初识Flutter（三）Flutter下macOS下配置环境避坑

一句话总结：新Mac 不要直接用系统再带的ruby安装cocoapods，自己动手装一个ruby，然后再安装cocoapods。

RROR:  Error installing cocoapods:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

如果你已经遇到这个错误了 直接重装ruby避免再走弯路

安装新的ruby，安装homebrew，使用如下命令

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

遇到报错：

curl: (7) Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Connection refused

此时需要修改hosts：

添加以下内容(到https://www.ipaddress.com/查看，raw.githubusercontent.com对应的ip地址)

99.232.28.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

原帖参考

修改完成，再执行安装命令：

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

过程有点慢，安装Homebrew完成后查看一下版本：

brew -v

得到结果：

Homebrew 2.7.0

说明革命第一步成功了。

接着安装RVM，RVM是rubyh环境管理工具，这里使用命令：

curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

很好，很顺利。载入rvm环境，命令：

source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm

再来查看一下ruby已知版本，命令：

rvm list known

根据结果，挑选一个你想安装的ruby版本，我装的2.6.6，命令：

rvm install 2.6.6

这里我遇到了问题，如果没有遇到该问题可以直接跳过下面这一步
遇到的问题 报错内容如下：

nstalling requirements for osx.
Updating system.....
Installing required packages: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config, libyaml, readline, libksba, openssl|
........
Error running 'requirements_osx_brew_libs_install autoconf automake libtool pkg-config libyaml readline libksba openssl**',
showing last 15 lines of /Users/MTKJ/.rvm/log/1469285314_ruby-2.3.0/package_install_autoconf_automake_libtool_pkg-config_libyaml_readline_libksba_openssl.log

看错误提示 因为缺少autoconf automake libtool pkg-config libyaml readline libksba openssl这些库，
所以用homebrew挨个去安装这些库

brew install autoconf
brew install automake
brew install lib tool
brew install apple-gcc42
brew install libyaml
brew install libxslt
brew install libksba
brew install openssl

可能你的电脑缺少的库跟我的不一样，按照日志提示的去安装就好了

最后，都安装好后，再执行rvm install 2.6.6

如果没有上面问题，只是过程也有点慢，其余也很顺利的话，说明离革命胜利已经不远了。关掉终端，重开查一下ruby的版本，命令：

ruby -v

看一下是不是刚刚下载的版本 如果不是执行

rvm use ruby-2.6.6

然后执行

sudo gem install cocoapods

更新下载cocoapods

此时又需要一波等待，完成后查看版本：

pod --version

成功返回版本号：

1.11.2

至此，踩坑结束，安装完成。后面不用再看，贴一下报错信息，便于搜索而已

current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.14.2/ext/ffi_c
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/ruby -I /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20201226-5110-w2ijvp.rb extconf.rb
checking for ffi.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --with-ffi_c-dir
    --without-ffi_c-dir
    --with-ffi_c-include
    --without-ffi_c-include=${ffi_c-dir}/include
    --with-ffi_c-lib
    --without-ffi_c-lib=${ffi_c-dir}/lib
    --enable-system-libffi
    --disable-system-libffi
    --with-libffi-config
    --without-libffi-config
    --with-pkg-config
    --without-pkg-config
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:467:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `block in try_compile'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:534:in `with_werror'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `try_compile'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1109:in `block in have_header'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:959:in `block in checking_for'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block in postpone'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:357:in `postpone'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:958:in `checking_for'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1108:in `have_header'
    from extconf.rb:10:in `system_libffi_usable?'
    from extconf.rb:42:in `<main>'
To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-19/2.6.0/ffi-1.14.2/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.14.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-19/2.6.0/ffi-1.14.2/gem_make.out