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linux 安装 ftp 以及 将ftp文件下载到指定目录

linux 安装 ftp 以及 将ftp文件下载到指定目录

作者: wudl | 来源:发表于2022-07-31 23:22 被阅读0次

    1. ftp 的安装

    rpm -qa |grep vsftpd
    

    2. 安装命令

    yum -y install vsftpd
    

    3.新增FTP用户

    useradd -d /home/ftp ftpuser
    

    4.密码

    admin123

    [root@basenode plugins]# passwd ftpuser
    

    5. 设置ftp文件夹权限

    [root@basenode vsftpd]# chown -R ftpuser:root /home/ftp  
    [root@basenode vsftpd]# 
    

    6. 配置文件说明

    [root@basenode vsftpd]# pwd
    /etc/vsftpd
    [root@basenode vsftpd]# ll
    总用量 20
    -rw------- 1 root root  125 6月  10 2021 ftpusers
    -rw------- 1 root root  371 7月  31 00:33 user_list
    -rw------- 1 root root 5116 6月  10 2021 vsftpd.conf
    -rwxr--r-- 1 root root  338 6月  10 2021 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
    [root@basenode vsftpd]#
    

    6.1 添加用户

    ```bash
    vim user_list 
    ftptest  
    

    6.2 修改配置文件

    vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

    userlist_enable=YES     #启动用户列表
    userlist_deny=NO        #决定是否对用户列表的用户拒绝访问ftp 
    

    6.3我的完整配置文件

    
    # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
    #
    # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
    # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
    # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
    #
    # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
    # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
    # capabilities.
    #
    # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
    anonymous_enable=YES
    #
    # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
    # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
    local_enable=YES
    #
    # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
    write_enable=YES
    #
    # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
    # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
    local_umask=022
    #
    # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
    # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
    # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
    # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
    #anon_upload_enable=YES
    #
    # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
    # new directories.
    #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
    #
    # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
    # go into a certain directory.
    dirmessage_enable=YES
    #
    # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
    xferlog_enable=YES
    #
    # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
    connect_from_port_20=YES
    #
    # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
    # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
    # recommended!
    chown_uploads=YES
    chown_username=ftpuser
    
    #
    # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
    # below.
    #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
    #
    # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
    # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
    xferlog_std_format=YES
    #
    # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
    #idle_session_timeout=600
    #
    # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
    #data_connection_timeout=120
    #
    # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
    # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
    #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
    #
    # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
    # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
    # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
    #async_abor_enable=YES
    #
    # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
    # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
    # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
    # the behaviour when these options are disabled.
    # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
    # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
    # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
    # raw file.
    # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
    ascii_upload_enable=YES
    ascii_download_enable=YES
    #
    # You may fully customise the login banner string:
    ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
    #
    # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
    # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
    #deny_email_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
    #
    # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
    
    ascii_upload_enable=YES
    #
    # You may fully customise the login banner string:
    ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
    #
    # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
    # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
    #deny_email_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
    #
    # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
    # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
    # users to NOT chroot().
    # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
    # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
    # chroot)
    chroot_local_user=YES
    #chroot_list_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
    #
    # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
    # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
    # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
    # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
    #ls_recurse_enable=YES
    #
    # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
    # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
    # with the listen_ipv6 directive.
    listen=NO
    #
    # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
    # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
    # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
    # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
    # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
    # files.
    # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
    listen_ipv6=YES
    
    pam_service_name=vsftpd
    userlist_enable=YES
    tcp_wrappers=YES
    userlist_deny=NO
    allow_writeable_chroot=YES
    
    
    
    ## 7.开始添加目标用户,并为其设置主目录
    
    ```bash
    usera**加粗样式**dd -d 目录 -m 目录 用户    //-d 目录 指定用户主目录,如果此目录不存在,则同时使用-m选项,可以创建主目录。
    
    passwd 用户名   //设置密码
    chmod 755 目录    //以root的视角去修改当前目录的权限
    chown -R ftp用户名:组名 目录  //组名可不写,修改目录所属者
    systemctl  start  vsftpd   //重启ftp
    

    8. 将用户添加列表

    vim user_list 
    ftptest  
    

    9 访问

    ftp://ftptest:ftptest@node01  
    
    ftp://node01 #需要再输入用户名和密码
    用户名:ftptest
    密码  :ftptest
    

    10. ftp 启动关闭命令

    启动vsftpd服务:systemctl  start  vsftpd
    停止vsftpd服务:systemct  stop  vsftpd
    重启vsftpd服务:systemctl  restart  vsftpd
    

    11.完整参数的配置

    配置:
    anonymous_enable=YES    #设置是否允许匿名用户登录 
    local_enable=YES        #设置是否允许本地用户登录 
    local_root=/home        #设置本地用户的根目录 
    write_enable=YES        #是否允许用户有写权限 
    local_umask=022        #设置本地用户创建文件时的umask值 
    anon_upload_enable=YES    #设置是否允许匿名用户上传文件 
    anon_other_write_enable=YES    #设置匿名用户是否有修改的权限 
    anon_world_readable_only=YES    #当为YES时,文件的其他人必须有读的权限才允许匿名用户下载,单单所有人为ftp且有读权限是无法下载的,必须其他人也有读权限,才允许下载 
    download_enbale=YES    #是否允许下载 
    chown_upload=YES        #设置匿名用户上传文件后修改文件的所有者 
    chown_username=ftpuser    #与上面选项连用,表示修改后的所有者为ftpuser 
    ascii_upload_enable=YES    #设置是否允许使用ASCII模式上传文件 
    ascii_download_enable=YES    #设置是否允许用ASCII模式下载文件 
    
    chroot_local_user=YES        #设置是否锁定本地用户在自己的主目录中(将前面#去掉!其他选项可不动)
    chroot_list_enable=YES        #设置是否将用户锁定在自己的主目录中 
    chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list    #定义哪些用户将会锁定在自己的主目录中 (去/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list文件增加用户名,一行一个)
    userlist_enable=YES    #当为YES时表示由userlist_file文件中指定的用户才能登录ftp服务器 
    userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list    #当userlist_enable为YES时才生效
    

    12.常遇到的问题

    getsebool -a | grep ftp 执行命令这个出不来 就SELINUX=disabled 修改为1

    [root@basenode shell]# getsebool -a | grep ftp
    ftpd_anon_write --> off
    ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
    ftpd_connect_db --> off
    ftpd_full_access --> on
    ftpd_use_cifs --> off
    ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
    ftpd_use_nfs --> off
    ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
    httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
    httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
    tftp_anon_write --> off
    tftp_home_dir --> on

    SELINUX=disabled 修改为1

    [root@basenode shell]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
    
    
    # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
    # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
    #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
    #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
    #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
    # SELINUX=enforcing
    #SELINUX=disabled
    SELINUX=1
    
    # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
    #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
    #     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
    #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
    SELINUXTYPE=targeted
    
    

    在修改

    setsebool -P allow_ftpd_full_access on
    
    setsebool -P ftp_home_dir on
    

    13 常用命令

    service vsftpd start  //启动ftp服务(同 systemctl start vsftpd.service )
    service vsftpd restart  //重启ftp服务
    service VSftod stop  //关闭ftp
    service vsftpd status  //查看ftp状态
    netstat -an | grep 21  //查看服务有没有启动
    chkconfig vsftpd on   //开机自启
    

    14将ftp 的文件下载 到指定目录

    第一种方式 是将文件名 包含时间 的 名称 匹配文件名称进行下载

    #!/bin/bash
    #获取性能系统小时粒度的指标数据
    u=ftptest   # ftp用户名
    p=123456789 #ftp密码
    ip=192.168.1.180  # ftp 地址
    #T=`date -d yesterday +%Y%m%d`
    T=`date  +%Y%m%d`
    #写入日志
    echo "(`date`) get data start...." >> /opt/logs/getdata.log
    echo "===================================================" >> /opt/logs/getdata.log
        ftp -n <<EOF
          open $ip
          user $u $p
          binary
          cd /home/ftptest/ # ftp 的目录
          lcd /opt/datas   # 目标目录
          hash
          prompt off
          mget *$T*
          cd /home/ftptest/
          mget *$T*
          close
          bye
    EOF
    echo "download from ftp successfully"
    
    

    第二种是是通过目录文件夹 新建一个日期 然后更加日期进行下载 到另一个目录

    #!/bin/sh
    #source dircotry
    src="/home/ftptest"
    yestoday_date=$(date "+%Y%m%d"  -d "1 days ago")
    echo "-----" $yestoday_date
    [ ! -d ${src}/${yestoday_date} ] && mkdir ${src}/${yestoday_date} -p
    
    ftp -v -n 192.168.1.180 << EOF
    user ftptest 123456789
    cd /home/ftptest/${yestoday_date}
    lcd ${src}/${yestoday_date}
    mget *
    y
    exit
    
    EOF
    
    

    第三种是直接下载

    #!/bin/sh
    ftp -v -n 192.168.1.180<<EOF
    user ftptest 123456789
    binary
    cd /home/ftptest/
    lcd /opt/datas
    prompt
    mget *
    bye
    EOF
    echo "download from ftp successfully"
    
    

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