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2019年3月晨读笔记 AAT

2019年3月晨读笔记 AAT

作者: 人生实验室 | 来源:发表于2019-03-24 14:27 被阅读0次

教材:《American Accent Training》

“Thinking of music, feeling, and flow, let your mouth relax into the American accent.”

01

一、发音的四个方面
Accent: voice quality, intonation, liaisons, pronounciation

  1. Intonation(cadence): patterns 抑扬顿挫
  2. Liaisons: rhythm 连读
  3. Pronunciation:preference> science
    发音重要,口音不重要:Your accent is not bad, it is nonstandard to the American ear.
  4. Voice quality: pitch, placement (throaty) 音质

二、THROATY / DADDY VOICE

误区:学英文必须长大嘴巴?We don’t really move our lips!

Throaty: (鼻音和元音分开)
We creat most of our sounds in the throat, using our tougue very actively.

To-do:
1. Deepen your voice
2. Lower you pitch
a higher pitch = stress / tension
the daddy voice = lower pitched

三、美音基本知识

  1. Tense / lax vowal

  2. 美音/ ʌ / / ə /, linguistic distinction, pronounced exactly the same
    / ʌ /多跟从/ ə /的发音

  3. 美音“奥”和“啊”:
    do not differentiate between / a / / ɔ /:hot / ɔ /多跟从/ a /的发音
    但是“or”的时候发音就不一样:sort,short / ɔ /

四、语流特点

  1. Do not speak word by word

  2. Connect words to form sound groups

五口语的根结在听力,先听再说

  1. I closed my eyes and listened carefully.

2. Listening comprehension: We perceive based on past experience. We’re more likely to hear what we expect to hear.

六、脑海植入美音开关

  1. Go-to phrases: Bob got a water bottle, Sam sat back and laughed, Rory ran around.

  2. Run-up phrases: Well, you know, I was just thinking, and it kinda seems like, what do you think about…

七、常用语气词的intonation

02 全心全意-正心

  1. All at once: pure mimicry ( Just do it! )
  2. Step-by-step

一、 Play with it

We tend to think of language primarily as a tool, or as a weapon, instead, start playing in the English toy box.

二、 永远都把自己当新手,忌over-confidence

  1. If you try to rush through speaking English, you’ll end up skipping crucial details.

  2. If you only rely on your own judgement about your accent, you’re going to fall far short of the mark.
    • 慢下来,感受你的下巴、舌头、气息
    • 守破离,注意细节,像婴儿一样学习
    • 听听别人的反馈

三、 7 step to a perfect accent

  1. Yep, I have an accent, I want to change, and I’m sure this program will work for me.
  2. I’m making a conscious effort to apply the techniques in an orderly, step-by-step manner.
  3. I have taken an inventory of the sounds and rhythms patterns.
  4. I am keeping a daily log of the “What factor”.
  5. I record myself once a week, compare it with my original recording, and take specific and detailed notes of changes.
  6. When I talk to people, I consciously and conscientiously apply the techniques,
  7. I read aloud for 15 minutes a day with a phonetic transcription or imitate an audio text.

The pledge
It’s not the duration, it’s the consistency. I’m training my mouth, lips, tougue, and mind.

03 美式发音


Rlææææææææææææææææææx

一、注意事项

  1. 音标符号
  2. 音准(基本准确,不影响理解即可)
  3. 音重和音长(进阶:right, sid/sit/city)
  4. 音变(音是会变化的)
  5. 同化(音在句子中和单个念不同)

二、如何练习发音

1.捷径:练舌位,清楚每一个音的位置和方式(工具:镜子)
2.参考资料:Rachel’s English 视频

  1. 把英文当成英文(na,ai)
  2. 注意最常见的词(in,on,happy,what,not,small,big,stop,wait)

三、大原则

  1. 什么是元音?元音的关键:唇形、舌尖、舍身(舌尖永远在下牙齿那一块)
  2. 单元音和双元音(双元音是有移动的,也不一定需要嘴巴很夸张)
  3. 什么是辅音?辅音的关键:注意送气程度、连读、位置

四、发音的关键

单元音:/i:/ /i/ /æ/ /ʌ/ /ə/
双元音:/ai/ /ei/ /au/
辅音:l/n/r t/d th /u:/ /u//n/ /ŋ/

The most common sound in English: uh
1) uh的重要性2)发音要领,所有发音到在嗓子里3)uh和ah的区别4)常见词:fun,one,pun,bunch,punch,done, consistent, country

/æ/
1)重要性 2)发音要领:嘴巴不要张大,把下巴掉下来3)bad,sad,

th
1)发音要领,夸张2)注意事项3)All about that bass

/ai/ /ei/ /au/
1)移动 a…i… e…i… a…u…

/r/
1)重要性:宇宙最强音2)辅音群green,tree 3)发音方式,什么都不要碰到4)连读:chapter

/l/
1)发音方式 2)和n、欧的区别3)连读意识:LA,LOL,well-educated 4)几个常见错误:girl,people

/t/:得t者得天下

T的6种读法

  1. T is T at the beginning of a word or in a stressed syllable.
  2. T is D in the middle of a word. 快速的D
  3. T is Held at the end of a word.
  4. T is Held before N in –tain and –ten endings.
  5. T is Silent after N with lax vowels.
  6. T is Held before glottal consonants w, r, k, g and y.

before a glottal consonant, T is held by the back of the tongue.
如下:


04 语调训练1 大原则

Beaware of “Revealing” a personality that you don’t have!

一、说在前面

1. 语调的作用:传情达意
2. 语调难点:1)不是固定的,只能掌握一些大原则2)容易受中文影响
3. 如何学习语调:模仿-总结-应用

少问为什么:践行
多问为什么:总结

Pretty good! 重读pretty:一般般 ; 重读good:真棒!
如何判断一句话的语调?上哪儿查?youglish,人人词典

二、美音的do’s和 don’ts

  1. 区分字词和音组
  2. 记住一句话的调
  3. 英文的节奏:均匀分布

上图中的“楼梯语调”到底是啥?
让英文听起来优雅得体的关键所在!

  1. 英文中的原因比我们所习惯的要长:double sounds that should be single,再简单的词也分成两截发音NO
  2. 说的不够长听起来就是clipped, terse, abbreviated
  3. 利用视觉、身体帮助自己加长元音

三、The American speech music

三个改变语调的方法

  1. Volume ( speak louder )
  2. Length (stretch out a word )
  3. Pitch ( change your tone )

停顿的魅力 / 语调的本质:改变音高


  1. 语调的最小单位是音节
  2. 心中有曲自然嗨
  3. 结构听到的声音

日常生活中就要注意的常用短语

做自然的倾听者,做自己的指挥家

四、“楼梯语调”

  1. 你想表达的核心信息是什么?语调是为思想服务
  2. 警惕母语习惯

带名词的陈述语调

  1. 连读不能丢
  2. 强调新信息
  3. 基本语调意识

带代词的语句语调

  1. 谁是新信息
  2. 英语语言的特点:能替代的就替代,多代词,且代词多不重读
  3. 基本语调意识

提问的语调

  1. 不是所有的问题都是语调上扬
  2. 语调上扬给人感觉热情,下降给人感觉严肃沉稳

五、影响语调的四个方面

  1. New information


  2. Opinion


  3. Contrast

  4. “Can’t”


05 语调训练2 重音节奏

一、词性不同,发音会有变化

Record / accent / project / rebel…
• 不确定重音在哪里就去查字典

• 把单词变成音乐
I don’t know.
What a jerk!
dictionary
intonation

二、金风玉露一相逢,便变化无数

  1. single-word

  2. Phrasal verbs 动词短语的读法

  3. 复合词的读法

• Descriptive phrases 名词读音更重一点


• Set phrases 习惯成自然


Summary of stress in two-word phrases

06 断句和节奏

一、Phrasing

1. 为什么要断句?如何断句?
表达清楚(话说完了吗?)
调整呼吸(优雅从容)
按意群断句(断句比弱读连读更重要,弱读和连读让节奏更好听,但是断句错了别人会听不懂你在讲什么)

2.Phrasing or tone
phrasing tells the listener where the speaker is at the moment, where the speaker is going, and if the speaker is finished or not.
语调的本质是改变音高
在哪里改变音高?在每个snippet中结尾的重读音节

断句大原则:
1)谁做了什么事
2) 谁是谁

3.语音进阶学习推荐
国立台湾大学外文系副教授史嘉琳

1)遇到标点符号停顿一下
2)整个主词讲完停一下
3)连接词(与副词连接词)之间要停一下
4)介系词之间要停一下
5) That 子句或其他子句钱停顿一下

二、Syllable-timed,Stress-timed

1. Syllable-timed 按音节计时

为什么不要一字一字读英文?为什么要学连读和弱读?为什么要“心中有拍”?
都是因为stress-timed!




2. Even with complex grammer, use the basic rules of intonation.

Breathing exercises 腹式呼吸

07 弱读

弱读的要点

  1. 真的很快,快事为保证节奏
  2. 特殊情况下不能弱读:强调/词尾
  3. 弱读前无连续,弱读后有连读
  4. 无需特别记忆,练熟最常见的弱读形式、句型
  5. 成人很难“自然”掌握弱读和连读,要刻意练习

The/a


That的三种读法

To


At

For

From / in

Was

What / Some

08 连读

Spoon or sboon?
不送气的p和不震动的b,发音基本一样

连读和弱读不分家

连读的本质

  1. 保持节奏
  2. 让音节“粘”在一起
  3. 发音位置相同或相近,为了省力,无需重新启动

连读的练习方法

  1. 重新组合字母LA
  2. 不必死记硬背,而是多听多说 H&M
  3. 不是一定要连读 last year

连读的类型

  1. 辅音+元音 get out of
  2. 辅音+辅音 late twice
  3. 元音+元音 do it, say it, appreciate (连读的最小单位是单词)
  4. 同化现象 did you, last year

辅音+元音要点:
1)辅首元尾,重新组合 2)注意lnr

If a word ends with a sound created in the throat and the next word start with a sound from that same general location, these words are going to be linked together. The same with the other two location.


Liaisons with TH combination

Vowel / vowel元音+元音

Colloqulal reductions and liaisons

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