项目里有两个pom
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.4.1</version><!--$NO-MVN-MAN-VER$ -->
</dependency>
上网查了一下
Commons HttpClient项目现已结束，不再开发。它已被其HttpClient和HttpCore模块中的Apache HttpComponents项目所取代，它们提供更好的性能和更大的灵活性。
从2011年开始，org.apache.commons.httpclient就不再开发。这就是说，它已经落伍了。
下面的代码都是借着谷歌翻译，然后从官网看，copy过来的
快速开始
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://targethost/homepage");
CloseableHttpResponse response1 = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
try {
System.out.println(response1.getStatusLine());
HttpEntity entity1 = response1.getEntity();
// do something useful with the response body
// and ensure it is fully consumed
EntityUtils.consume(entity1);
} finally {
response1.close();
}
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://targethost/login");
List <BasicNameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <BasicNameValuePair>();
nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "vip"));
nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "secret"));
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps));
CloseableHttpResponse response2 = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
try {
System.out.println(response2.getStatusLine());
HttpEntity entity2 = response2.getEntity();
// do something useful with the response body
// and ensure it is fully consumed
EntityUtils.consume(entity2);
} finally {
response2.close();
}
copy的官网示例：List <NameValuePair> 这行根本不能编译过，坑爹。改成了List <BasicNameValuePair>
处理响应
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://httpbin.org/");
System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getRequestLine());
// Create a custom response handler
ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new ResponseHandler<String>() {
@Override
public String handleResponse(
final HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (status >= 200 && status < 300) {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : null;
} else {
throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected response status: " + status);
}
}
};
String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpget, responseHandler);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(responseBody);
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
手动关闭连接
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://httpbin.org/get");
System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
// 获得响应体对象
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
// 将响应内容转换成输入流对象
InputStream inStream = entity.getContent();
try {
inStream.read();
// do something useful with the response
} catch (IOException ex) {
// 发生IO流异常，会自动关闭连接
throw ex;
} finally {
// 关闭输入流
inStream.close();
}
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
httpclient配置
// Use custom message parser / writer to customize the way HTTP
// messages are parsed from and written out to the data stream.
HttpMessageParserFactory<HttpResponse> responseParserFactory = new DefaultHttpResponseParserFactory() {
@Override
public HttpMessageParser<HttpResponse> create(
SessionInputBuffer buffer, MessageConstraints constraints) {
LineParser lineParser = new BasicLineParser() {
@Override
public Header parseHeader(final CharArrayBuffer buffer) {
return super.parseHeader(buffer);
}
};
return new DefaultHttpResponseParser(
buffer, lineParser, DefaultHttpResponseFactory.INSTANCE, constraints) {
@Override
protected boolean reject(final CharArrayBuffer line, int count) {
// try to ignore all garbage preceding a status line infinitely
return false;
}
};
}
};
HttpMessageWriterFactory<HttpRequest> requestWriterFactory = new DefaultHttpRequestWriterFactory();
// Use a custom connection factory to customize the process of
// initialization of outgoing HTTP connections. Beside standard connection
// configuration parameters HTTP connection factory can define message
// parser / writer routines to be employed by individual connections.
HttpConnectionFactory<HttpRoute, ManagedHttpClientConnection> connFactory = new ManagedHttpClientConnectionFactory(
requestWriterFactory, responseParserFactory);
// Client HTTP connection objects when fully initialized can be bound to
// an arbitrary network socket. The process of network socket initialization,
// its connection to a remote address and binding to a local one is controlled
// by a connection socket factory.
// SSL context for secure connections can be created either based on
// system or application specific properties.
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.createSystemDefault();
// Create a registry of custom connection socket factories for supported
// protocol schemes.
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
.register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
.build();
// Use custom DNS resolver to override the system DNS resolution.
DnsResolver dnsResolver = new SystemDefaultDnsResolver() {
@Override
public InetAddress[] resolve(final String host) throws UnknownHostException {
if (host.equalsIgnoreCase("myhost")) {
return new InetAddress[] { InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 1}) };
} else {
return super.resolve(host);
}
}
};
// Create a connection manager with custom configuration.
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(
socketFactoryRegistry, connFactory, dnsResolver);
// Create socket configuration
SocketConfig socketConfig = SocketConfig.custom()
.setTcpNoDelay(true)
.build();
// Configure the connection manager to use socket configuration either
// by default or for a specific host.
connManager.setDefaultSocketConfig(socketConfig);
connManager.setSocketConfig(new HttpHost("somehost", 80), socketConfig);
// Validate connections after 1 sec of inactivity
connManager.setValidateAfterInactivity(1000);
// Create message constraints
MessageConstraints messageConstraints = MessageConstraints.custom()
.setMaxHeaderCount(200)
.setMaxLineLength(2000)
.build();
// Create connection configuration
ConnectionConfig connectionConfig = ConnectionConfig.custom()
.setMalformedInputAction(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE)
.setUnmappableInputAction(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE)
.setCharset(Consts.UTF_8)
.setMessageConstraints(messageConstraints)
.build();
// Configure the connection manager to use connection configuration either
// by default or for a specific host.
connManager.setDefaultConnectionConfig(connectionConfig);
connManager.setConnectionConfig(new HttpHost("somehost", 80), ConnectionConfig.DEFAULT);
// Configure total max or per route limits for persistent connections
// that can be kept in the pool or leased by the connection manager.
connManager.setMaxTotal(100);
connManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(10);
connManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("somehost", 80)), 20);
// Use custom cookie store if necessary.
CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
// Use custom credentials provider if necessary.
CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
// Create global request configuration
RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.DEFAULT)
.setExpectContinueEnabled(true)
.setTargetPreferredAuthSchemes(Arrays.asList(AuthSchemes.NTLM, AuthSchemes.DIGEST))
.setProxyPreferredAuthSchemes(Arrays.asList(AuthSchemes.BASIC))
.build();
// Create an HttpClient with the given custom dependencies and configuration.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
.setConnectionManager(connManager)
.setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore)
.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider)
.setProxy(new HttpHost("myproxy", 8080))
.setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig)
.build();
try {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://httpbin.org/get");
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.copy(defaultRequestConfig)
.setSocketTimeout(5000)// 请求获取数据的超时时间，单位毫秒。 如果访问一个接口，多少时间内无法返回数据，就直接放弃此次调用
.setConnectTimeout(5000)// 设置连接超时时间
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)// 设置从connect Manager获取Connection 超时时间
.setProxy(new HttpHost("myotherproxy", 8080))
.build();
httpget.setConfig(requestConfig);
// Execution context can be customized locally.
HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
// Contextual attributes set the local context level will take
// precedence over those set at the client level.
context.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
context.setCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider);
System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget, context);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
// Once the request has been executed the local context can
// be used to examine updated state and various objects affected
// by the request execution.
// Last executed request
context.getRequest();
// Execution route
context.getHttpRoute();
// Target auth state
context.getTargetAuthState();
// Proxy auth state
context.getProxyAuthState();
// Cookie origin
context.getCookieOrigin();
// Cookie spec used
context.getCookieSpec();
// User security token
context.getUserToken();
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
配置参数基本上都没看懂，只看懂了设置请求超时时间那几行。
中止方法：此示例演示如何在正常完成之前中止HTTP请求。
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://httpbin.org/get");
System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
// Do not feel like reading the response body
// Call abort on the request object
httpget.abort();
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
客户端认证：本示例使用HttpClient对需要用户身份验证的目标站点执行HTTP请求。
CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
credsProvider.setCredentials(
new AuthScope("httpbin.org", 80),
new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "passwd"));
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credsProvider)
.build();
try {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd");
System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
额，这里百度了一下这个是干嘛用的，大概就是http提供基本的安全校验的功能。不过现在大家都用安全框架了，实际中我也没碰到过这种，这里就不研究了。
通过代理发送HTTP请求。
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
//设置要访问的HttpHost,即是目标站点的HttpHost
HttpHost target = new HttpHost("httpbin.org", 443, "https");
// 设置代理服务器的ip和地址
HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 8080, "http");
RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom()
.setProxy(proxy)
.build();
HttpGet request = new HttpGet("/");
request.setConfig(config);
System.out.println("Executing request " + request.getRequestLine() + " to " + target + " via " + proxy);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(target, request);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
显示通过身份验证代理通过隧道建立的安全连接上的HTTP请求执行。
CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
credsProvider.setCredentials(
new AuthScope("localhost", 8888),
new UsernamePasswordCredentials("squid", "squid"));
credsProvider.setCredentials(
new AuthScope("httpbin.org", 80),
new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "passwd"));
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credsProvider).build();
try {
HttpHost target = new HttpHost("httpbin.org", 80, "http");
HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("localhost", 8888);
RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom()
.setProxy(proxy)
.build();
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/basic-auth/user/passwd");
httpget.setConfig(config);
System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getRequestLine() + " to " + target + " via " + proxy);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(target, httpget);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
本地HTTP上下文填充的自定义属性。
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
// 创建cookie存储的本地实例
CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
// 创建本地HTTP上下文
HttpClientContext localContext = HttpClientContext.create();
// 将自定义Cookie存储绑定到本地上下文
localContext.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://httpbin.org/cookies");
System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getRequestLine());
// 传递本地上下文作为参数
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget, localContext);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Local cookie: " + cookies.get(i));
}
EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
HttpContext的生命周期从服务器接收的HTTP请求开始到反应发送回客户端结束。
HttpClient执行基于表单的登录。
BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore)
.build();
try {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://someportal/");
CloseableHttpResponse response1 = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response1.getEntity();
System.out.println("Login form get: " + response1.getStatusLine());
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
System.out.println("Initial set of cookies:");
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
if (cookies.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("None");
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("- " + cookies.get(i).toString());
}
}
} finally {
response1.close();
}
HttpUriRequest login = RequestBuilder.post()
.setUri(new URI("https://someportal/"))
.addParameter("IDToken1", "username")
.addParameter("IDToken2", "password")
.build();
CloseableHttpResponse response2 = httpclient.execute(login);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response2.getEntity();
System.out.println("Login form get: " + response2.getStatusLine());
// 关闭流
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
System.out.println("登录后的cookie信息");
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
if (cookies.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("None");
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("- " + cookies.get(i).toString());
}
}
} finally {
response2.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
基本上就是一个post请求携带参数，并且得到登录后cookie的信息。（cookie实在不安全==！）
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