英译汉

1. The importance of agriculture cannot be overstated.

农业的重要性怎么强调都不为过。

农业的重要性怎样强调都不为过。

2. More than 50% of the world's labour force is employed in agriculture.

世界上50%以上的劳动力从事着农业。

世界百分之五十以上的劳动力从事农业。

【转态译法】被动语态is employed 要按照汉语的习惯译为主动：从事。

3. The distribution in the early 1980s ranged from 67 percent of those employed in Africa to less than 5 percent in North America. In Western Europe, the figure was about 16 percent; in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, about 32 percent; and in Asia, about 68 percent.

在20世纪80年代早期，农业劳动力的比率从北美的少于5%到非洲的67%不等。在西欧，农业劳动力的比例大约是16%；东欧及苏联大约是32%；而在亚洲大约为68%。

二十世纪八十年代初，农业劳动力的比例在非洲高达百分之六十七，在北美洲则不足百分之五，在西欧约为百分之十六，在东欧和苏联约为百分之三十二，在亚洲则约为百分之六十八。

英语中虽然是两个句子，但汉语中表达都是劳动力在各地的比例，所以用一个句子来表达，更加简洁、紧凑。

4. Farm size varies widely from region to region.

农场的大小在地区之间也有很大不同。

农场规模因地而异，差别很大。

size在这里连同farm译成“农场规模”更恰当。

本文还有一些表达“农场”以及相关的用法，有些属于固定词组，需要内化。

a single landholding 私人农场

plantations 种植园，大庄园

sheep stations牧养场

livestock farm 畜牧场

individual subsistence farm （零散的维持生计的）个体农场

small-family mixed-farm operations 混合经营的小规模家庭农场

5. Recently the average for Canadian farms was about 186 ha (about 460 acres) per farm, and for US farms, about 175 ha (about 432 acres).

近来加拿大农场的平均大小约为每个农场186公顷（约460英亩）；对于美国农场来说，约为175公顷（约432英亩）。

直到最近，加拿大农场的规模平均为186公顷（约合460英亩），美国农场的规模约为175公顷（约合432英亩）。

6. The average size of a single landholding in the Philippines, however, may be somewhat less than 3.6 ha( less than 9 acres), and in Indonesia, a little less than 1.2 ha( less than 3 acres).

然而，在菲律宾，单一农场的平均大小小于3.6公顷（约9英亩）；在印度尼西亚则略1.2公顷（小于3英亩）。

但在菲律宾，私人农场的规模平均略少于3.6公顷（不足9英亩），在印度尼西亚则略少于1.2公顷（不足3英亩）。

7. Size also depends on the purpose of the farm.

农场的规模也受限于农场的目的。

农场的规模还取决于其用途。

depend on：依靠，依赖。这里根据上下文译成“取决于”。

the purpose of the farm：农场的用途。

8. Commercial farming, or production for cash, is usually done on large landholdings.

商业种植，或者说以赚钱为目的的生产，通常建立在大的农场上。

大农场通常从事商业耕种，或者说为赚钱而生产。

9. The plantations of Latin America are large, privately owned estates worked by tenant labour.

拉丁美洲的是庞大的、私有的庄园式种植园，雇佣着长期劳动力。

拉丁美洲的大庄园就是大片的额私有土地，雇人劳动。

10. Single-crop plantations produce tea, rubber, cocoa.

单一作物的种植园生产茶叶、橡胶、可可。

单一作物的种植园生产茶叶、橡胶或可可。

11. Wheat farms are most efficient when they comprise some thousands of hectares and can be worked by teams of people and machines.

当进行团队式机械化作业、且农场规模有数千公顷时，谷物农场是最有效率的。

生产小麦的农场最有效益。它们拥有几千亩土地，雇佣一群群工人，并使用机器。

12. Australian sheep stations and other livestock farms must be large to provide grazing for thousands of animals.

澳大利亚的牧羊场以及其他家畜牧场必须是大规模的，这样才能为数以千计的动物提供放牧场地。

澳大利亚的牧养场和其他畜牧场的规模一定要大到足以能为成千的牲畜提供重组的饲料。

13. Individual subsistence farms or small-family mixed-farm operations are decreasing in number in developed countries but are still numerous in the developing countries of Africa and Asia.

在发达国家，私有的用以维持生计的农场或者小型家庭混合农场正在减少，但在亚洲和非洲的发展中国家，它们仍然有着庞大的数量。

零散的维持升级的个体牧场，或者说混合经营的小规模家庭农场，在发达国家已日渐减少，但在非洲和亚洲的发展中国家里仍大量存在。

14. A "back-to-the-land" movement in the US reversed the decline of small farms in New England and Alaska in the decade from 1970 to 1980.

从1970年到1980年，美国的一场“回归大地”的运动延缓了新英格兰和阿拉斯加的小农场的减速。

美国的“返回田地”运动扭转了1970年到180年这十年间新英格兰和阿拉斯加小农场衰败的局面。

【换序译法】decline后面有很长的修饰成分，在翻译中采取断句法将它拆开来翻译，或用换序法把它的修饰成分移到所修饰词的前面。这里采取第二种方法。

reversed the decline of ：扭转了……的衰败（局面）

15. The conditions that determine what will be raised in an area include climate, water supply, and the terrain.

决定一个地区应该种植什么作物的因素包括气候、水资源以及地形。

一个地区究竟生产什么取决于它的气候、洪水、地形和其他条件。

16. Over the 10,000 years since agriculture began to be developed, people everywhere have discovered the food value of wild plants and animals and domesticated and bred them.

农业开始发展的一万年以来，各地的人们已经发现了野生植物和动物的食用价值，并教化、蓄养了它们。

自有农业以来的一万多年中，各地的人们发现了野生动植物的食用价值，于是将其加以驯化或栽培。

17. The most important are cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, corn and rye.

最重要的是谷物，包括小麦、水稻、大麦、玉米和黑麦。

最重要的是谷物，如小麦、稻子、大麦、玉米和黑麦。

18. Agricultural income is also derived from non-food crops such as rubber, fiber plants, tobacco, and oilseeds used in synthetic chemical compounds.

农业收入也来自非食用作物，如橡胶、纤维植物、烟草和用于人工化合物的含油种子。

农业收入还来自非粮食作物，如橡胶、纤维植物、烟草以及可用于生产化学合成品的油料作物。

19. Money is also derived from raising animals for pelt.

此外，金钱也来自于动物养殖和动物皮毛。

此外，还可通过饲养动物取其皮毛而获利。

20. Much of the foreign exchange earned by a country may be derived by a single commodity; for example, Sri Lanka depends on tea, Denmark specialises in dairy products, Australia in wool, and New Zealand and Argentina in meat products.

一国的外汇收入有很大一部分可能是来自于一种简单的日用品。比如，斯里兰卡依赖于茶叶、丹麦专业化生产日用产品，澳大利亚专业生产羊毛，新西兰和阿根廷专业生产肉类产品。

一个国家争取的外汇，很大一部分可能来自某种单一的商品。例如，斯里兰卡依靠茶叶，丹麦专门经营奶制品，澳大利亚出口羊毛，新西兰和阿根廷则出口肉类制品。

dairy：奶制品

21. In the US, wheat has become a major foreign exchange commodity in recent years.

在美国，小麦近年已经成为了一项主要的外汇商品。

在美国，近年来小麦已成为其赚取外汇的主要商品。

22. The importance of an individual country as an exporter of agricultural products depends on many variables.

作为农业产品出口方的国家的重要性来源于各个方面。

一个国家是否以出口农产品为主取决于许多可变因素。

23. Among them is the possibility that the country is too little developed industrially to produce manufactured goods in sufficient quantity or technical sophistication.

其中一个便是这个国家在工业上的发展过于迟缓，以至于它不能高质高效地生产手工产品或技术产品。

其中一个因素就是这个国家的工业可能很不发达，无法生产足够数量和技术先进的工业品。

too...to...结构的翻译：很……以至于……

24. Such agricultural exporters include Ghana with cocoa and Myanmar with rice.

这样的农产品出口国包括生产可可的加纳和生产水稻的缅甸。

这类农产品出口国包括加纳，出口可可；还有缅甸，出口大米。

25. On the other hand, an exceptionally well-developed country may produce surpluses not needed by its own population; this has been true of the US, Canada, and some of the West European countries.

另一方面，一个特别发达的国家可能有它自身人口不需要的生产剩余，比如说美国和加拿大，以及西欧的一些国家。

另一方面，特别发达的国家可能生产过剩，大于本国人的需求，美国、加拿大和一部分西欧国家就是这种情况。

---

汉译英

1. 由于西藏处于“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史件的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。

Tibet, located on the "world's roof ridge", added the various historical limitation of being hundreds of years' of lagging feudal serfdom society, is in the undeveloped region within the country.

Tibet, located on the "roof of the world", is still an undeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries ofbackwardfeudal serfdom.

2. 但是，50年的发展已经极大地改变了其昔日落后的面貌，西藏人民生活质量大大提高。

However, 50 years of developing have vastly changed the once poor and backward state and have enhanced people' living standard greatly.

However, the development of Tibet in the past fifty years has greatly changed itsfoamerpoor andbackwardlook, and Tibetan people's living standards have greatly improved.

3. 社会经济的发展极大地丰富了人民的物质文化生活。

The development of the society has enriched people's material and cultural life.

Social and economic development has enriched the people's material and cultural life remarkably.

4. 2000年，西藏全区各族人民已基本拜托贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。

In 2000, people all around Tibet have got rid of poverty on the whole, and have enough to eat and wear, some of which have reached the well-to-do level.

In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook offpoverty,and had enough to eat and wear. Some of them began to live a better-off life.

5. 随着人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩电、洗衣机、摩托车、手表等消费品进入了越来越多寻常百姓家。

As the people's life getting richer and richer, merchandises such as refrigerator, colorcast, washing machine, motorcycle and watch have come into more and more ordinary person's home.

Along with the improvement in the people's livelihood, consumer goods such as refrigerators,colorTV sets, washing machines, motorcycles and wristwatches have entered more and more ordinary homes.

6. 不少富裕起来的农牧民盖起了新房，有的还购买了汽车。

Many well-off farmers and herdsmen have built new houses, and some have even bought cars.

Manywell-offarmers and herdsmen have built new houses, some have even bought automobiles.

7. 西藏目前的人均居住面积处于全国首位。

Theeveragedwelling space in Tibet ranges the first in the country.

Currently, Tibet ranks first in per-capita housing in the country.

8. 广播、电视、通信互联网等现代信息传递手段已深入到人民群众的日常生活。

Modern media of transferring information such as telecom, television, communication and internet have filtered into people's daily life.

Radio, television, telecommunications, the Internet and other modern information transmissions means are now part of daily life in Tibet By radio and TV.

9. 绝大多数地区的老百姓能够通过收听收看广播、电视，了解全国和全世界各地的新闻。当地百姓能够通过电话、电报、传真或互联网等手段获取信息资料，并与全国和全世界各地取得联系。

People in most areas have access to the country's and the world's news by listening to the telecom and watching TV. Local people can get information and keep in touch with the country and the world by phone, by telecom, by fax or via the internet.

Local people can obtain information from and make contracts with other peoples of the country and the world through telephone, telegram, fax or the Internet.

10. 由于缺医少药状况得到根本改变，人民群众的健康水平大幅度提高。

Thanks to the essential change in the situation of a shortage of medical services and doctors, the health conditions of people have improved much.

The Tibetan people's health has also improved substantially because the situation featuring conduct of both doctors and medicine has changed fundamentally.

11. 西藏人均预期寿命由二十世纪五十年代的35.5岁增加到现在的67岁。

The average life expectancy has increased from the 35.5 years during the 1950s to 67 years nowadays.

The average life expectancy of the Tibetan people has increased fromthirty fivepointfive years in the nineteen fifties tosixty sevenyears presently.