说起leakcanary
大家应该都很熟悉,问起原理应该都知道在对象被销毁时通过WeakReference+ReferenceQueue检测对象是否被回收,延迟二次检测后还没被回收则认为是嫌疑对象,然后dump heap并对其进行分析...
但是你知道leakcanary
可以检测哪些对象吗?又是如何获取这些即将销毁的对象呢?
先说问题1的结论:
leakcanary
2.6版本之前只能对Activity,Fragment进行监控。
leakcanary
2.6版本以后增加了对ViewModel,RootView,Service的监控。
至于如何检测这些对象的销毁时机,下面以leakcanary-android:2.7
代码为例做简单的探讨。
1,初始化
众所周知,leakcanary
从2.0版本开始就不需要手动初始化了,其主要是通过ContentProvider
来实现免初始化:
<application>
<provider
android:name="leakcanary.internal.AppWatcherInstaller$MainProcess"
android:authorities="${applicationId}.leakcanary-installer"
android:enabled="@bool/leak_canary_watcher_auto_install"
android:exported="false" />
</application>
在其onCreate()中进行了具体的初始化工作:
override fun onCreate(): Boolean {
val application = context!!.applicationContext as Application
AppWatcher.manualInstall(application)
return true
}
接着看AppWatcher.manualInstall()
中做了什么:
fun manualInstall(
application: Application,
retainedDelayMillis: Long = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(5),
watchersToInstall: List<InstallableWatcher> = appDefaultWatchers(application)
) {
...
watchersToInstall.forEach {
it.install()
}
}
删繁就简,这里主要是遍历了watchersToInstall
并调用了每个item的install()
,那么watchersToInstall
是什么呢?看它的默认实现appDefaultWatchers(application)
:
fun appDefaultWatchers(
application: Application,
reachabilityWatcher: ReachabilityWatcher = objectWatcher
): List<InstallableWatcher> {
return listOf(
// 监控Activity
ActivityWatcher(application, reachabilityWatcher),
// 监控Fragment和ViewModel
FragmentAndViewModelWatcher(application, reachabilityWatcher),
// 监控RootView
RootViewWatcher(reachabilityWatcher),
// 监控Service
ServiceWatcher(reachabilityWatcher)
)
}
这里就是返回了一个包含四个Watcher组成的List
,分别对Activity,Fragment,ViewModel,RootView,Service的销毁进行监控,拿到即将销毁的对象通过WeakReference和ReferenceQueue方式进行内存泄漏的初步判断,最后Dump HeapProfile进行具体分析。
下面就看看这些Watcher是如何实现监控对象销毁过程的。
2,ActivityWatcher
ActivityWatcher
非常简单,通过Application注册Activity的生命周期回调,来监控每一个Activity的销毁,在Activity销毁时通过reachabilityWatcher
将当前Activity对象添加到监控队列,然后进行具体分析。
class ActivityWatcher(
private val application: Application,
private val reachabilityWatcher: ReachabilityWatcher
) : InstallableWatcher {
private val lifecycleCallbacks =
object : Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks by noOpDelegate() {
override fun onActivityDestroyed(activity: Activity) {
// 监控activity对象
reachabilityWatcher.expectWeaklyReachable(
activity, "${activity::class.java.name} received Activity#onDestroy() callback"
)
}
}
override fun install() {
// 注册Activity的生命周期回调
application.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(lifecycleCallbacks)
}
}
3,FragmentAndViewModelWatcher
这个Watcher实现了对Fragment和ViewModel的销毁监控,首先看一下对Fragment的销毁监控:
3.1 监控Fragment销毁
Fragment有三种:framework自带的,supportv4包中的和androidx中的。因此需要对这三种情况分别处理,不过思路都是一样的,差别就在于导包。那么就看一下framework自带的Fragment如何监控。
class FragmentAndViewModelWatcher(
private val application: Application,
private val reachabilityWatcher: ReachabilityWatcher
) : InstallableWatcher {
private val fragmentDestroyWatchers: List<(Activity) -> Unit> = run {
val fragmentDestroyWatchers = mutableListOf<(Activity) -> Unit>()
// 添加对三种Fragment处理的Watcher
if (SDK_INT >= O) {
fragmentDestroyWatchers.add(
AndroidOFragmentDestroyWatcher(reachabilityWatcher)
)
}
...
fragmentDestroyWatchers
}
private val lifecycleCallbacks =
object : Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks by noOpDelegate() {
override fun onActivityCreated(
activity: Activity,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
) {
// 在ActivityCreate时调用fragmentDestroyWatchers中的每个Watcher
for (watcher in fragmentDestroyWatchers) {
watcher(activity)
}
}
}
override fun install() {
// 注册Activity的生命周期
application.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(lifecycleCallbacks)
}
}
接着看一下AndroidOFragmentDestroyWatcher
中如何处理framework自带的Fragment。
internal class AndroidOFragmentDestroyWatcher(
private val reachabilityWatcher: ReachabilityWatcher
) : (Activity) -> Unit {
private val fragmentLifecycleCallbacks = object : FragmentManager.FragmentLifecycleCallbacks() {
override fun onFragmentViewDestroyed(
fm: FragmentManager,
fragment: Fragment
) {
val view = fragment.view
if (view != null) {
// 将Fragment中的view加入监控队列
reachabilityWatcher.expectWeaklyReachable(
view, "${fragment::class.java.name} received Fragment#onDestroyView() callback " +
"(references to its views should be cleared to prevent leaks)"
)
}
}
override fun onFragmentDestroyed(
fm: FragmentManager,
fragment: Fragment
) {
// 将Fragment加入监控队列
reachabilityWatcher.expectWeaklyReachable(
fragment, "${fragment::class.java.name} received Fragment#onDestroy() callback"
)
}
}
override fun invoke(activity: Activity) {
val fragmentManager = activity.fragmentManager
// 通过fragmentManager注册Fragment的生命周期回调
fragmentManager.registerFragmentLifecycleCallbacks(fragmentLifecycleCallbacks, true)
}
}
使用的高阶函数,直接看invoke()
,在其中获取Activity的fragmentManager,并注册Fragment的生命周期回调。
在回调onFragmentViewDestroyed
中获取Fragment中的view,将view加入监控队列。
在回调onFragmentDestroyed
中将Fragment加入监控队列。
3.2 监控ViewModel销毁
在对AndroidX中Fragment监控时实现了对ViewModel的监控,因为只有AndroidX中才提供了ViewModel。代码如下:
internal class AndroidXFragmentDestroyWatcher(
private val reachabilityWatcher: ReachabilityWatcher
) : (Activity) -> Unit {
private val fragmentLifecycleCallbacks = object : FragmentManager.FragmentLifecycleCallbacks() {
override fun onFragmentCreated(
fm: FragmentManager,
fragment: Fragment,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
) {
// 将Fragment中的ViewModel加入监控队列
ViewModelClearedWatcher.install(fragment, reachabilityWatcher)
}
...
}
override fun invoke(activity: Activity) {
if (activity is FragmentActivity) {
val supportFragmentManager = activity.supportFragmentManager
// 注册Fragment生命周期回调
supportFragmentManager.registerFragmentLifecycleCallbacks(fragmentLifecycleCallbacks, true)
// 将activity中的ViewModel加入监控队列
ViewModelClearedWatcher.install(activity, reachabilityWatcher)
}
}
}
ViewModel存在于Activity和Fragment中,因此需要对两者的ViewModel进行监控,首先在invoke()
中注册了Fragment生命周期回调,并在回调的onFragmentCreated
通过ViewModelClearedWatcher
对该Fragment中的ViewModel进行监控,然后直接通过ViewModelClearedWatcher
对当前Activity进行了监控。
接着看一下ViewModelClearedWatcher
是如何处理的:
internal class ViewModelClearedWatcher(
storeOwner: ViewModelStoreOwner,
private val reachabilityWatcher: ReachabilityWatcher
) : ViewModel() {
private val viewModelMap: Map<String, ViewModel>?
init {
// We could call ViewModelStore#keys with a package spy in androidx.lifecycle instead,
// however that was added in 2.1.0 and we support AndroidX first stable release. viewmodel-2.0.0
// does not have ViewModelStore#keys. All versions currently have the mMap field.
viewModelMap = try {
val mMapField = ViewModelStore::class.java.getDeclaredField("mMap")
mMapField.isAccessible = true
// 反射获取ViewModelStore实例中的mMap对象
mMapField[storeOwner.viewModelStore] as Map<String, ViewModel>
} catch (ignored: Exception) {
null
}
}
override fun onCleared() {
// 遍历mMap对象将其中的每个ViewModel对象加入监控队列
viewModelMap?.values?.forEach { viewModel ->
reachabilityWatcher.expectWeaklyReachable(
viewModel, "${viewModel::class.java.name} received ViewModel#onCleared() callback"
)
}
}
companion object {
fun install(
storeOwner: ViewModelStoreOwner,
reachabilityWatcher: ReachabilityWatcher
) {
// 创建ViewModelProvider并设置一个Factory,
val provider = ViewModelProvider(storeOwner, object : Factory {
override fun <T : ViewModel?> create(modelClass: Class<T>): T =
// 创建ViewModelClearedWatcher并传递参数
ViewModelClearedWatcher(storeOwner, reachabilityWatcher) as T
})
provider.get(ViewModelClearedWatcher::class.java)
}
}
}
注意ViewModelClearedWatcher
是一个ViewModel,在install()
中创建了ViewModelClearedWatcher
的实例,在其初始化时反射获取当前ViewModelStoreOwner
对象的用于保存ViewModel的mMap
对象,然后在其onCleared
时遍历mMap
将其中的每个ViewModel对象加入监控队列。
3.3 小结:
1,对于Fragment的监控分了三种情况,分别是framework自带的,supportv4包中的和androidx中的。
2,Fragment的监控是在Activity创建时,获取当前Activity的fragmentManager,通过fragmentManager添加Fragment的生命周期回调,在回调中分别将Fragment对象以及其中的View添加到监控队列。
3,对于ViewModel的监控需要对Activity和Fragment中的ViewModel分别进行。
4,通过当前ViewModelStoreOwner
实例创建ViewModel对象,则该ViewModel对象会跟随ViewModelStoreOwner
实例一起销毁。
5,通过反射获取当前ViewModelStoreOwner
中用于存放ViewModel的集合mMap
,在4中创建的ViewModel销毁时遍历该mMap
,将其每个对象都添加到监控队列中。
4,RootViewWatcher
RootViewWatcher监测的是DecorView
,在Activity,Dialog,ToolTip和Toast等创建过程中都涉及到DecorView
的创建,那怎么获取到这玩意的添加和销毁呢?
熟悉View相关流程的应该知道,在ActivityThread中执行完Activity的onResume后会将其DecorView
添加到WindowManagerGlobal
的一个集合中,可以通过反射获取到这个集合,对这个集合进行代理即可监听DecorView
的添加和删除,给DecorView设置AttachStateChangeListener
即可监听DecorView的Attached
和Detached
状态。
LeakCanary的代码过于复杂,下面用简单的代码实现其大体流程:
class RootViewSpy {
fun install() {
val windowManagerClass = Class.forName("android.view.WindowManagerGlobal")
// 1,反射获取WindowManagerGlobal实例对象
val windowManagerInstance = windowManagerClass.getMethod("getInstance").invoke(null)
// 2,反射获取WindowManagerGlobal实例对象中的mViews集合
val mViewsField =
windowManagerClass.getDeclaredField("mViews").apply { isAccessible = true }
val mViews = mViewsField.get(windowManagerInstance) as ArrayList<View>
// 3,将mViews中的内容存入代理集合中
delegatingViewList.apply { addAll(mViews) }
// 4,用代理集合替换原始mViews对象
mViewsField.set(windowManagerInstance, delegatingViewList)
}
// 代理对象
private val delegatingViewList = object : ArrayList<View>() {
override fun add(rootView: View): Boolean {
// 给DecorView添加AttachStateChange状态监听
rootView.addOnAttachStateChangeListener(object : View.OnAttachStateChangeListener {
override fun onViewAttachedToWindow(v: View) {
LogUtil.e("onViewAttachedToWindow")
}
override fun onViewDetachedFromWindow(v: View) {
LogUtil.e("onViewDetachedFromWindow")
}
})
return super.add(rootView)
}
}
}
对WindowManagerImpl进行动态代理也可以监听DecorView的添加和删除
小结
1,反射获取WindowManagerGlobal中用于存DecorView的集合
2,对这个集合进行代理,监控DecorView的添加过程
3,对每个DecorView添加AttachStateChangeListener
,监测其Attached
和Detached
过程
4,由于前面已经有了Activity的检测,RootViewWatcher主要会对Toast,ToolTip及Dialog(默认不检测)的RootView进行监测
5,ServiceWatcher
监控服务的销毁需要对Service的Stop流程有所了解,Service的Stop有三种情况:Activity中stopService(),Service中stopSelf()和unBindService()。这三种情况通过不同方式进入AMS,但最终都会通过Binder方式调用ApplicationThread的scheduleStopService()
方法,ApplicationThread会通过handler发送消息给ActivityThread;ActivityThread中执行Service的Stop相关逻辑,最后ActivityThread会通知AMS做最后收尾工作。大体流程如下:
要监听Service的Stop有两个点:
-
在ActivityThread收到ApplicationThread消息时也就是上图中的Hook点1,通过给ActivityThread中的Handler对象添加callback来实现,此时Service并没有开始执行stop相关操作,因此可以获取其实例。
-
在ActivityThread中执行完Service的Stop后会通过binder调用通知AMS完成最后的工作,可以通过Hook AMS来监听到。此时服务已经执行了
onDestory()
,可能无法在获取到其实例了,因此需要在hook点1处保存service实例,然后在此处获取实例。
LeakCanary在Hook点1处获取即将stop的Service的实例,并通过弱引用保存,然后在Hook点2处获取实例的弱引用,进而对其监听。
代码使用了高阶函数,大体如下:
class ServiceWatcher {
private val servicesToBeDestroyed = WeakHashMap<IBinder, WeakReference<Service>>()
private val activityThreadClass by lazy { Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread") }
// 反射获取ActivityThread实例
private val activityThreadInstance by lazy {
activityThreadClass.getDeclaredMethod("currentActivityThread").invoke(null)!!
}
// 获取ActivityThread中的mService对象
private val activityThreadServices by lazy {
val mServicesField =
activityThreadClass.getDeclaredField("mServices").apply { isAccessible = true }
mServicesField.get(activityThreadInstance) as Map<IBinder, Service>
}
fun install() {
try {
swapActivityThreadHandlerCallback { mCallback ->
// 创建一个Handler的Callback对象
Handler.Callback { msg ->
if (msg.what == STOP_SERVICE) {
val key = msg.obj as IBinder
// 根据key(token)从mService中获取Service对象
activityThreadServices[key]?.let {
onServicePreDestroy(key, it)
}
}
mCallback?.handleMessage(msg) ?: false
}
}
swapActivityManager { activityManagerInterface, activityManagerInstance ->
// 动态代理
Proxy.newProxyInstance(
activityManagerInterface.classLoader, arrayOf(activityManagerInterface)
) { _, method, args ->
if (METHOD_SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING == method.name) {
val token = args!![0] as IBinder
if (servicesToBeDestroyed.containsKey(token)) {
// 当调用AMS的serviceDoneExecuting方法时执行onServiceDestroyed()
onServiceDestroyed(token)
}
}
try {
if (args == null) {
method.invoke(activityManagerInstance)
} else {
method.invoke(activityManagerInstance, *args)
}
} catch (invocationException: InvocationTargetException) {
throw invocationException.targetException
}
}
}
} catch (ignored: Throwable) {
LogUtil.e("Could not watch destroyed services")
}
}
private fun onServicePreDestroy(
token: IBinder,
service: Service
) {
LogUtil.e("onServicePreDestroy")
servicesToBeDestroyed[token] = WeakReference(service)
}
private fun onServiceDestroyed(token: IBinder) {
servicesToBeDestroyed.remove(token)?.also { serviceWeakReference ->
serviceWeakReference.get()?.let { service ->
LogUtil.e("${service::class.java.name} received Service#onDestroy() callback")
}
}
}
/**
* hook ActivityThread的handler
*/
private fun swapActivityThreadHandlerCallback(swap: (Handler.Callback?) -> Handler.Callback?) {
val mHField =
activityThreadClass.getDeclaredField("mH").apply { isAccessible = true }
val mH = mHField[activityThreadInstance] as Handler
val mCallbackField =
Handler::class.java.getDeclaredField("mCallback").apply { isAccessible = true }
// 获取mH的mCallback
val mCallback = mCallbackField[mH] as Handler.Callback?
// 替换mH的mCallback对象
mCallbackField[mH] = swap(mCallback)
}
/**
* hook ams binder proxy
*/
private fun swapActivityManager(swap: (Class<*>, Any) -> Any) {
val singletonClass = Class.forName("android.util.Singleton")
val mInstanceField =
singletonClass.getDeclaredField("mInstance").apply { isAccessible = true }
val singletonGetMethod = singletonClass.getDeclaredMethod("get")
val (className, fieldName) = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
"android.app.ActivityManager" to "IActivityManagerSingleton"
} else {
"android.app.ActivityManagerNative" to "gDefault"
}
val activityManagerClass = Class.forName(className)
val activityManagerSingletonField =
activityManagerClass.getDeclaredField(fieldName).apply { isAccessible = true }
val activityManagerSingletonInstance = activityManagerSingletonField[activityManagerClass]
// Calling get() instead of reading from the field directly to ensure the singleton is
// created.
// 获取AMS的binder代理对象
val activityManagerInstance = singletonGetMethod.invoke(activityManagerSingletonInstance)
val iActivityManagerInterface = Class.forName("android.app.IActivityManager")
// 用动态代理对象替换原对象
mInstanceField[activityManagerSingletonInstance] =
swap(iActivityManagerInterface, activityManagerInstance!!)
}
companion object {
private const val STOP_SERVICE = 116
private const val METHOD_SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING = "serviceDoneExecuting"
}
}
有一点需要注意,两个Hook点的方法参数都是IBinder
类型的token
,那如何根据token获取其实例呢?查看ActivityThread代码:
public final class ActivityThread {
...
// 保存所有Service实例及其对应IBinder
final ArrayMap<IBinder, Service> mServices = new ArrayMap<>();
...
// ActivityThread的当前实例
private static ActivityThread sCurrentActivityThread;
...
}
其中mServices
保存所有Service实例及其对应IBinder,sCurrentActivityThread是ActivityThread的当前实例并且是静态的,因此可以直接反射获取sCurrentActivityThread实例,然后可以反射获取mServices
对象,根据Hook点的token
参数即可获取Service实例。
小结
- 反射获取ActivityThread中的
mServices
实例,方便后面获取每个Service的实例 - 获取ActivityThread中的handler,给这个handler添加一个callback,即可实现对这个handler的hook
- 在第2步中,通过token参数从
mServices
中获取即将stop的Service的实例,然后通过弱引用保存 - Hook AMS,在ActivityThread执行完Service的stop操作后通知AMS时从2中的弱引用集合中获取Service的引用,将其加入监控队列
- 关于Hook AMS过程这里不做详细介绍,可以参考https://juejin.cn/post/7006951885089292296
6,最后
以上已经获取到了检测对象销毁的时机,接下来就是判断这些被销毁的对象是否发生了泄漏。至于如何dump heap,如何分析,如何通知用户等不是本文的重点,相关的文章也挺多的,这里不再具体分析。
LeakCanary
虽然是傻瓜式的工具,可以很方便的帮我们检测内存泄漏问题,但是要想使用好他就要知道它可以检测哪些对象的泄漏。
大家都觉得反射、hook是洪水猛兽,但LeakCanary
中却各种反射、各种hook,了解了这些思路方案对于解决一些特殊问题还是很有帮助的。
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接:[https://www.jianshu.com/p…)
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