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生命周期事件管理利器 —— Lifecycle 原理详解

生命周期事件管理利器 —— Lifecycle 原理详解

作者: MxsQ | 来源:发表于2018-07-04 21:06 被阅读0次

    Lifecycle是什么

    简单来说,Lifecycle是官方提供以方便管理声明周期事件的方式,给Activity、Fragment减肥。能把他们之中在生命周期变动时,需要做的各类事件抽离出来,集中到我们想的地方进行管理。

    准备

    添加依赖

    dependencies {
       .....
        // 低版本SDK是compile
        implementation 'android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:1.1.1'
        annotationProcessor "android.arch.lifecycle:compiler:1.1.1"
        .....
    }
    

    添加仓库 (非必须,有些环境需要)

    buildscript {
        
        repositories {
           ....
           //  官方提供,会被墙
            maven { url 'https://maven.google.com' }
          //  不能翻墙用这个
            maven { url 'https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2' }  
           ....
        }
    }
    

    案例

    public class MyLife implements LifecycleObserver {
    
        private static final String TAG = "T-MyLife";
    
        @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
        void A(){
            Log.d(TAG, "create");
        }
    
        @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START)
        void B(){
            Log.d(TAG, "onStart");
        }
    
        @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME)
        void C(){
            Log.d(TAG, "onResume");
        }
    
        @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE)
        void D(){
            Log.d(TAG, "Pause");
        }
    
        @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP)
        void E(){
            Log.d(TAG, "onStop");
        }
    
        @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
        void F(){
            Log.d(TAG, "destroy");
        }
    
        @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY)
        void G(){
            Log.d(TAG, "Any");
        }
    }
    

    在Activity里进行注册

        MyLife life;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_b);
    
            life = new MyLife();
            getLifecycle().addObserver(life);
        }
    
    

    日志,如下图


    生命周期.jpg

    从日志中能看到,各生命周期变动时相应的被标示的函数都获得了执行机会,并且ANY在任意生命周期变动时都会被执行。

    注册过程

    Marks a class as a LifecycleObserver. It does not have any methods, instead, relies on
    {@link OnLifecycleEvent} annotated methods.
    大意是令该类成为生命周期观察者,无需实现任何方法,周期事件的触发依赖于@OnLifecycleEvent注解

    首先,要监听使命周期必须要实现LifecycleObserver以做观察者标识,其中没有任何方法,通过源码注解可以看到。

    getLifecycle().addObserver(life);
    

    观察者通过以上代码进行注册

    当前位置
    LifecycleRegistry.addObserver() 
    
    // 初始化状态
    State initialState = mState == DESTROYED ? DESTROYED : INITIALIZED;
    // 装配观察者信息
    ObserverWithState statefulObserver = new ObserverWithState(observer, initialState);
    // 保存信息
    ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver);
    

    这里可以先了解一下State,代码入下

      // 以下所说调用方法均指android.app.Activity
        public enum State {
           //此状态下,Lifecycle不会分发任何事件
            DESTROYED,
           //此状态下,说明走到onCreate()
            INITIALIZED,
           //此状态下,说明走到onCreate()之后,或onStop()之前
            CREATED,
           //此状态下,说明走到onStart()之后,或onPause()之前
            STARTED,
           //此状态下,说明走到onResume()之后
            RESUMED;
            }
    
    

    简单来说,State用来标示被观察者所处于的生命状态

    观察者信息的装配

    当前位置 ObserverWithState
    构造函数
    
    public ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, State initialState) {
        //  装配观察者,获取回调对象
        mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.getCallback(observer);
        mState = initialState;
    }
    

    不解释

    当前位置
    LifecycleRegistry.addObserver()
    -- ObserverWithState()
    -- Lifecycling.getCallback()

    代码如下图

    lifecycle 构造.jpg

    从代码上看,getCallback()主要通过反射并根据type以及Constructor对象的具体情况返回了不同的GenericLifecycleObserver(通过搜索能看到的实现类有5个,自行验证)对象。这里要注意,用来做判断的Constructor,并不是从我们传来的object对象也就是MyLife提取的,而是通过加工MyLife生成了一个新的类——MyLife_LifecycleAdapter,然后进行提取。不难发现,这一切是在getObserverConstructorType()里完成的。

    这里就要问,为什么要构成新的类,具体情况如何

    当前位置
    Lifecycling.getCallback()
    -- getObserverConstructorType()
    -- resolveObserverCallbackTyp()
    -- generatedConstructor()

    1.jpg

    可见,generatedConstructor()构造出了即将会被放在MyLife同路径下的类MyLife_LifecycleAdapter的构造信息

    当前位置
    Lifecycling.getCallback()
    -- getObserverConstructorType()
    -- resolveObserverCallbackTyp()
    
     private static int resolveObserverCallbackType(Class<?> klass) {
        ....
            Constructor<? extends GeneratedAdapter> constructor = generatedConstructor(klass);
            if (constructor != null) {
                sClassToAdapters.put(klass, Collections
                        .<Constructor<? extends GeneratedAdapter>>singletonList(constructor));
                // 此例中运行到此
                return GENERATED_CALLBACK;
            }
    ....
    }
    

    MyLife_LifecycleAdapter的构造信息被保存到了sClassToAdapters中,并在此函数中将type=GENERATED_CALLBACK信息传回getCallback()

    在当前节点MyLife_LifecycleAdapter还没有被构造出来,不难猜测在其他节点会被构造,在这里忽略跟踪这个过程,直接看一眼MyLife_LifecycleAdapter具体情况

    public class MyLife_LifecycleAdapter implements GeneratedAdapter {
      final MyLife mReceiver;
    
      MyLife_LifecycleAdapter(MyLife receiver) {
        this.mReceiver = receiver;
      }
    
      @Override
      public void callMethods(LifecycleOwner owner, Lifecycle.Event event, boolean onAny,
          MethodCallsLogger logger) {
        boolean hasLogger = logger != null;
        if (onAny) {
          if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall("G", 1)) {
            mReceiver.G();
          }
          return;
        }
        if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE) {
          if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall("A", 1)) {
            mReceiver.A();
          }
          return;
        }
        if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_START) {
          if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall("B", 1)) {
            mReceiver.B();
          }
          return;
        }
        if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME) {
          if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall("C", 1)) {
            mReceiver.C();
          }
          return;
        }
        if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE) {
          if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall("D", 1)) {
            mReceiver.D();
          }
          return;
        }
        if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) {
          if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall("E", 1)) {
            mReceiver.E();
          }
          return;
        }
        if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) {
          if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall("F", 1)) {
            mReceiver.F();
          }
          return;
        }
      }
    }
    

    仅有方法callMethods(),以及我们的观察者MyLife的实例。以上代码告知信息如下
    -Lifecycle框架为我们适配了MyLife,以符合使用标准,实际是会通过适配类去触发调用此例中的的生命周期观察者MyLife
    -被@OnLifecycleEvent的函数最终被解析如生成的适配类中,并根据Event情况触发

    插播一下Event

        public enum Event {
            ON_CREATE,
            ON_START,
            ON_RESUME,
            ON_PAUSE,
            ON_STOP,
            ON_DESTROY,
            ON_ANY
        }
    

    用来标示观察者相应生命周期触发的事件,并据此被分配在生成的适配类中的相应位置

    回到getCallback()
    在我们的例子中,返回的是SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver,以下为完整代码

    public class SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver implements GenericLifecycleObserver {
    
        private final GeneratedAdapter mGeneratedAdapter;
    
        SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver(GeneratedAdapter generatedAdapter) {
            mGeneratedAdapter = generatedAdapter;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event) {
            mGeneratedAdapter.callMethods(source, event, false, null);
            mGeneratedAdapter.callMethods(source, event, true, null);
        }
    }
    

    可见,生成的适配类的实例被保存了下来。其他的GenericLifecycleObserver与此类似持有此信息

    到这里,整个注册完毕,流程如下:

    • 调用LifecycleRegistry.addObserver()进行注册
    • ObserverWithState负责存储装配的信息
    • 初始化State
    • Lifecycling.getCallback()根据观察者情况生成了适配类,信息被GenericLifecycleObserver持有,且GenericLifecycleObserver被ObserverWithState持有
    • 观察者于ObserverWithState绑定

    触发阶段

    public class SupportActivity extends Activity implements LifecycleOwner{
        protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            // 注入
            ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
        }
    }
    

    ReportFragment会被注入到SupportActivity中,在声明周期发生变更时,作为Fragment,ReportFragment会接收到讯息

    ReportFragment部分代码
        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
            dispatchCreate(mProcessListener);
            dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onStart() {
            super.onStart();
            dispatchStart(mProcessListener);
            dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onResume() {
            super.onResume();
            dispatchResume(mProcessListener);
            dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onPause() {
            super.onPause();
            dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onStop() {
            super.onStop();
            dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY);
            // just want to be sure that we won't leak reference to an activity
            mProcessListener = null;
        }
    
        private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) {
            // 也就是SupportActivity
            Activity activity = getActivity();
            if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
                ((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
                return;
            }
    
            if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {
              // 也就是LifecycleRegistry
                Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();
                if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {
                    ((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);
                }
            }
        }
    

    在触发此Fragment的生命周期时,所有事件都会通过dispatch()触发,最终交由LifecycleRegistry处理

    当前位置
    LifecycleRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent()
    
        public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
           // 获取状态
            State next = getStateAfter(event);
           // 执行事件,并更新状态
            moveToState(next);
        }
    
    当前位置
    LifecycleRegistry. moveToState()
    -sync()
    
        private void sync() {
            // 也就是SupportActiviy
            LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
            if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
                Log.w(LOG_TAG, "LifecycleOwner is garbage collected, you shouldn't try dispatch "
                        + "new events from it.");
                return;
            }
            while (!isSynced()) {
                mNewEventOccurred = false;
                // no need to check eldest for nullability, because isSynced does it for us.
                if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) {
                    backwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
                }
                Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> newest = mObserverMap.newest();
                if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null
                        && mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) {
                    forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
                }
            }
            mNewEventOccurred = false;
        }
    

    主要看backwardPass(lifecycleOwner)和forwardPass(lifecycleOwner),代码类似,择其一

        private void backwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
            Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> descendingIterator =
                    mObserverMap.descendingIterator();
            while (descendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) {
                Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = descendingIterator.next();
                // 获取到每一个注册时根据观察者装配的信息ObserverWithState
                ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue();
                while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) > 0 && !mNewEventOccurred
                        && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) {
                    // 更新Event状态
                    Event event = downEvent(observer.mState);
                    pushParentState(getStateAfter(event));
                    // 分发事件
                    observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, event);
                    popParentState();
                }
            }
        }
    

    直接看事件分发

    当前位置
    ObserverWithState.dispatchEvent()
    
    void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
        State newState = getStateAfter(event);
        // 状态校准
        mState = min(mState, newState);
        //  mLifecycleObserver在本例中是SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver,在观察者注册也就是LifecycleRegistry.addObserver时获得
        mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
        // 更新状态
        mState = newState;
            }
    

    回看SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver

        @Override
        public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event) {
            mGeneratedAdapter.callMethods(source, event, false, null);
            mGeneratedAdapter.callMethods(source, event, true, null);
        }
    }
    

    mGeneratedAdapter是在ObserverWithState初始化时Lifecycling.getCallback()根据观察者生成的适配类MyLife_LifecycleAdapter,最后观察者的相应事件得以触发(MyLife_LifecycleAdapter的代码就不贴了,可以回去看)

    其他

    public interface GenericLifecycleObserver extends LifecycleObserver {
        /**
         * Called when a state transition event happens.
         *
         * @param source The source of the event
         * @param event The event
         */
        void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event);
    }
    

    在这里注意一下,其实GenericLifecycleObserver也是一个LifecycleObserver,只不过是在职责上与真正的观察者有所别。GenericLifecycleObserver主要还是作为中转,对事件做一些自己的处理,才继续将事件传下去。实际上,完全可以通过实现GenericLifecycleObserver作为观察者去直接对Event自行处理,注册方法不变。从Lifecycling.getCallback()能看到,如果观察者属于GenericLifecycleObserver,是不会生成适配类的,就直接交由观察者自行处理了。这里就不实现了。

    生命周期观察者事件触发总结

    • 注册时生成适配类
    • SupportActivity负责注入ReportFragment
    • ReportFragment获得周期事件时,通过SupportActivity、LifecycleRegistry、ObserverWithState层层通知,最终告知生成的适配类:“是时候表演真正的技术了”
    • 观察者事件被触发

    简单原理图(观察者不为GenericLifecycleObserver)


    原理图-3.png

    元素职责标示

    整个分析过程中涉及到的类和接口如下:

    • SupportActivity :持有LifecycleRegistry并负责注入ReportFragment

    • LifecycleOwner :标示被观察者

    • ReportFragment : 传递生命周期事件讯息,为出发点

    • LifecycleRegistry : 持有观察者、被观察者等信息

    • Event : 标示观察者事件触发时机

    • ObserverWithState : 持有state和适配类的信息

    • Lifecycing : 适配观察者,生成适配类,获取合适的GenericLifecycleObserver

    • GeneratedAdapter: 标示适配类,以供调用

    • GenericLifecycleObserver :传递生命周期事件讯息,中转点

    • State : 标示被观察者生命周期阶段


    进阶:可被感知的数据 - LiveData 原理详解

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