opencv提供了一些自带的函数供我们绘制几何图形,涵盖了一些常见的几何图形。有规则的圆形、矩形、直线椭圆等。不规则的多边形也可以绘制,只不过相比规则的稍麻烦,需要传入一系列的坐标点进行绘制。话不多说,上代码先
/**
* @file Drawing_1.cpp
* @brief Simple geometric drawing
* @author OpenCV team
*/
//所需头文件
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#define w 400 //图像长宽
using namespace cv;
/// 函数声明
void MyEllipse( Mat img, double angle );//椭圆,所需参数为图像和和角度
void MyFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center );//圆面,所需参数图像和圆心坐标
void MyPolygon( Mat img );//多边形,所需参数为图像
void MyLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end );//直线,所需参数为图像和直线的起止坐标
//主函数
int main( void ){
//窗口名
char atom_window[] = "Drawing 1: Atom";
char rook_window[] = "Drawing 2: Rook";
/// Create black empty images
/// 创建两张空白的图像
Mat atom_image = Mat::zeros( w, w, CV_8UC3 );
Mat rook_image = Mat::zeros( w, w, CV_8UC3 );
//![create_images]
/// 1. Draw a simple atom:
/// 画一个简单的原子
/// -----------------------
//![draw_atom]
/// 1.a. Creating ellipses
///绘制不同角度的椭圆
MyEllipse( atom_image, 90 );
MyEllipse( atom_image, 0 );
MyEllipse( atom_image, 45 );
MyEllipse( atom_image, -45 );
/// 1.b. Creating circles
///绘制一个圆面
MyFilledCircle( atom_image, Point( w/2, w/2) );
//![draw_atom]
/// 2. Draw a rook
/// ------------------
//![draw_rook]
/// 2.a. Create a convex polygon
///绘制多边形
MyPolygon( rook_image );
//![rectangle]
/// 2.b. Creating rectangles
///绘制矩形
rectangle( rook_image,
Point( 0, 7*w/8 ),
Point( w, w),
Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),
FILLED,
LINE_8 );
//![rectangle]
/// 2.c. Create a few lines
MyLine( rook_image, Point( 0, 15*w/16 ), Point( w, 15*w/16 ) );
MyLine( rook_image, Point( w/4, 7*w/8 ), Point( w/4, w ) );
MyLine( rook_image, Point( w/2, 7*w/8 ), Point( w/2, w ) );
MyLine( rook_image, Point( 3*w/4, 7*w/8 ), Point( 3*w/4, w ) );
//![draw_rook]
/// 3. Display your stuff!
///显示绘制的结果
imshow( atom_window, atom_image );
moveWindow( atom_window, 0, 200 );
imshow( rook_window, rook_image );
moveWindow( rook_window, w, 200 );
waitKey( 0 );
return(0);
}
/// Function Declaration
/**
* @function MyEllipse
* @brief Draw a fixed-size ellipse with different angles
*/
//![my_ellipse]
void MyEllipse( Mat img, double angle )
{
int thickness = 2;//线条的粗细程度
int lineType = 8;//线条的类型
//调用ellipse函数绘制椭圆
ellipse( img,
Point( w/2, w/2 ),
Size( w/4, w/16 ),
angle,
0,
360,
Scalar( 255, 0, 0 ),
thickness,
lineType );
}
//![my_ellipse]
/**
* @function MyFilledCircle
* @brief Draw a fixed-size filled circle
*/
//![my_filled_circle]
void MyFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center )
{
//绘制圆面
circle( img,
center,
w/32,
Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),
FILLED,
LINE_8 );
}
//![my_filled_circle]
/**
* @function MyPolygon
* @brief Draw a simple concave polygon (rook)
*/
//![my_polygon]
//绘制多边形
void MyPolygon( Mat img )
{
int lineType = LINE_8;
/** Create some points */
//创建一系列的二维坐标
Point rook_points[1][20];
rook_points[0][0] = Point( w/4, 7*w/8 );
rook_points[0][1] = Point( 3*w/4, 7*w/8 );
rook_points[0][2] = Point( 3*w/4, 13*w/16 );
rook_points[0][3] = Point( 11*w/16, 13*w/16 );
rook_points[0][4] = Point( 19*w/32, 3*w/8 );
rook_points[0][5] = Point( 3*w/4, 3*w/8 );
rook_points[0][6] = Point( 3*w/4, w/8 );
rook_points[0][7] = Point( 26*w/40, w/8 );
rook_points[0][8] = Point( 26*w/40, w/4 );
rook_points[0][9] = Point( 22*w/40, w/4 );
rook_points[0][10] = Point( 22*w/40, w/8 );
rook_points[0][11] = Point( 18*w/40, w/8 );
rook_points[0][12] = Point( 18*w/40, w/4 );
rook_points[0][13] = Point( 14*w/40, w/4 );
rook_points[0][14] = Point( 14*w/40, w/8 );
rook_points[0][15] = Point( w/4, w/8 );
rook_points[0][16] = Point( w/4, 3*w/8 );
rook_points[0][17] = Point( 13*w/32, 3*w/8 );
rook_points[0][18] = Point( 5*w/16, 13*w/16 );
rook_points[0][19] = Point( w/4, 13*w/16 );
const Point* ppt[1] = { rook_points[0] };
int npt[] = { 20 };
//调用fillPoly函数绘制多边形
fillPoly( img,
ppt,
npt,
1,
Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),
lineType );
}
//![my_polygon]
/**
* @function MyLine
* @brief Draw a simple line
*/
//![my_line]
void MyLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end )
{
int thickness = 2;
int lineType = LINE_8;
//绘制直线
line( img,
start,
end,
Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),
thickness,
lineType );
}
//![my_line]
下面来分别看看几个绘制函数
- ellipse椭圆
先看看ellipse原型
void cv::ellipse ( InputOutputArray img, //图像
Point center, //圆心坐标
Size axes, //短轴长
double angle, //倾斜角
double startAngle, //起始角,长轴到起始边沿的夹角
double endAngle, //结束角,长轴到结束点的夹角
const Scalar & color, //颜色
int thickness = 1, //粗细
int lineType = LINE_8, //类型
int shift = 0
)
void cv::ellipse ( InputOutputArray img, //图像
const RotatedRect & box, //倾斜矩形
const Scalar & color, //颜色
int thickness = 1, //粗细
int lineType = LINE_8 //类型
)
函数原型有两个,看程序的调用可以知道本例程匹配个是第一个函数原型。
椭圆的绘制函数稍有点复杂,可以参考下面图示进行理解

- circle圆
void cv::circle ( InputOutputArray img, //图像
Point center, //圆心坐标
int radius, //半径
const Scalar & color, //颜色
int thickness = 1, //粗细
int lineType = LINE_8, //类型
int shift = 0
)
绘制圆型的函数比较简单,圆心坐标和半径可以确定一个圆
- fillPoly多边形
void cv::fillPoly ( Mat & img, //图像
const Point ** pts, //Point **类型的坐标点,与历程中相对应
const int * npts, //点的数量
int ncontours, //轮廓数
const Scalar & color, //颜色
int lineType = LINE_8, //类型
int shift = 0,
Point offset = Point()
)
void cv::fillPoly ( InputOutputArray img,
InputArrayOfArrays pts, //点坐标集合
const Scalar & color,
int lineType = LINE_8,
int shift = 0,
Point offset = Point() //偏移
)
- line直线
void cv::line ( InputOutputArray img, //图像
Point pt1, //坐标点1
Point pt2, //坐标点2
const Scalar & color, //颜色
int thickness = 1, //粗细
int lineType = LINE_8, //类型
int shift = 0
)
- rectangle矩形
void cv::rectangle ( InputOutputArray img, //图像
//对角两个点可以确定一个矩形
Point pt1,
Point pt2,
const Scalar & color, //颜色
int thickness = 1, //粗细
int lineType = LINE_8, //线条类型
int shift = 0
)
void cv::rectangle ( Mat & img, //图像
//一个Rect的矩形变量
Rect rec,
const Scalar & color, //绘制的颜色
int thickness = 1, //粗细
int lineType = LINE_8, //线条类型
int shift = 0
)
可以通过上面几个函数原型得出,几何绘制图形函数的参数都是分为两部分,一部分是构成几何图形的数学参数,如直线需要两个坐标点,圆形需要圆心和半径等,这是独有的。另一部分是对绘制线条的一个限定包括如下几个参数,颜色、粗细、类型、坐标点中的小数点位数。这是共有的。
- 颜色
typedef Scalar_<double> cv::Scalar //原型
//使用举例
Scalar( 255, 255, 255 )//白色
Scalar( 255, 0, 0)//蓝色
Scalar( 0, 255, )//绿色
Scalar( 0, 0, 255 )//红色
- 粗细
thickness,厚度。表示线条的粗细,单位应该是像素点
-
类型
lineType
image.png
四种类型分别是
-
填充,即假如绘制圆选用这个类型,结果会是绘制出一个实心圆面
-
八邻域连接
-
四邻域链接
-
抗锯齿,采用了高斯模糊去平滑
-
shift
坐标点中小数点的位数,默认一般为0
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