iOS核心动画（四）

Core Animation是iOS开发的一组动画API，它存在于 1.png

是iOS平台和macOS平台负责图形渲染和动画操作的基础框架。如果想要界面有个吊炸天的动画效果，就必须要学会使用。

CAAnimation是Core Animation中的一个抽象类，也是所有动画的父类。 2.jpg

@interface CAAnimation : NSObject
    <NSSecureCoding, NSCopying, CAMediaTiming, CAAction>

CAAnimation遵循CAMediaTiming协议，因此可以使用CAMediaTiming的属性

属性	名称
CFTimeInterval beginTime	开始时间
CFTimeInterval duration	持续时间
float speed	速率
float repeatCount	重复次数
CFTimeInterval repeatDuration	每次重复间隔
NSString *fillMode	视图在非Active时的行为
BOOL autoreverses	执行动画后，按照原动画返回执行
CAMediaTimingFunction *timingFunction	控制动画节奏
<CAAnimationDelegate> delegate	代理方法
type	过度动画类型
subtype	过度动画的动画方向

CAMediaTimingFunction

• kCAMediaTimingFunctionLinear 线性动画
• kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseIn 先快后慢
• kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseOut 先慢后快
• kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut 先慢后快再慢
• kCAMediaTimingFunctionDefault 默认 中间比较快

<CAAnimationDelegate> delegate

代理方法，能够检测到动画的执行结束

/* Called when the animation begins its active duration. */

- (void)animationDidStart:(CAAnimation *)anim;

/* Called when the animation either completes its active duration or
 * is removed from the object it is attached to (i.e. the layer). 'flag'
 * is true if the animation reached the end of its active duration
 * without being removed. */

- (void)animationDidStop:(CAAnimation *)anim finished:(BOOL)flag;

type和subtype

• kCATransitionFade 渐变效果

• kCATransitionMoveIn 进入覆盖效果

• kCATransitionPush 推出效果

• kCATransitionReveal 揭露效果

• kCATransitionFromRight 从右侧

• kCATransitionFromLeft 从左侧

• kCATransitionFromTop 从上面

• kCATransitionFromBottom 从下面

UIView的动画调用

    [UIView animateWithDuration:5 animations:^{
        self.contentView.frame = CGRectMake(ScreenW, 100, 100, 100);
        self.contentView.alpha = 0.5;
    } completion:^(BOOL finished) {

    }];

使用Core Animation调用

CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];   
animation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGRect:CGRectMake(0, 100, 100, 100)];
animation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGRect:CGRectMake(ScreenW, 100, 100, 100)];
animation.duration = 4;
[self.contentView.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"animation"];

路径

CABasicAnimation中三个表示路径的属性

@property(nullable, strong) id fromValue;//动画开始之前的属性
@property(nullable, strong) id toValue;//动画结束之后的值
@property(nullable, strong) id byValue;//动画执行过程中值得改变

注意：这三个属性不能同时赋值

//颜色改变
 CALayer *colorLayer = [CALayer layer];
    colorLayer.frame = self.contentView.bounds;
    colorLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
    [self.contentView.layer addSublayer:colorLayer];
    
    CGFloat red = arc4random()/INTMAX_MAX;
    CGFloat blue = arc4random()/INTMAX_MAX;
    CGFloat green = arc4random()/INTMAX_MAX;
    UIColor *color = [UIColor colorWithRed:red green:green blue:blue alpha:1];
    
    
    CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animation];
    animation.keyPath = @"backgroundColor";
    animation.duration = 3;
    //设置fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;和removedOnCompletion = NO会使图层保持动画结束状态，但是图层的属性值还是和初始一样，并没有真正改变
    animation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
    animation.removedOnCompletion = NO;
    [CATransaction begin];
    [CATransaction setDisableActions:YES];
    animation.toValue = (__bridge id)color.CGColor;
    [CATransaction commit];
    [colorLayer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"changeColor"];

关键帧动画

CAKeyframeAnimation不限制于设置一个起始值和结束值，可以根据一连随意的值来做动画

1.gif

    UIBezierPath *bezierPath = [[UIBezierPath alloc] init];
    [bezierPath moveToPoint:CGPointMake(0, 150)];
    [bezierPath addCurveToPoint:CGPointMake(300, 150) controlPoint1:CGPointMake(75, 0) controlPoint2:CGPointMake(225, 300)];
    
    CAShapeLayer *shapLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
    shapLayer.path = bezierPath.CGPath;
    shapLayer.fillColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;
    shapLayer.strokeColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
    shapLayer.lineWidth = 3;
    [self.view.layer addSublayer:shapLayer];
    
    CALayer *layer = [CALayer layer];
    layer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 60, 60);
    layer.position = CGPointMake(0, 150);
    layer.contents = (__bridge id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"111"].CGImage;
    [self.view.layer addSublayer:layer];
    
    CAKeyframeAnimation *animation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animation];
    animation.keyPath = @"position";
    animation.duration = 4;
    animation.rotationMode = kCAAnimationRotateAuto;
    animation.path = bezierPath.CGPath;
    [layer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil];

动画组

CABasicAnimation和CAKeyframeAnimation仅仅作用于单独的属性，CAAnimationGroup可以把这些动画组合在一起。

2.gif

CAAnimationGroup *group =[CAAnimationGroup animation];
    group.animations = @[animation1, animetion2];
    group.duration = 4;
    [layer addAnimation:group forKey:nil];