< 思维导图 >
预备知识:链表基础 (★)
链表全部逆序 (★)
- LeetCode 206. Reverse Linked List.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
struct ListNode{
int val; // 数据域
ListNode *next; // 指针域
// 构造函数
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) { }
};
class Solution{
public:
ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
ListNode *new_head = NULL;
while(head){
ListNode *next2 = head->next; // 备份 head->next
head->next = new_head; // 更新 head->next
new_head = head; // 移动 new_head
head = next2;
}
return new_head;
}
};
int main(){
ListNode a(11),b(22),c(33),d(44),e(55);
a.next = &b;
b.next = &c;
c.next = &d;
d.next = &e;
Solution s;
ListNode *head = &a;
// 逆序前,*head = &a
printf("Before reverse:\n");
while(head){
printf("%d\n", head->val);
head = head->next;
}
// 逆序后,*head = &e
head = s.reverseList(&a);
printf("After reverse:\n");
while(head){
printf("%d\n", head->val);
head = head->next;
}
return 0;
}
链表部分逆序 (★★)
- LeetCode 92. Reverse Linked List II.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
struct ListNode{
int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL){ }
};
class Solution{
public:
ListNode* reverseBetween(ListNode* head, int m, int n){
int len = n - m + 1;
ListNode *pre_head = NULL;
// 循环后 => pre_head(1),head(2)
while(head && --m){
pre_head = head;
head = head->next;
}
ListNode *aft_head = head; // aft_head(2)
ListNode *new_head = NULL;
// 逆序后 => 1(pre_head),4(new_head),3,2(aft_head),5(head)
while(head && len){
ListNode *next2 = head->next;
head->next = new_head;
new_head = head;
head = next2;
len--;
}
// 更新 aft_head->next,即 2->5
aft_head->next = head;
// 更新 pre_head->next,即 1->4
pre_head->next = new_head;
return pre_head;
}
};
int main(){
ListNode a(1),b(2),c(3),d(4),e(5);
a.next = &b;
b.next = &c;
c.next = &d;
d.next = &e;
Solution s;
ListNode *head = s.reverseBetween(&a, 2, 4);
while(head){
printf("%d\n", head->val);
head = head->next;
}
return 0;
}
链表求交点 (★)
- LeetCode 160.Intersection of Two LinkedLists (solve1).cpp
#include <stdio.h>
struct ListNode{
int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL){ }
};
// STL set 的使用
#include <set>
class Solution{
public:
// 求两链表交点 ( 链表 A头指针,链表 B头指针 )
ListNode *Solve(ListNode *headA, ListNode *headB){
// 查找集合 node_set
std::set<ListNode*> node_set;
while(headA){
// 各个节点都插入 node_set
node_set.insert(headA);
// 遍历链表 A
headA = headA->next;
}
while(headB){
// 当找到 node_set 的节点时
if (node_set.find(headB) != node_set.end()){
return headB;
}
// 遍历链表 B
headB = headB->next;
}
// 若没有交点,返回 NULL
return NULL;
}
};
int main(){
ListNode a1(1), a2(2);
ListNode b1(3), b2(4), b3(5);
ListNode c1(6), c2(7), c3(8);
a1.next = &a2; a2.next = &c1;
c1.next = &c2; c2.next = &c3;
b1.next = &b2; b2.next = &b3; b3.next = &c1;
// a1: 1,2,6,7,8
// b1: 3,4,5,6,7,8
Solution s;
ListNode *result = s.Solve(&a1, &b1);
printf("%d\n", result->val);
return 0;
}
- LeetCode 160.Intersection of Two LinkedLists (solve2).cpp
#include <stdio.h>
struct ListNode {
int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
};
// 得到链表长度
int lenGet(ListNode *head){
int len = 0;
while(head){
len++;
head = head->next;
}
return len;
}
ListNode *forward_long_list(int long_len, int short_len, ListNode *head){
// x 为链表长度之差
int x = long_len - short_len;
// 将长链表头向前移动 x
while(head && x){
head = head->next;
x--;
}
// 返回 head 指针
return head;
}
class Solution {
public:
ListNode *Solve(ListNode *headA, ListNode *headB) {
// A, B 链表长度
int lenA = lenGet(headA);
int lenB = lenGet(headB);
// 如果 A 更长,移动 headA
if (lenA > lenB){
headA = forward_long_list(lenA, lenB, headA);
}
// 如果 B 更长,移动 headB
else{
headB = forward_long_list(lenB, lenA, headB);
}
// 当 headA == headB 时,就是交点
while(headA && headB){
if (headA == headB){
return headA;
}
headA = headA->next;
headB = headB->next;
}
// 若没有交点,返回 NULL
return NULL;
}
};
int main(){
ListNode a1(1), a2(2);
ListNode b1(3), b2(4), b3(5);
ListNode c1(6), c2(7), c3(8);
a1.next = &a2; a2.next = &c1;
c1.next = &c2; c2.next = &c3;
b1.next = &b2; b2.next = &b3; b3.next = &c1;
// a1: 1,2,6,7,8
// b1: 3,4,5,6,7,8
Solution s;
ListNode *result = s.Solve(&a1, &b1);
printf("%d\n", result->val);
return 0;
}
链表求环 (★★)
- LeetCode 142. Linked List Cycle II (solve1).cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <set>
struct ListNode {
int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
};
class Solution {
public:
ListNode *Solve(ListNode *head) {
// 设置 set
std::set <ListNode *> A;
while(head){
// 如果再次出现,且不是末尾
if (A.find(head) != A.end()){
return head;
}
// 遍历一遍后 set:123456
A.insert(head);
head = head->next;
}
return NULL;
}
};
int main(){
ListNode a(1),b(2),c(3),d(4),e(5),f(6);
a.next = &b;
b.next = &c;
c.next = &d;
d.next = &e;
e.next = &f;
f.next = &c;
Solution s;
ListNode *node = s.Solve(&a);
if (node){
printf("有链表环,起始点:%d\n", node->val);
}
else{
printf("NULL\n");
}
return 0;
}
- LeetCode 142. Linked List Cycle II (solve2).cpp
#include <stdio.h>
struct ListNode {
int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
};
class Solution {
public:
ListNode *Solve(ListNode *head) {
ListNode *fast = head;
ListNode *slow = head;
ListNode *meet = NULL;
while(fast){
slow = slow->next;
fast = fast->next;
fast = fast->next;
// 若相遇,返回 meet = fast
if (fast == slow){
meet = fast;
break;
}
}
// 若不相遇,返回 NULL
if (meet == NULL){
return NULL;
}
// 再移动 head、meet,找到环起点
while(head && meet){
if (head == meet){
return head;
}
head = head->next;
meet = meet->next;
}
return NULL;
}
};
int main(){
ListNode a(1),b(2),c(3),d(4),e(5),f(6),g(7);
a.next = &b;
b.next = &c;
c.next = &d;
d.next = &e;
e.next = &f;
f.next = &g;
g.next = &c;
Solution s;
ListNode *node = s.Solve(&a);
if (node){
printf("有链表环,起始点:%d\n", node->val);
}
else{
printf("NULL\n");
}
return 0;
}
链表划分 (★★)
- LeetCode 86.Partition List.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
struct ListNode {
int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
};
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* Solve(ListNode* head, int x) {
ListNode less_head(0);
ListNode more_head(0); // 两个临时头节点
ListNode *less = &less_head;
ListNode *more = &more_head; // 两个临时指针
while(head){
// 若小于 x,节点插入 less 后
if (head->val < x){
less->next = head;
less = head;
}
// 若大于 x,节点插入 more 后
else {
more->next = head;
more = head;
}
head = head->next;
}
// 连接 less链表尾 more链表头
less->next = more_head.next;
more->next = NULL;
return less_head.next;
}
};
int main(){
ListNode a(1),b(4),c(3),d(2),e(5),f(2);
a.next = &b;
b.next = &c;
c.next = &d;
d.next = &e;
e.next = &f;
Solution s;
ListNode *head = s.Solve(&a, 3);
while(head){
printf("%d\n", head->val);
head = head->next;
}
return 0;
}
复杂链表的复制 (★★★)
- LeetCode 138.Copy List with Random Pointer.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
struct RandomListNode {
int label; // label 为节点
RandomListNode *next, *random; // random 为随机指针
RandomListNode(int x) : label(x), next(NULL), random(NULL) { }
};
#include <map> // STL map 头文件
#include <vector>
class Solution {
public:
RandomListNode *copyRandomList(RandomListNode *head) {
std::map <RandomListNode *, int> node_map; // 地址到节点的 map
std::vector<RandomListNode *> node_vec; // 存储节点的 vector
RandomListNode *ptr = head;
int i = 0;
// 第一次遍历
while (ptr){
// 新链表的节点存储到 node_vec
node_vec.push_back(new RandomListNode(ptr->label));
// 原链表地址到节点的 node_map
node_map[ptr] = i;
ptr = ptr->next;
i++;
}
node_vec.push_back(0);
ptr = head;
i = 0;
// 第二次遍历
while(ptr){
// 连接新链表的 next 指针
node_vec[i]->next = node_vec[i+1];
// 若 ptr->random 不为空
if (ptr->random){
// 根据 node_map,原链表 random 指针指向 id
int id = node_map[ptr->random];
// 连接新链表的 random 指针
node_vec[i]->random = node_vec[id];
}
ptr = ptr->next;
i++;
}
// 返回连接后的链表
return node_vec[0];
}
};
int main(){
RandomListNode a(1),b(2),c(3),d(4),e(5);
a.next = &b; b.next = &c; c.next = &d; d.next = &e;
// d->random 为空
a.random = &c; b.random = &d; c.random = &c; e.random = &d;
Solution s;
// 复制 random 随机指向后的链表
RandomListNode *head = s.copyRandomList(&a);
while(head){
printf("label = %d ", head->label);
// 若 head->random 不为空
if (head->random){
printf("random = %d\n", head->random->label);
}
// 若 head->random 为空
else{
printf("random = NULL\n");
}
head = head->next;
}
return 0;
}
2 个排序链表归并 (★)
- LeetCode 21.Merge Two Sorted Lists.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
struct ListNode {
int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
};
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
ListNode temp_head(0); // 临时节点 temp_head
ListNode *pre = &temp_head; // pre 指针指向 temp_head
// 若两节点都不为空
while (l1 && l2){
// 将 pre 与较小的节点连接
if (l1->val < l2->val){
pre->next = l1;
l1 = l1->next;
}
else{
pre->next = l2;
l2 = l2->next;
}
// pre 指向新节点
pre = pre->next;
}
// 如果 l1 有余,接到 pre 后
if (l1){
pre->next = l1;
}
// 如果 l2 有余,接到 pre 后
if (l2){
pre->next = l2;
}
return temp_head.next;
}
};
int main(){
ListNode a(1),b(4),c(6);
ListNode d(0),e(5),f(7);
a.next = &b; b.next = &c;
d.next = &e; e.next = &f;
Solution s;
// 合并排序两个链表
ListNode *head = s.mergeTwoLists(&a, &d);
while(head){
printf("%d ", head->val);
head = head->next;
}
return 0;
}
K 个排序链表归并 (★★★)
- LeetCode 23.Merge k Sorted Lists(solve1).cpp
#include <stdio.h>
struct ListNode {
int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
};
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
// 若 a 节点数值小于 b,则返回 true
bool cmp(const ListNode *a, const ListNode *b){
return a->val < b->val;
}
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* mergeKLists(std::vector<ListNode*>& lists) {
std::vector<ListNode *> node_vec;
// 遍历所有链表
for (int i = 0; i < lists.size(); i++){
ListNode *head = lists[i];
// 遍历当前链表所有节点,并存入 node_vec
while(head){
node_vec.push_back(head);
head = head->next;
}
}
// 根据节点数值进行排序
std::sort(node_vec.begin(), node_vec.end(), cmp);
// 连接所有排序后的节点
for (int i = 1; i < node_vec.size(); i++){
node_vec[i-1]->next = node_vec[i];
}
node_vec[node_vec.size()-1]->next = NULL;
return node_vec[0];
}
};
int main(){
// 定义三个链表
ListNode a(1),b(4),c(6);
ListNode d(0),e(5),f(7);
ListNode g(2),h(3);
a.next = &b; b.next = &c;
d.next = &e; e.next = &f;
g.next = &h;
// 将三个链表头存入 lists
std::vector<ListNode *> lists;
lists.push_back(&a);
lists.push_back(&d);
lists.push_back(&g);
Solution s;
ListNode *head1 = &a;
// 输出所有链表及归并结果
printf("链表一 :");
while(head1){
printf("%d ", head1->val);
head1 = head1->next;
}
printf("\n链表二 :");
ListNode *head2 = &d;
while(head2){
printf("%d ", head2->val);
head2 = head2->next;
}
printf("\n链表三 :");
ListNode *head3 = &g;
while(head3){
printf("%d ", head3->val);
head3 = head3->next;
}
printf("\n归并后 :");
ListNode *head = s.mergeKLists(lists);
while(head){
printf("%d ", head->val);
head = head->next;
}
return 0;
}
- LeetCode 23.Merge k Sorted Lists(solve2).cpp
#include <stdio.h>
struct ListNode {
int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode (int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
};
#include <vector>
class Solution {
public:
// 两个链表排序归并
ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
ListNode temp_head(0);
ListNode *pre = &temp_head;
while (l1 && l2){
if (l1->val < l2->val){
pre->next = l1;
l1 = l1->next;
}
else{
pre->next = l2;
l2 = l2->next;
}
pre = pre->next;
}
if (l1){
pre->next = l1;
}
if (l2){
pre->next = l2;
}
return temp_head.next;
}
// 分治处理
ListNode* mergeKLists(std::vector<ListNode*>& lists) {
// 如果一个链表,不做处理
if (lists.size() == 1){
return lists[0];
}
// 如果两个链表,排序归并
if (lists.size() == 2){
return mergeTwoLists(lists[0], lists[1]);
}
// 拆分 lists 为 list1 、list2
int mid = lists.size() / 2;
std::vector<ListNode*> list1;
std::vector<ListNode*> list2;
for (int i = 0; i < mid; i++){
list1.push_back(lists[i]);
}
for (int i = mid; i < lists.size(); i++){
list2.push_back(lists[i]);
}
// list1 的一个链表,不做处理
ListNode *l1 = mergeKLists(list1);
// list2 的两个链表,排序归并
ListNode *l2 = mergeKLists(list2);
// list1、list2 两链表排序归并
return mergeTwoLists(l1, l2);
}
};
int main(){
// 定义三个链表
ListNode a(1),b(4),c(6);
ListNode d(0),e(5),f(7);
ListNode g(2),h(3);
a.next = &b; b.next = &c;
d.next = &e; e.next = &f;
g.next = &h;
// 将三个链表头存入 lists
std::vector<ListNode *> lists;
lists.push_back(&a);
lists.push_back(&d);
lists.push_back(&g);
Solution s;
ListNode *head = s.mergeKLists(lists);
// 输出归并结果
while(head){
printf("%d ", head->val);
head = head->next;
}
return 0;
}
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