两年前，非洲猪瘟传入我国，多个省份发生了疫情。为了控制其传播，很多活猪被扑杀，导致今年猪肉价格上涨。之所以出现这种情况，是因为没有针对该疾病的疫苗。
Developing a vaccine for pigs
by Sam McNeil & Candice Choi
Scientists are working to develop a vaccine to help guard the world's pork supply as a deadly virus ravages（严重损害） Asia's pig herds.
vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ n. 疫苗
guard /ɡɑːd/ v. 保护、保卫
pork /pɔːk/ n. 猪肉
supply /səˈplaɪ/ n. 供应、供应量
deadly /ˈdedli/ adj. 致命的、致死的
virus /ˈvaɪərəs/ n. 病毒
herd /hɜːd/ n. 畜群、一群动物
Farmers have long contained its spread by quarantining and killing infected animals, but the disease's devastating march into East Asia is intensifying the search for another solution.
contain /kənˈteɪn/ v. 遏制、控制
spread /spred/ n./v. 传播、扩散
quarantine /ˈkwɒr(ə)ntiːn/ v. 隔离、医学隔离
infect /ɪnˈfekt/ v. 感染
devastating /ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/ adj. 带来巨大破坏的
march /mɑːtʃ/ n. 行进
intensify /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/ v. 加强、强化（由intense加后缀-ify变成动词）
The virus hadn't been considered as high a priority for researchers until it turned up last year in China, home to half the world's pig population, likely by way of Eastern Europe and Russia. Since then, it has spread to other Asian countries including Vietnam, killing millions of pigs along the way. Though it does not sicken people, the disease is highly contagious（通过接触传染的） and deadly to pigs.
priority /praɪˈɒrəti/ n. 优先事项
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者（由research加上表示人的后缀-er）
turn up 意外出现
Vietnam /ˌvjetˈnæm/ n. 越南
sicken /ˈsɪk(ə)n/ v. 生病、使生病（由sick加后缀-en变成动词）
highly /ˈhaɪli/ adv. 高度地（由high加后缀-ly变成副词）
"Today's situation, where you have this global threat, puts a lot more emphasis on this research," said Dr. Luis Rodriguez, who leads the U.S. government lab on foreign animal diseases at Plum Island, New York.
global /ˈɡləʊb(ə)l/ adj. 全球的、全世界的
threat /θret/ n. 威胁
emphasis /ˈemfəsɪs/ n. 重视、强调
research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n./v. 研究
One way to develop a vaccine is to kill a virus before injecting it into an animal. The disabled virus doesn't make the animal sick, but it prompts the immune system to identify the virus and produce antibodies against it. This approach, however, isn't consistently effective with all viruses, including the one that causes African swine fever.
inject /ɪnˈdʒekt/ v. 注射、打针
disabled /dɪˈseɪb(ə)ld/ adj. 失去能力的
prompt /prɒmpt/ v. 促使
immune /ɪˈmjuːn/ adj. 免疫的
identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 识别、辨认出
antibody /ˈæntiˌbɒdi/ n. 抗体
approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ n. 方法
consistently /kənˈsɪst(ə)ntli/ adv. 一贯地、一致地（由consistent加后缀-ly变成副词）
effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的（由effect加后缀-ive变成形容词）
cause /kɔːz/ v. 造成
swine /swaɪn/ n. 猪（swine fever就是猪瘟）
It's why scientists have been working on another type of vaccine, made from a weakened virus rather than a dead one. With African swine fever, the puzzle has been figuring out exactly how to tweak the virus.
weaken /ˈwiːk(ə)n/ v. 削弱、弱化（由weak加后缀-en变成动词）
puzzle /ˈpʌz(ə)l/ n. 谜团、难题
figure out 弄清楚
tweak /twiːk/ v. 微调
In China, scientists are working on a vaccine that genetically alters the virus, an approach U.S. scientists have been pursuing as well. The U.S. Department of Agriculture said it recently signed a confidential agreement with a vaccine manufacturer to further research and develop one of Plum Island's three vaccine candidates. The candidates were made by genetically modifying the virus to delete certain genes.
genetically /dʒəˈnetɪk(ə)li/ adv. 基因上（由genetic加后缀-ally变成副词）
alter /ˈɒltə(r)/ v. 修改
pursue /pəˈsjuː/ v. 追求、致力于
agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业
confidential /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj. 保密的
agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ n. 协议（由agree加后缀-ment变成名词）
manufacturer /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃ(ə)rə(r)/ n. 制造商（由manufacture加上表示人的后缀-er）
candidate /ˈkændɪdət/ n. 候选人、备选产品
modify /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/ v. 修改
gene /dʒiːn/ n. 基因
But before a vaccine becomes available, it needs to be tested in large numbers of pigs in secure facilities with isolation pens, waste and carcass（动物尸体） incinerators（焚化炉） and decontamination（消毒） showers for staff, said Linda Dixon, a biologist at London's Pirbright Institute, which studies viral diseases in livestock（牲畜）. The process takes two to five years, she said. The extensive testing is necessary to ensure vaccines made by weakened viruses don't have unintended side effects.
secure /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/ adj. 安全的、可靠的
facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设施
isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 隔绝（由isolate加后缀-ion变成名词）
pen /pen/ n. 圈、猪圈
biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家（由biology加上表示人的后缀-ist）
viral /ˈvaɪər(ə)l/ adj. 病毒的
process /ˈprəʊses/ n. 过程
extensive /ɪkˈstensɪv/ adj. 广泛的
ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ v. 确保
unintended /ˌʌnɪnˈtendɪd/ adj. 无意的、意料之外的（由intend的过去分词加上表示否定的前缀un-）
side effect 副作用
Even if vaccines become available, they might not work across the globe. Vaccines developed for the virus in China and Europe, for example, might do nothing in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease has been around longer.
the globe /ɡləʊb/ 全球、全世界
sub-Saharan 撒哈拉沙漠以南的
A vaccine might be most desirable in places where the disease is widespread, said Daniel Rock, who previously headed Plum Island's African swine fever program. Other countries might prefer the quarantine-and-kill method.
desirable /dɪˈzaɪərəb(ə)l/ adj. 合意的、可取的（由desire加后缀-able变成形容词）
widespread /ˌwaɪdˈspred/ adj. 分布广的、普遍的（由wide和spread组成）
head /hed/ v. 领导、主管
program /ˈprəʊɡræm/ n. 计划、方案
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