iOS设备中的Keychain是一个安全的存储容器，可以用来为不同应用保存敏感信息比如用户名，密码，网络密码，认证令牌。苹果自己用keychain来保存Wi-Fi网络密码，VPN凭证等等。它是一个sqlite数据库.
位于/private/var/Keychains/keychain-2.db，其保存的所有数据都是加密过的。模拟器下keychain文件路径：~/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/4.3/Library/Keychains
keychain里保存的信息不会因App被删除而丢失，在用户重新安装App后依然有效，数据还在。
关于备份，�只会备份数据，到那时不会备份设备的密钥，换句话说，即使拿到数据，也没有办法解密里面的内容。
密钥类型
密钥类型的键 CFTypeRef kSecClass
密钥类型的值:
//CFTypeRef kSecClassGenericPassword //一般密码
//CFTypeRef kSecClassInternetPassword //网络密码
//CFTypeRef kSecClassCertificate //证书
//CFTypeRef kSecClassKey //密钥
//CFTypeRef kSecClassIdentity //身份证书(带私钥的证书)
不同类型的钥匙串项对应的属性不同
1.一般密码 kSecClassGenericPassword
a.对应属性
//kSecAttrAccessible
//kSecAttrAccessGroup
//kSecAttrCreationDate
//kSecAttrModificationDate
//kSecAttrDescription
//kSecAttrComment
//kSecAttrCreator
//kSecAttrType
//kSecAttrLabel
//kSecAttrIsInvisible
//kSecAttrIsNegative
//kSecAttrAccount
//kSecAttrService
//kSecAttrGeneric
2.网络密码 kSecClassInternetPassword
a.对应属性
//kSecAttrAccessible
//kSecAttrAccessGroup
//kSecAttrCreationDate
//kSecAttrModificationDate
//kSecAttrDescription
//kSecAttrComment
//kSecAttrCreator
//kSecAttrType
//kSecAttrLabel
//kSecAttrIsInvisible
//kSecAttrIsNegative
//kSecAttrAccount
//kSecAttrSecurityDomain
//kSecAttrServer
//kSecAttrProtocol
//kSecAttrAuthenticationType
//kSecAttrPort
//kSecAttrPath
3.证书 kSecClassCertificate
c.对应属性
//kSecAttrAccessible
//kSecAttrAccessGroup
//kSecAttrCertificateType
//kSecAttrCertificateEncoding
//kSecAttrLabel
//kSecAttrSubject
//kSecAttrIssuer
//kSecAttrSerialNumber
//kSecAttrSubjectKeyID
//kSecAttrPublicKeyHash
4.密钥 kSecClassKey
d.对应属性
//kSecAttrAccessible
//kSecAttrAccessGroup
//kSecAttrKeyClass
//kSecAttrLabel
//kSecAttrApplicationLabel
//kSecAttrIsPermanent
//kSecAttrApplicationTag
//kSecAttrKeyType
//kSecAttrKeySizeInBits
//kSecAttrEffectiveKeySize
//kSecAttrCanEncrypt
//kSecAttrCanDecrypt
//kSecAttrCanDerive
//kSecAttrCanSign
//kSecAttrCanVerify
//kSecAttrCanWrap
//kSecAttrCanUnwrap
证书属性
1.私钥属性
键 CFTypeRef kSecAttrAccessible //可访问性 类型透明
值
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked; //解锁可访问，备份
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock; //第一次解锁后可访问，备份
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAccessibleAlways; //一直可访问，备份
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly; //解锁可访问，不备份
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly;//第一次解锁后可访问，不备份
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly; //一直可访问，不备份
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCreationDate; //创建日期 CFDateRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrModificationDate; //最后一次修改日期 CFDateRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrDescription; //描述 CFStringRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrComment; //注释 CFStringRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCreator; //创建者 CFNumberRef(4字符，如'aLXY')
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrType; //类型 CFNumberRef(4字符，如'aTyp')
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrLabel; //标签(给用户看) CFStringRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrIsInvisible; //是否隐藏 CFBooleanRef(kCFBooleanTrue,kCFBooleanFalse)
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrIsNegative; //是否具有密码 CFBooleanRef(kCFBooleanTrue,kCFBooleanFalse)此项表示当前的item是否只是一个占位项，或者说是只有key没有value。
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrAccount; //账户名 CFStringRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrService; //所具有服务 CFStringRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrGeneric; //用户自定义内容 CFDataRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrSecurityDomain; //网络安全域 CFStringRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrServer; //服务器域名或IP地址 CFStringRef
//键 CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocol; //协议类型 CFNumberRef
值
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolFTP;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolFTPAccount;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolHTTP;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolIRC;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolNNTP;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolPOP3;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolSMTP;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolSOCKS;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolIMAP;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolLDAP;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolAppleTalk;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolAFP;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolTelnet;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolSSH;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolFTPS;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolHTTPS;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolHTTPProxy;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolHTTPSProxy;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolFTPProxy;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolSMB;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolRTSP;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolRTSPProxy;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolDAAP;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolEPPC;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolIPP;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolNNTPS;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolLDAPS;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolTelnetS;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolIMAPS;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolIRCS;
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrProtocolPOP3S;
//键 CFTypeRef kSecAttrAuthenticationType
认证类型 CFNumberRef
值
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAuthenticationTypeNTLM; //
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAuthenticationTypeMSN; //
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAuthenticationTypeDPA; //
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAuthenticationTypeRPA; //
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAuthenticationTypeHTTPBasic; //
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAuthenticationTypeHTTPDigest; //
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAuthenticationTypeHTMLForm; //
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrAuthenticationTypeDefault; //
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrPort; //网络端口 CFNumberRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrPath; //访问路径 CFStringRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrSubject; //X.500主题名称 CFDataRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrIssuer; //X.500发行者名称 CFDataRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrSerialNumber; //序列号 CFDataRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrSubjectKeyID; //主题ID CFDataRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrPublicKeyHash; //公钥Hash值 CFDataRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCertificateType; //证书类型 CFNumberRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCertificateEncoding; //证书编码类型 CFNumberRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrKeyClass //加密密钥类 CFTypeRef
值
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrKeyClassPublic; //公钥
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate; //私钥
// CFTypeRef kSecAttrKeyClassSymmetric; //对称密钥
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrApplicationLabel; //标签(给程序使用) CFStringRef(通常是公钥的Hash值)
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrIsPermanent; //是否永久保存加密密钥 CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrApplicationTag; //标签(私有标签数据) CFDataRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrKeyType //加密密钥类型(算法) CFNumberRef
值
// extern const CFTypeRef kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA;
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrKeySizeInBits; //密钥总位数 CFNumberRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrEffectiveKeySize; //密钥有效位数 CFNumberRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCanEncrypt; //密钥是否可用于加密 CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCanDecrypt; //密钥是否可用于加密 CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCanDerive; //密钥是否可用于导出其他密钥 CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCanSign; //密钥是否可用于数字签名 CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCanVerify; //密钥是否可用于验证数字签名 CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCanWrap; //密钥是否可用于打包其他密钥 CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrCanUnwrap; //密钥是否可用于解包其他密钥 CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecAttrAccessGroup; //访问组 CFStringRef
搜索
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchPolicy; //指定策略 SecPolicyRef
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchItemList; //指定搜索范围 CFArrayRef(SecKeychainItemRef, SecKeyRef, SecCertificateRef, SecIdentityRef,CFDataRef)数组内的类型必须唯一。仍然会搜索钥匙串，但是搜索结果需要与该数组取交集作为最终结果。
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchSearchList; //
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchIssuers; //指定发行人数组 CFArrayRef
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchEmailAddressIfPresent; //指定邮件地址 CFStringRef
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchSubjectContains; //指定主题 CFStringRef
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchCaseInsensitive; //指定是否不区分大小写 CFBooleanRef(kCFBooleanFalse或不提供此参数,区分大小写;kCFBooleanTrue,不区分大小写)
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchTrustedOnly; //指定只搜索可信证书 CFBooleanRef(kCFBooleanFalse或不提供此参数,全部证书;kCFBooleanTrue,只搜索可信证书)
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchValidOnDate; //指定有效日期 CFDateRef(kCFNull表示今天)
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchLimit; //指定结果数量 CFNumberRef(kSecMatchLimitOne;kSecMatchLimitAll)
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchLimitOne; //首条结果
//CFTypeRef kSecMatchLimitAll; //全部结果
列表
//CFTypeRef kSecUseItemList; //CFArrayRef(SecKeychainItemRef, SecKeyRef, SecCertificateRef, SecIdentityRef,CFDataRef)数组内的类型必须唯一。用户提供用于查询的列表。当这个列表被提供的时候，不会再搜索钥匙串。
返回值类型
//可以同时指定多种返回值类型
//CFTypeRef kSecReturnData; //返回数据(CFDataRef) CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecReturnAttributes; //返回属性字典(CFDictionaryRef) CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecReturnRef; //返回实例(SecKeychainItemRef, SecKeyRef, SecCertificateRef, SecIdentityRef, or CFDataRef) CFBooleanRef
//CFTypeRef kSecReturnPersistentRef; //返回持久型实例(CFDataRef) CFBooleanRef
写入值类型
//CFTypeRef kSecValueData;
//CFTypeRef kSecValueRef;
//CFTypeRef kSecValuePersistentRef;
-------------------------------------------------------------------
简单实现:
在”Build Phases“中导入库"Security.framework"
+ (BOOL)save:(NSString*)service data:(id)data;
+ (id)load:(NSString*)service;
+ (void)delete:(NSString*)service;
+ (NSMutableDictionary*) getKeychainQuery: (NSString*)service {
return [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
(id)kSecClassGenericPassword, (id)kSecClass,
service, (id)kSecAttrService,
service, (id)kSecAttrAccount,
(id)kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock, (id)kSecAttrAccessible,
nil nil];
}
+ (BOOL) save:(NSString*)service data:(id)data {
NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [self getKeychainQuery:service];
SecItemDelete((CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery);
[keychainQuery setObject:[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:data] forKey:(id)kSecValueData];
return SecItemAdd((CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery, NULL) == noErr;
}
+ (id) load:(NSString*)service {
id ret = NULL;
NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [self getKeychainQuery:service];
[keychainQuery setObject:(id)kCFBooleanTrue forKey:(id)kSecReturnData];
[keychainQuery setObject:(id)kSecMatchLimitOne forKey:(id)kSecMatchLimit];
NSData *keyData = NULL;
if(SecItemCopyMatching((CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery, (CFTypeRef*)(void*)&keyData) == noErr) {
@try {
ret = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:keyData];
}
@catch (NSException *exception) {
NSLog(@"Unarchive of %@ failed: %@", service, exception);
}
@finally {
}
}
return ret;
}
+ (void) delete:(NSString*)service {
NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [self getKeychainQuery:service];
SecItemDelete((CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery);
}
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