linux常用命令集

#########  面向CentOS7/8  ##############
systemctl start httpd
# 启动httpd服务
systemctl status httpd
#查看http状态
systemctl list-unit-files
centos7查看开机自启项(左边是服务名称，右边是状态，enabled是开机启动，disabled是开机不启动。)
systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled
# 仅查看启动项
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=2333/tcp --permanent
# 开放2333端口
firewall-cmd --reload
# 重新载入防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=2333/tcp
# 查看端口 

rewrite ^(.*)$ https://${server_name}$1 permanent; 
# centos7 nginx 80端口转发443

# ssh免密登录：


# centos7网络时间同步 

 yum -y install ntp ntpdate

 ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

 hwclock --systohc

# 递归更改目录及目录中文件权限（-R为递归，755为权限）
chmod -R 755 file-dir-name

#  查看用户
cut -d : -f 1 /etc/passwd

# 查看用户组
cut -d : -f 1 /etc/group

# 查看用户权限
id nfsuser（用户名）

# uid反查用户名
getent passwd uid

# 删除usertest这个用户
userdel -r usertest


######################  -----CentOS7部署LNMP环境-----    ###########################
# yum安装nginx
rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

yum -y install nginx

systemctl start nginx && systemctl enable nginx

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
gzip后面追加：
server {
 listen       80;
 root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
 server_name  localhost;
 #charset koi8-r;
 #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;

 location / {
       index index.php index.html index.htm;
 }
 #error_page  404              /404.html;

 error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
 location = /50x.html {
   root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
 }
 #pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

 location ~ .php$ {
   fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
   fastcgi_index  index.php;
   fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
   include        fastcgi_params;
 }
}

# 安装php
rpm -Uvh https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

yum -y install mod_php72w.x86_64 php72w-cli.x86_64 php72w-common.x86_64 php72w-mysqlnd php72w-fpm.x86_64

systemctl start php-fpm && systemctl enable php-fpm

echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php

systemctl restart nginx

访问http://ip测试

# 安装mariadb
rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb

yum -y remove mariadb*

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.4/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

yum -y install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server && systemctl start mariadb

systemctl enable mariadb

# 或者安装mysql5.7

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
yum -y localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm 
yum -y install mysql-community-server
systemctl start mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld
# 查看初始密码
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
#登陆，这里使用初始密码进行登陆并修改密码;
mysql -uroot -p
#  设置密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MySQLP@ssw0rd';
# 这里如果想要设置低复杂度的密码可使用：
set global validate_password_policy=0;和 set global validate_password_length=1;

mysql8.0使用：  set global validate_password.policy=0;  和set global validate_password.length=1;
mysql8.0创建用户
create user 'user'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'MySQLUserP@ssw0rd';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;

# 然后设置密码即可
# 刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
#输入 \q  退出

####################LNMP环境结束########################

# 配置java1.8环境变量

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/share/jdk1.8
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

mysql初次启动初始密码 root下提升普通用户权限