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Python入门开发学习笔记之掌握时间类型

Python入门开发学习笔记之掌握时间类型

作者: 程序媛_lisa | 来源:发表于2022-07-23 16:52 被阅读0次

    本节重点
    掌握整型
    掌握浮点型
    本节时长需控制在15分钟内

    日期类型
    DATE TIME DATETIME TIMESTAMP YEAR

    作用:存储用户注册时间,文章发布时间,员工入职时间,出生时间,过期时间等

        YEAR
            YYYY(1901/2155)
    
        DATE
            YYYY-MM-DD(1000-01-01/9999-12-31)
    
        TIME
            HH:MM:SS('-838:59:59'/'838:59:59')
    
        DATETIME
    
            YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS(1000-01-01 00:00:00/9999-12-31 23:59:59    Y)
    
        TIMESTAMP
    
            YYYYMMDD HHMMSS(1970-01-01 00:00:00/2037 年某时)
    

    验证

    ============year===========
    MariaDB [db1]> create table t10(born_year year); #无论year指定何种宽度,最后都默认是year(4)
    MariaDB [db1]> insert into t10 values  
        -> (1900),
        -> (1901),
        -> (2155),
        -> (2156);
    MariaDB [db1]> select * from t10;
    +-----------+
    | born_year |
    +-----------+
    |      0000 |
    |      1901 |
    |      2155 |
    |      0000 |
    +-----------+
    
    
    ============date,time,datetime===========
    MariaDB [db1]> create table t11(d date,t time,dt datetime);
    MariaDB [db1]> desc t11;
    +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
    +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | d     | date     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    | t     | time     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    | dt    | datetime | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    
    MariaDB [db1]> insert into t11 values(now(),now(),now());
    MariaDB [db1]> select * from t11;
    +------------+----------+---------------------+
    | d          | t        | dt                  |
    +------------+----------+---------------------+
    | 2017-07-25 | 16:26:54 | 2017-07-25 16:26:54 |
    +------------+----------+---------------------+
    
    
    
    ============timestamp===========
    MariaDB [db1]> create table t12(time timestamp);
    MariaDB [db1]> insert into t12 values();
    MariaDB [db1]> insert into t12 values(null);
    MariaDB [db1]> select * from t12;
    +---------------------+
    | time                |
    +---------------------+
    | 2017-07-25 16:29:17 |
    | 2017-07-25 16:30:01 |
    +---------------------+
    
    
    
    ============注意啦,注意啦,注意啦===========
    1. 单独插入时间时,需要以字符串的形式,按照对应的格式插入
    2. 插入年份时,尽量使用4位值
    3. 插入两位年份时,<=69,以20开头,比如50,  结果2050      
                    >=70,以19开头,比如71,结果1971
    MariaDB [db1]> create table t12(y year);
    MariaDB [db1]> insert into t12 values  
        -> (50),
        -> (71);
    MariaDB [db1]> select * from t12;
    +------+
    | y    |
    +------+
    | 2050 |
    | 1971 |
    +------+
    
    
    
    ============综合练习===========
    MariaDB [db1]> create table student(
        -> id int,
        -> name varchar(20),
        -> born_year year,
        -> birth date,
        -> class_time time,
        -> reg_time datetime);
    
    MariaDB [db1]> insert into student values
        -> (1,'alex',"1995","1995-11-11","11:11:11","2017-11-11 11:11:11"),
        -> (2,'egon',"1997","1997-12-12","12:12:12","2017-12-12 12:12:12"),
        -> (3,'wsb',"1998","1998-01-01","13:13:13","2017-01-01 13:13:13");
    
    MariaDB [db1]> select * from student;
    +------+------+-----------+------------+------------+---------------------+
    | id   | name | born_year | birth      | class_time | reg_time            |
    +------+------+-----------+------------+------------+---------------------+
    |    1 | alex |      1995 | 1995-11-11 | 11:11:11   | 2017-11-11 11:11:11 |
    |    2 | egon |      1997 | 1997-12-12 | 12:12:12   | 2017-12-12 12:12:12 |
    |    3 | wsb  |      1998 | 1998-01-01 | 13:13:13   | 2017-01-01 13:13:13 |
    +------+------+-----------+------------+------------+---------------------+
    

    datetime与timestamp的区别

    在实际应用的很多场景中,MySQL的这两种日期类型都能够满足我们的需要,存储精度都为秒,但在某些情况下,会展现出他们各自的优劣。
    下面就来总结一下两种日期类型的区别。

    1.DATETIME的日期范围是1001——9999年,TIMESTAMP的时间范围是1970——2038年。

    2.DATETIME存储时间与时区无关,TIMESTAMP存储时间与时区有关,显示的值也依赖于时区。在mysql服务器,
    操作系统以及客户端连接都有时区的设置。

    3.DATETIME使用8字节的存储空间,TIMESTAMP的存储空间为4字节。因此,TIMESTAMP比DATETIME的空间利用率更高。

    4.DATETIME的默认值为null;TIMESTAMP的字段默认不为空(not null),默认值为当前时间(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
    如果不做特殊处理,并且update语句中没有指定该列的更新值,则默认更新为当前时间。

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