RecyclerView的缓存机制

RecyclerView的使用相信大家都很熟悉了，可以完全代替ListView和GridView，并且口味更佳，例如

• 四级缓存，ListView只有两级缓存
• Item添加动画
• 数据局部跟新
• 瀑布流。当然也可以自定义LayoutManager，规则布局你说了算
• .....

本文只讲解缓存机制。先来看一张Structure图

写RecyclerView的大佬可能有内部类情节，所以整个RecyclerView下来有1.2w余行，这还不包括已经实现的几个LinearLayoutManager、DividerItemDecoration等等几个类，所以想看完整个源码是不可能的，看懂大概流程就可以了

四级缓存

RecyclerView的缓存由内部类Recycler负责，回收和复用都是以ViewHolder为单位

第一级缓存

final ArrayList<ViewHolder> mAttachedScrap = new ArrayList<>();
ArrayList<ViewHolder> mChangedScrap = null;

第一级缓存有两个类型为ViewHolder的ArrayList集合，用来临时缓存屏幕中的Item。当数据更新重新绘制列表前会先清除所有Item，mChangedScrap保存被标记更新的Item，mAttachedScrap保存其他的Item

第二级缓存

final ArrayList<ViewHolder> mCachedViews = new ArrayList<ViewHolder>();

第二级缓存保存刚刚被移除屏幕，保存的ViewHolder都是有效的，默认最大缓存是2。先进先出原则，当大于最大缓存数时，会先移除第一个，再添加

第三级缓存

private ViewCacheExtension mViewCacheExtension;

第三级缓存Google没有实现，开发者一般也不会实现，可能是Google为了以后扩展。可以忽略

第四级缓存

RecycledViewPool mRecyclerPool;

第四级缓存保存无效的ViewHolder，从二级缓存放进去的，默认大小是5
RecycledViewPool有一个mScrap，保存不同类型的ViewHolder

SparseArray<RecyclerView.RecycledViewPool.ScrapData> mScrap = new SparseArray();

保存

Adapter和RecycledView之间是通过观察者模式来实现数据变化通知。当调用Adapter一系列notify方法时，Adapter会通知观察者，RecyclerView的观察者RecyclerViewDataObserver就会执行对应的方法

RecyclerViewDataObserver

public void onChanged() {
  ...  
  RecyclerView.this.requestLayout();
  ...
}

public void onItemRangeChanged(int positionStart, int itemCount, Object payload) {
  ...
  this.triggerUpdateProcessor();
  ...
}

void triggerUpdateProcessor() {
  //先执行动画，最后还是跑不掉了requestLayout，代码不贴了
  if (RecyclerView.POST_UPDATES_ON_ANIMATION && RecyclerView.this.mHasFixedSize && RecyclerView.this.mIsAttached) {
    ViewCompat.postOnAnimation(RecyclerView.this, RecyclerView.this.mUpdateChildViewsRunnable);
  } else {
    RecyclerView.this.mAdapterUpdateDuringMeasure = true;
    RecyclerView.this.requestLayout();
  }
}

观察者的方法里都又直接间接地调用了RecyclerView的requestLayout（会执行View绘制的三部曲onMeasure、onLayout、onDraw），在onLayout经过层层调用到mLayout.onLayoutChildren，mLayout是LayoutManager，LayoutManager是抽象类，这里以LinearLayoutManager为例看一下onLayoutChildren方法的具体实现

RecyclerView.java

protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
  ...
  this.dispatchLayout();
  ...
}

void dispatchLayout() {
  ...
  if (this.mState.mLayoutStep == 1) {
    //预布局，记录数据更新时需要执行的动画的信息
    this.dispatchLayoutStep1();
    this.mLayout.setExactMeasureSpecsFrom(this);
    //实际布局
    this.dispatchLayoutStep2();
  } else if (!this.mAdapterHelper.hasUpdates() && this.mLayout.getWidth() == this.getWidth() && this.mLayout.getHeight() == this.getHeight()) {
    this.mLayout.setExactMeasureSpecsFrom(this);
  } else {
    this.mLayout.setExactMeasureSpecsFrom(this);
    this.dispatchLayoutStep2();
  }
  
  //执行动画
  this.dispatchLayoutStep3();
  ...
}

private void dispatchLayoutStep2() {
  ...
  //布局
  mLayout.onLayoutChildren(mRecycler, mState);
  ...
}

LinearLayoutManager.java

@Override
public void onLayoutChildren(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, RecyclerView.State state) {
  if (mPendingSavedState != null || mPendingScrollPosition != NO_POSITION) {
    if (state.getItemCount() == 0) {
      //1.清空列表，回收所有的View，return
      removeAndRecycleAllViews(recycler);
      return;
    }
  }

  ...
  //2.临时回收
  detachAndScrapAttachedViews(recycler);
  ...
}

调用流程，代码不粘了，很简单

1. LayoutManager.removeAndRecycleAllViews ->
   LayoutManager.removeAndRecycleViewAt ->
   Recycler.recycleViewHolderInternal()
2. LayoutManager.detachAndScrapAttachedViews ->
   Recycler.scrapOrRecycleView ->
   Recycler.scrapView或者Recycler.recycleViewHolderInternal()

Recycler

void recycleViewHolderInternal(ViewHolder holder) {
  ...
  if (mViewCacheMax > 0 
      && !holder.hasAnyOfTheFlags(ViewHolder.FLAG_INVALID
                                | ViewHolder.FLAG_REMOVED
                                | ViewHolder.FLAG_UPDATE
                                | ViewHolder.FLAG_ADAPTER_POSITION_UNKNOWN)) {
    int cachedViewSize = mCachedViews.size();
    if (cachedViewSize >= mViewCacheMax && cachedViewSize > 0) {
      //超过最大缓存数，删除第一个
      recycleCachedViewAt(0);
      cachedViewSize--;
    }
    ...
    //存到第二级缓存
    mCachedViews.add(targetCacheIndex, holder);
    cached = true;
  }
  
  if (!cached) {
    //没有存到第二季缓存的话，存第四级
    addViewHolderToRecycledViewPool(holder, true);
    recycled = true;
  }
  ...
}

//临时缓存，数据未改变，可以直接使用
void scrapView(View view) {
  final ViewHolder holder = getChildViewHolderInt(view);
  if (holder.hasAnyOfTheFlags(ViewHolder.FLAG_REMOVED | ViewHolder.FLAG_INVALID)
        || !holder.isUpdated() || canReuseUpdatedViewHolder(holder)) {
               
    holder.setScrapContainer(this, false);
    //没有变化的
    mAttachedScrap.add(holder);
  } else {
    if (mChangedScrap == null) {
      mChangedScrap = new ArrayList<ViewHolder>();
    }
    holder.setScrapContainer(this, true);
    //位置变化的
    mChangedScrap.add(holder);
  }
}

复用

在LayoutManager的onLayoutChildren里面调用fill()为RecyclerView填充Item,fill里面循环调用layoutChunk来addView，直到填满屏幕

LinearLayoutManager.java

@Override
public void onLayoutChildren(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, RecyclerView.State state) {
  ...
  fill(recycler, mLayoutState, state, false);
  ...
}


int fill(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, LayoutState layoutState,
            RecyclerView.State state, boolean stopOnFocusable) {
  ...
  while ((layoutState.mInfinite || remainingSpace > 0) && layoutState.hasMore(state)) {
    layoutChunkResult.resetInternal();
    layoutChunk(recycler, state, layoutState, layoutChunkResult);
    if (layoutChunkResult.mFinished) {
      break;
    }
    ...
    if (stopOnFocusable && layoutChunkResult.mFocusable) {
      break;
    }
    ...
  }
  ...
  return start - layoutState.mAvailable;
}


void layoutChunk(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, RecyclerView.State state,
        LayoutState layoutState, LayoutChunkResult result) {
  ...
  View view = layoutState.next(recycler);
  ...
}

View next(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler) {
  ...
  //通过position获取View
  final View view = recycler.getViewForPosition(mCurrentPosition);
  mCurrentPosition += mItemDirection;
  return view;
}

Recycler
最终获取缓存都会调用Recycler的tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline方法，这个方法里可以看到尝试从四级缓存中获取ViewHolder，如果获取不到就重新创建ViewHolder

public View getViewForPosition(int position) {
  return getViewForPosition(position, false);
}

View getViewForPosition(int position, boolean dryRun) {
  return tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(position,dryRun,FOREVER_NS).itemView;
}

//非常重要的一个方法
@Nullable
ViewHolder tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(int position, boolean dryRun, long deadlineNs) {
  ...
  ViewHolder holder = null;
  //通过mChangedScrap获取缓存
  if (mState.isPreLayout()) {
    holder = getChangedScrapViewForPosition(position);
    fromScrapOrHiddenOrCache = holder != null;
  }

  ...
  //通过mAttachedScrap或者mCachedViews获取缓存
  if (holder == null) {
    holder = getScrapOrHiddenOrCachedHolderForPosition(position, dryRun);
  }

  ...
  //通过StableId进行获取缓存，也是从mAttachedScrap或者mCachedViews获取
  if (holder == null) {
    ...
    if (mAdapter.hasStableIds()) {
    holder = getScrapOrCachedViewForId(mAdapter.getItemId(offsetPosition),  type, dryRun);
  }

  //通过mViewCacheExtension获取缓存
  if (holder == null && mViewCacheExtension != null) {
    final View view = mViewCacheExtension.getViewForPositionAndType(this, position, type);
    if (view != null) {
      holder = getChildViewHolder(view);
    }
  }
  
  //通过mRecyclerPool获取缓存
  if (holder == null) {
    holder = getRecycledViewPool().getRecycledView(type);
  }
  
  //只能创建ViewHolder
  if (holder == null) {
    holder = mAdapter.createViewHolder(RecyclerView.this, type);
  }
 
  return holder;
}

这就是RecyclerView的四级缓存机制，其实也就三级，ViewCacheExtension这里是空实现

脑瓜疼，想喝手磨咖啡

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