创建数据库
$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /path/to/dbca.rsp -sysPassword <passwd> -systemPassword <passwd>
删除数据库
$ dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword <passwd> -sourceDB <SID>
如何启动和停止多个数据库？
现在已知的办法就是一个一个启停。通过环境变量ORACLE_SID指定访问哪一个数据库。
$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl1
$ sqlpls / as sysdba
SQL> startup
SQL> select instance_name, status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
orcl1 OPEN
SQL> quit
$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl2
$ sqlpls / as sysdba
SQL> startup
SQL> select instance_name, status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
orcl2 OPEN
SQL> quit
下面是一个orcl_dbca.rsp文件的例子(假设待创建的数据库的sid=orcl)：
$ cat orcl_dbca.rsp
##############################################################################
## ##
## DBCA response file ##
## ------------------ ##
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2019. All rights reserved. ##
## ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##
## your installation. ##
## ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##
## values. ##
## ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##
##############################################################################
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v12.2.0
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : gdbName
# Datatype : String
# Description : Global database name of the database
# Valid values : <db_name>.<db_domain> - when database domain isn't NULL
# <db_name> - when database domain is NULL
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
gdbName=orcl
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : sid
# Datatype : String
# Description : System identifier (SID) of the database
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : <db_name> specified in GDBNAME
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
sid=orcl
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : databaseConfigType
# Datatype : String
# Description : database conf type as Single Instance, Real Application Cluster or Real Application Cluster One Nodes database
# Valid values : SI\RAC\RACONENODE
# Default value : SI
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
databaseConfigType=SI
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : RACOneNodeServiceName
# Datatype : String
# Description : Service is required by application to connect to RAC One
# Node Database
# Valid values : Service Name
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : No [required in case DATABASECONFTYPE is set to RACONENODE ]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
RACOneNodeServiceName=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : policyManaged
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description : Set to true if Database is policy managed and
# set to false if Database is admin managed
# Valid values : TRUE\FALSE
# Default value : FALSE
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
policyManaged=false
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : createServerPool
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description : Set to true if new server pool need to be created for database
# if this option is specified then the newly created database
# will use this newly created serverpool.
# Multiple serverpoolname can not be specified for database
# Valid values : TRUE\FALSE
# Default value : FALSE
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
createServerPool=false
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : serverPoolName
# Datatype : String
# Description : Only one serverpool name need to be specified
# if Create Server Pool option is specified.
# Comma-separated list of Serverpool names if db need to use
# multiple Server pool
# Valid values : ServerPool name
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : No [required in case of RAC service centric database]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
serverPoolName=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : cardinality
# Datatype : Number
# Description : Specify Cardinality for create server pool operation
# Valid values : any positive Integer value
# Default value : Number of qualified nodes on cluster
# Mandatory : No [Required when a new serverpool need to be created]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cardinality=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : force
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description : Set to true if new server pool need to be created by force
# if this option is specified then the newly created serverpool
# will be assigned server even if no free servers are available.
# This may affect already running database.
# This flag can be specified for Admin managed as well as policy managed db.
# Valid values : TRUE\FALSE
# Default value : FALSE
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
force=false
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : pqPoolName
# Datatype : String
# Description : Only one serverpool name needs to be specified
# if create server pool option is specified.
# Comma-separated list of serverpool names if use
# server pool. This is required to
# create Parallel Query (PQ) database. Applicable to Big Cluster
# Valid values : Parallel Query (PQ) pool name
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : No [required in case of RAC service centric database]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
pqPoolName=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : pqCardinality
# Datatype : Number
# Description : Specify Cardinality for create server pool operation.
# Applicable to Big Cluster
# Valid values : any positive Integer value
# Default value : Number of qualified nodes on cluster
# Mandatory : No [Required when a new serverpool need to be created]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
pqCardinality=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : createAsContainerDatabase
# Datatype : boolean
# Description : flag to create database as container database
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : false
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
createAsContainerDatabase=false
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : numberOfPDBs
# Datatype : Number
# Description : Specify the number of pdb to be created
# Valid values : 0 to 252
# Default value : 0
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
numberOfPDBs=0
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : pdbName
# Datatype : String
# Description : Specify the pdbname/pdbanme prefix if one or more pdb need to be created
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
pdbName=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : useLocalUndoForPDBs
# Datatype : boolean
# Description : Flag to create local undo tablespace for all PDB's.
# Valid values : TRUE\FALSE
# Default value : TRUE
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
useLocalUndoForPDBs=true
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : pdbAdminPassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : PDB Administrator user password
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
pdbAdminPassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : nodelist
# Datatype : String
# Description : Comma-separated list of cluster nodes
# Valid values : Cluster node names
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : No (Yes for RAC database-centric database )
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
nodelist=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : templateName
# Datatype : String
# Description : Name of the template
# Valid values : Template file name
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
templateName=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : sysPassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : Password for SYS user
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
sysPassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : systemPassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : Password for SYSTEM user
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
systemPassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : serviceUserPassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : Password for Windows Service user
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : If Oracle home is installed with windows service user
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
serviceUserPassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : emConfiguration
# Datatype : String
# Description : Enterprise Manager Configuration Type
# Valid values : CENTRAL|DBEXPRESS|BOTH|NONE
# Default value : NONE
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
emConfiguration=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : emExpressPort
# Datatype : Number
# Description : Enterprise Manager Configuration Type
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : NONE
# Mandatory : No, will be picked up from DBEXPRESS_HTTPS_PORT env variable
# or auto generates a free port between 5500 and 5599
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
emExpressPort=0
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : runCVUChecks
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description : Specify whether to run Cluster Verification Utility checks
# periodically in Cluster environment
# Valid values : TRUE\FALSE
# Default value : FALSE
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
runCVUChecks=FALSE
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : dbsnmpPassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : Password for DBSNMP user
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes, if emConfiguration is specified or
# the value of runCVUChecks is TRUE
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dbsnmpPassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : omsHost
# Datatype : String
# Description : EM management server host name
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes, if CENTRAL is specified for emConfiguration
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
omsHost=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : omsPort
# Datatype : Number
# Description : EM management server port number
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes, if CENTRAL is specified for emConfiguration
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
omsPort=0
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : emUser
# Datatype : String
# Description : EM Admin username to add or modify targets
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes, if CENTRAL is specified for emConfiguration
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
emUser=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : emPassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : EM Admin user password
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes, if CENTRAL is specified for emConfiguration
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
emPassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : dvConfiguration
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description : Specify "True" to configure and enable Oracle Database vault
# Valid values : True/False
# Default value : False
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dvConfiguration=false
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : dvUserName
# Datatype : String
# Description : DataVault Owner
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes, if DataVault option is chosen
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dvUserName=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : dvUserPassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : Password for DataVault Owner
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : Yes, if DataVault option is chosen
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dvUserPassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : dvAccountManagerName
# Datatype : String
# Description : DataVault Account Manager
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dvAccountManagerName=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : dvAccountManagerPassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : Password for DataVault Account Manager
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dvAccountManagerPassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : olsConfiguration
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description : Specify "True" to configure and enable Oracle Label Security
# Valid values : True/False
# Default value : False
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
olsConfiguration=false
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : datafileJarLocation
# Datatype : String
# Description : Location of the data file jar
# Valid values : Directory containing compressed datafile jar
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
datafileJarLocation={ORACLE_HOME}/assistants/dbca/templates/
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : datafileDestination
# Datatype : String
# Description : Location of the data file's
# Valid values : Directory for all the database files
# Default value : $ORACLE_BASE/oradata
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
datafileDestination={ORACLE_BASE}/oradata/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : recoveryAreaDestination
# Datatype : String
# Description : Location of the data file's
# Valid values : Recovery Area location
# Default value : $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
recoveryAreaDestination={ORACLE_BASE}/FRA/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : storageType
# Datatype : String
# Description : Specifies the storage on which the database is to be created
# Valid values : FS (CFS for RAC), ASM
# Default value : FS
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
storageType=FS
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : diskGroupName
# Datatype : String
# Description : Specifies the disk group name for the storage
# Default value : DATA
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
diskGroupName=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : asmsnmpPassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : Password for ASM Monitoring
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
asmsnmpPassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : recoveryGroupName
# Datatype : String
# Description : Specifies the disk group name for the recovery area
# Default value : RECOVERY
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
recoveryGroupName=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : characterSet
# Datatype : String
# Description : Character set of the database
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c National Language Support Guide
# Default value : "US7ASCII"
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
characterSet=AL32UTF8
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : nationalCharacterSet
# Datatype : String
# Description : National Character set of the database
# Valid values : "UTF8" or "AL16UTF16". For details, check Oracle12c National Language Support Guide
# Default value : "AL16UTF16"
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
nationalCharacterSet=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : registerWithDirService
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description : Specifies whether to register with Directory Service.
# Valid values : TRUE \ FALSE
# Default value : FALSE
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
registerWithDirService=false
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : dirServiceUserName
# Datatype : String
# Description : Specifies the name of the directory service user
# Mandatory : YES, if the value of registerWithDirService is TRUE
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dirServiceUserName=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : dirServicePassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : The password of the directory service user.
# You can also specify the password at the command prompt instead of here.
# Mandatory : YES, if the value of registerWithDirService is TRUE
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dirServicePassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : walletPassword
# Datatype : String
# Description : The password for wallet to created or modified.
# You can also specify the password at the command prompt instead of here.
# Mandatory : YES, if the value of registerWithDirService is TRUE
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
walletPassword=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : listeners
# Datatype : String
# Description : Specifies list of listeners to register the database with.
# By default the database is configured for all the listeners specified in the
# $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# Valid values : The list should be comma separated like "listener1,listener2".
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
listeners=LISTENER
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : variablesFile
# Datatype : String
# Description : Location of the file containing variable value pair
# Valid values : A valid file-system file. The variable value pair format in this file
# is <variable>=<value>. Each pair should be in a new line.
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
variablesFile=
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : variables
# Datatype : String
# Description : comma separated list of name=value pairs. Overrides variables defined in variablefile and templates
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
variables=DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl,ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle,PDB_NAME=,DB_NAME=orcl,ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1,SID=orcl
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : initParams
# Datatype : String
# Description : comma separated list of name=value pairs. Overrides initialization parameters defined in templates
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
initParams=undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1,sga_target=768MB,db_block_size=8KB,dispatchers=(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE={SID}XDB),diagnostic_dest={ORACLE_BASE},remote_login_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE,db_create_file_dest={ORACLE_BASE}/oradata/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/,audit_file_dest={ORACLE_BASE}/admin/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/adump,processes=300,pga_aggregate_target=256MB,local_listener=LISTENER_ORCL,db_recovery_file_dest_size=800MB,open_cursors=300,compatible=19.0.0,db_name=orcl,db_recovery_file_dest={ORACLE_BASE}/FRA/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME},audit_trail=db
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : sampleSchema
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description : Specifies whether or not to add the Sample Schemas to your database
# Valid values : TRUE \ FALSE
# Default value : FASLE
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
sampleSchema=false
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : memoryPercentage
# Datatype : String
# Description : percentage of physical memory for Oracle
# Default value : None
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
memoryPercentage=40
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : databaseType
# Datatype : String
# Description : used for memory distribution when memoryPercentage specified
# Valid values : MULTIPURPOSE|DATA_WAREHOUSING|OLTP
# Default value : MULTIPURPOSE
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
databaseType=MULTIPURPOSE
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : automaticMemoryManagement
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description : flag to indicate Automatic Memory Management is used
# Valid values : TRUE/FALSE
# Default value : TRUE
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
automaticMemoryManagement=false
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : totalMemory
# Datatype : String
# Description : total memory in MB to allocate to Oracle
# Valid values :
# Default value :
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
totalMemory=0
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