", "age" : 45, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 45 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e689f76ba887d0e8629e6"), "name" : "ann", "age" : 80, "sex" : "female", "grade" : 60 }

    age后面那个1代表升序，如果是 -1代表降序
    7.将所有的女学生年龄增加一岁

    > db.students.update({sex: 'female'}, {'$inc': {age: 1}}, {multi: true})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 15, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 15 })

    这里用到了修改器，其中 '$inc': {age: 1}是指age增加1，multi=true指多条数据
    '$set': {XXX: XXX }可以用来新增属性

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