在开发的过程中，除了代码本身，测试也是重要的一环。大体来说，测试分为以下几种类型：
单元测试
功能测试
性能测试
安全测试
单元测试工具 Karma
要使用 Karma 对代码进行单元测试，首先需要安装一系列的相关插件。我们来新建一个名为 myKarmDemo 的目录，并安装相关的插件：
npm install karma-cli -g
npm install karma jasmine-core karma-jasmine karma-phantomjs-launcher -D
接下来对我们的工程进行初始化：
karma init
之后会弹出一些选项，其中包含了一些初始化的配置工作，使用上下方向键可以在配置项之间进行切换。我这里选择使用 Jasmine 测试框架，使用 PhantomJS 无界面浏览器，整体的配置选项如下：
myKarmDemo karma init
Which testing framework do you want to use ?
Press tab to list possible options. Enter to move to the next question.
> jasmine
Do you want to use Require.js ?
This will add Require.js plugin.
Press tab to list possible options. Enter to move to the next question.
> no
Do you want to capture any browsers automatically ?
Press tab to list possible options. Enter empty string to move to the next question.
> PhantomJS
What is the location of your source and test files ?
You can use glob patterns, eg. "js/*.js" or "test/**/*Spec.js".
Enter empty string to move to the next question.
>
Should any of the files included by the previous patterns be excluded ?
You can use glob patterns, eg. "**/*.swp".
Enter empty string to move to the next question.
>
Do you want Karma to watch all the files and run the tests on change ?
Press tab to list possible options.
> no
Config file generated at "/home/charley/Desktop/myKarmDemo/karma.conf.js".
初始化完成之后，会在我们的项目中生成一个 karma.conf.js 文件，这个文件就是 Karma 的配置文件。
配置文件比较简单，能够比较轻松的看懂，这里我对原始的配置文件进行简单的修改，结果如下：
// Karma configuration
// Generated on Sun Oct 29 2017 21:45:27 GMT+0800 (CST)
module.exports = function(config) {
config.set({
// base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
basePath: '',
// frameworks to use
// available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
frameworks: ['jasmine'],
// list of files / patterns to load in the browser
files: [
"./src/**/*.js",
"./test/**/*.spec.js",
],
// list of files to exclude
exclude: [
],
// preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
// available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
preprocessors: {
},
// test results reporter to use
// possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
// available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
reporters: ['progress'],
// web server port
port: 9876,
// enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
colors: true,
// level of logging
// possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
// enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
autoWatch: false,
// start these browsers
// available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
browsers: ['PhantomJS'],
// Continuous Integration mode
// if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
singleRun: true,
// Concurrency level
// how many browser should be started simultaneous
concurrency: Infinity
})
}
然后创建一个 src 目录和一个 test 目录，在其中分别创建 index.js 和 index.spec.js 文件。
我要做的测试内容比较简单，对 index.js 中的两个函数（一个加法函数，一个乘法函数）进行测试。
index.js 文件如下：
// 加法函数
function add(x){
return function(y){
return x + y;
}
}
// 乘法函数
function multi(x){
return function(y){
return x * y + 1;
}
}
index.spec.js 文件如下：
describe("运算功能单元测试",function(){
it("加法函数测试",function(){
var add5 = add(5)
expect(add5(5)).toBe(10)
});
it("乘法函数测试",function(){
var multi5 = multi(5)
expect(multi5(5)).toBe(25)
})
})
单测的代码写好后，就可以使用 karma start 来运行单元测试。由于我们的乘法代码中有错误，因此测试结果是这样的：
myKarmDemo karma start
29 10 2017 22:21:56.283:INFO [karma]: Karma v1.7.1 server started at http://0.0.0.0:9876/
29 10 2017 22:21:56.287:INFO [launcher]: Launching browser PhantomJS with unlimited concurrency
29 10 2017 22:21:56.294:INFO [launcher]: Starting browser PhantomJS
29 10 2017 22:21:56.549:INFO [PhantomJS 2.1.1 (Linux 0.0.0)]: Connected on socket 0h6boaepSUMwG7l2AAAA with id 44948955
PhantomJS 2.1.1 (Linux 0.0.0) 运算功能单元测试 乘法函数测试 FAILED
Expected 26 to be 25.
test/index.spec.js:9:31
PhantomJS 2.1.1 (Linux 0.0.0): Executed 2 of 2 (1 FAILED) (0.048 secs / 0.002 secs)
将乘法函数的代码改为正常，再次启用 karma start 进行测试：
29 10 2017 22:23:08.670:INFO [karma]: Karma v1.7.1 server started at http://0.0.0.0:9876/
29 10 2017 22:23:08.673:INFO [launcher]: Launching browser PhantomJS with unlimited concurrency
29 10 2017 22:23:08.685:INFO [launcher]: Starting browser PhantomJS
29 10 2017 22:23:08.940:INFO [PhantomJS 2.1.1 (Linux 0.0.0)]: Connected on socket pl_pZDcAK4rBTpr0AAAA with id 40770640
PhantomJS 2.1.1 (Linux 0.0.0): Executed 2 of 2 SUCCESS (0.045 secs / 0.001 secs)
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