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[iOS] Json反序列化的几种方式 - KVC / JSON

[iOS] Json反序列化的几种方式 - KVC / JSON

作者: 木小易Ying | 来源:发表于2020-01-26 14:38 被阅读0次

    节前鹏鹏让我看json反序列化为model,主要是很多场景都是从网络拿到json,然后要转成数据model,自己写的话就很费事儿,但讲真节前一天完全没心情写代码0.0 于是假期来补吧~

    主要的几种方式为:KVC、Mantle、MJExtension、JSONModel、YYmodel。

    以下为示例json文件~

    // sample.json文件
    {
        "name": "ying", 
        "age": "25", 
        "school": {
            "name": "SJTU", 
            "location": "Shanghai"
        }
    }
    

    1. KVC

    setValuesForKeysWithDictionary可以直接通过dictionary把key-value设置给object,key只要和property名字一样就可以啦~

    下面是model类:

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    
    #import "JsonSchool.h"
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
    
    @interface JsonPersion : NSObject
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *age;
    @property (nonatomic, strong) JsonSchool *school;
    
    @end
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
    
    =======================
    
    #import "JsonPersion.h"
    
    @implementation JsonPersion
    
    - (NSString *)description {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@, age:%@, school:%@", self.name, self.age, self.school] ;
    }
    
    @end
    
    =======================
    
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
    
    @interface JsonSchool : NSObject
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *location;
    
    @end
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
    
    =======================
    
    #import "JsonSchool.h"
    
    @implementation JsonSchool
    
    - (NSString *)description {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@, location:%@", self.name, self.location] ;
    }
    
    @end
    

    解析的时只要:

    #import "JsonParserViewController.h"
    #import "JsonPersion.h"
    
    @interface JsonParserViewController ()
    
    @end
    
    @implementation JsonParserViewController
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        
        NSDictionary *dict = [self readLocalFileWithName:@"sample"];
        JsonPersion *p1 = [[JsonPersion alloc] init];
        [p1 setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
        NSLog(@"p1: %@", p1);
    }
    
    - (NSDictionary *)readLocalFileWithName:(NSString *)name
    {
        NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:name ofType:@"json"];
        NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];
        
        return [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data
                                               options:kNilOptions
                                                 error:nil];
    }
    
    @end
    

    输出就是酱紫的:

    2020-01-25 14:24:02.915340+0800 Example1[4737:869487] p1: name:ying, age:25, school:{
        location = Shanghai;
        name = SJTU;
    }
    

    注意key和property必须一一对应,或者key比property少,如果dict里面的key不是property会crash的吼,而且key的名字必须和property的一直,因为其实setValuesForKeysWithDictionary就是依次调用setValueForKeyPath吧~


    2. Mantle

    git: https://github.com/Mantle/Mantle (使用的时候pod即可)

    Mantle可以轻松把JSON数据、字典(Dictionary)和模型(即Objective对象)之间的相互转换,支持自定义映射,并且内置实现了NSCoding和NSCoping,大大简化归档操作。

    对于mantle而言最重要的就是实现JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey,以及千万记得任何一个model类都要继承MTLModel <MTLJSONSerializing>

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    #import <Mantle/Mantle.h>
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
    
    @interface JsonSchoolMantle : MTLModel <MTLJSONSerializing>
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *location;
    
    @end
    
    @interface JsonPersonMantle : MTLModel <MTLJSONSerializing>
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *age;
    @property (nonatomic, strong) JsonSchoolMantle *school;
    
    @end
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
    
    =====================
    
    #import "JsonPersonMantle.h"
    
    @implementation JsonSchoolMantle
    
    + (NSDictionary *)JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey {
        return @{
            @"name" : @"name",
            @"location" : @"location"
        };
    }
    
    - (NSString *)description {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@, location:%@", self.name, self.location] ;
    }
    
    @end
    
    @implementation JsonPersonMantle
    
    + (NSDictionary *)JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey { 
        return @{
            @"name":@"name",
            @"age":@"age",
            @"school":@"school"
        };
    }
    
    + (NSValueTransformer *)schoolJSONTransformer {
        return [MTLJSONAdapter dictionaryTransformerWithModelClass:[JsonSchoolMantle class]];
    }
    
    - (NSString *)description {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@, age:%@, school:%@", self.name, self.age, self.school] ;
    }
    
    @end
    

    使用的时候只要:

    NSDictionary *dict = [self readLocalFileWithName:@"sample"];
    JsonPersonMantle *p1 = [MTLJSONAdapter modelOfClass:[JsonPersonMantle class] fromJSONDictionary:dict error:nil];
    NSLog(@"p1: %@", p1);
    
    输出:
    2020-01-26 09:35:13.154737+0800 Example1[6023:1175811] p1: name:ying, age:25, school:name:SJTU, location:shanghai
    

    注意使用的时候属性名JSONTransformer其实就是一个转换器,因为有的时候属性是NSDate这种,但是json里面就是一个string,需要转换成相应的属性类型。本例里面的school也是,由于是一个嵌套结构,school也是一个小json,所以它也需要从一个小json转换成一个model,也需要一个transformer。

    由于JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey可以自定义属性以及json中字段的对应关系,所以Mantle比KVC好的一点就是可以property和json字段不一定必须名字一致哈。


    3. JSONModel

    git: https://github.com/jsonmodel/jsonmodel

    JSONModel和KVC类似,它也不需要.m文件里面干点儿啥,只要一句话就能搞成model。但是model类需要继承JSONModel哦~

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    @import JSONModel;
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
    
    @interface JsonSchoolModel : JSONModel
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *location;
    
    @end
    
    @interface JsonPersonModel : JSONModel
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *age;
    @property (nonatomic, strong) JsonSchoolModel *school;
    
    @end
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
    
    ====================
    
    #import "JsonPersonModel.h"
    
    @implementation JsonSchoolModel
    
    - (NSString *)description {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@, location:%@", self.name, self.location] ;
    }
    
    @end
    
    @implementation JsonPersonModel
    
    - (NSString *)description {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@, age:%@, school:%@", self.name, self.age, self.school] ;
    }
    
    @end
    

    使用的时候:

    NSDictionary *dict = [self readLocalFileWithName:@"sample"];
    JsonPersonModel *p1 = [[JsonPersonModel alloc] initWithDictionary:dict error:NULL];
    NSLog(@"p1: %@", p1);
    
    输出:
    2020-01-26 09:59:06.664587+0800 Example1[6093:1188064] p1: name:ying, age:25, school:name:SJTU, location:shanghai
    
    • 如果key和property名字不一样呢?

    可以使用keyMapper来定义如何map,例如下面的官方例子就是把property名orderId对应到json里面的order_id,自动在中间加一个下划线来对应:

    {
        "order_id": 104,
        "order_product": "Product #1",
        "order_price": 12.95
    }
    @interface OrderModel : JSONModel
    @property (nonatomic) NSInteger orderId;
    @property (nonatomic) NSString *orderProduct;
    @property (nonatomic) float orderPrice;
    @end
    
    @implementation OrderModel
    
    + (JSONKeyMapper *)keyMapper
    {
        return [JSONKeyMapper mapperForSnakeCase];
    }
    
    @end
    

    4. MJExtension

    git:https://github.com/CoderMJLee/MJExtension

    MJExtension作为网评最好的一款converter,它和JSONModel类似,无需.m文件支持,甚至你的model类都不需要继承JSONModel,只要用正常的model,然后convert的时候用mj_objectWithKeyValues即可。

    所以举例里面的model用KVC里面即可,转换用以下代码:

    #import <MJExtension/MJExtension.h>
    
    NSDictionary *dict = [self readLocalFileWithName:@"sample"];
    JsonPersion *p1 = [JsonPersion mj_objectWithKeyValues:dict];
    NSLog(@"p1: %@", p1);
    
    输出:
    2020-01-26 12:02:49.662849+0800 Example1[6285:1246846] p1: name:ying, age:25, school:name:SJTU, location:shanghai
    

    如果key和property名字不一致,例如将name属性名改成name2:

    NSDictionary *dict = [self readLocalFileWithName:@"sample"];
    [JsonPersion mj_setupReplacedKeyFromPropertyName:^NSDictionary *{
        return @{@"name2":@"name"};
    }];
    JsonPersion *p1 = [JsonPersion mj_objectWithKeyValues:dict];
    NSLog(@"p1: %@", p1);
    
    输出:
    2020-01-26 12:14:30.028732+0800 Example1[6307:1251963] p1: name2:ying, age:25, school:name:SJTU, location:shanghai
    

    如果字段是NSDate,但是json里面是string,也可以通过重写mj_newValueFromOldValue来实现转换:

    - (id)mj_newValueFromOldValue:(id)oldValue property:(MJProperty *)property{
        if ([property.name isEqualToString:@"birthday"]) {
            if (oldValue) {
                // 格式化时间
                NSDateFormatter* formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
                formatter.timeZone = [NSTimeZone timeZoneWithName:@"shanghai"];
                [formatter setDateStyle:NSDateFormatterMediumStyle];
                [formatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterShortStyle];
                [formatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm"];
                NSDate* date = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:[oldValue doubleValue]];
                NSString* dateString = [formatter stringFromDate:date];
                return dateString;
                }
            }
            else {
                return @"日期有误";
            }
        return oldValue;
    }
    

    如果json里面包含array,就是下面酱紫:

    [StatusResult mj_setupObjectClassInArray:^NSDictionary *{
        return @{
                   @"statuses" : @"Status",
                   // @"statuses" : [Status class],
                   @"ads" : @"Ad"
                   // @"ads" : [Ad class]
               };
    }];
    

    5. YYModel

    git: https://github.com/ibireme/YYModel

    围观膜拜大神~ YY系列真的超厉害,它用起来也是不用.m干啥,直接用就行,model就用KVC里面的:

    #import <NSObject+YYModel.h>
    
    NSDictionary *dict = [self readLocalFileWithName:@"sample"];
    JsonPersion *p1 = [JsonPersion modelWithDictionary:dict];
    NSLog(@"p1: %@", p1);
    
    输出:
    2020-01-26 12:35:51.598271+0800 Example1[6320:1258252] p1: name:ying, age:25, school:name:SJTU, location:shanghai
    

    注意无论是model没定义json里面的相应property,或是json里面少了property相应的key,都已可以正常编译过不会crash的哦~

    YYModel还可以自动转换数据格式吼~ 例如model的property是NSDate,只要json里面的value符合date的格式就会被自动转换吼。

    JSON/Dictionary Model
    NSString NSNumber,NSURL,SEL,Class
    NSNumber NSString
    NSString/NSNumber C number (BOOL,int,float,NSUInteger,UInt64,...) NaN and Inf will be ignored
    NSString NSDate parsed with these formats: yyyy-MM-dd、yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss、yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss、yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ、EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss Z yyyy
    NSDate NSString formatted with ISO8601:"YYYY-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ"
    NSValue struct (CGRect,CGSize,...)
    NSNull nil,0
    "no","false",... @(NO),0
    "yes","true",... @(YES),1
    • 如果property和key不一致可以在model里面覆写modelCustomPropertyMapper
    // JSON:
    {
        "n":"Harry Pottery",
        "p": 256,
        "ext" : {
            "desc" : "A book written by J.K.Rowing."
        },
        "ID" : 100010
    }
    
    // Model:
    @interface Book : NSObject
    @property NSString *name;
    @property NSInteger page;
    @property NSString *desc;
    @property NSString *bookID;
    @end
    @implementation Book
    + (NSDictionary *)modelCustomPropertyMapper {
        return @{@"name" : @"n",
                 @"page" : @"p",
                 @"desc" : @"ext.desc",
                 @"bookID" : @[@"id",@"ID",@"book_id"]};
    }
    @end
    

    这里的嵌套可以用 xx.xxx的方式映射为model的一个属性吼,不用必须让嵌套的内容变成单独的model。这样的做法mantle之类的也可以哈。

    YYModel也是支持array之类的,感兴趣的同学可以git看一下,它的文档也很全。


    6. Comparison

    image

    上图是转换同样次数所花的时间,可以看出来mantle是最慢的,MJExtension一向是号称转换效率最高并且最好用的。YYModel各项指标都非常的快,用起来也很方便~

    总体而言KVC不适于property和json key名称不一致,所以不太好用;mantle必须要提供key和property的对应表,并且速度较慢;JSONModel也还挺方便的,但是model需要继承JSONModel,整体性能不如MJExtension;YYModel比MJExtension要快一些。使用上讲MJExtension、YYModel其实方便程度差不多。

    但具体使用哪个还是要看情景,比如mantle自动实现了NSCopying,MJExtension和YYModel并没有让原来model继承神马,所以没有对原来的model做默认的改变。但性能和方便性而言YYmodel还是很厉害的~


    最后推荐一个json直接转成model.h以及.m的工具:https://www.jianshu.com/p/7c09fcbb42c3

    参考:
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/d07aaae459d2
    性能对比:https://www.jianshu.com/p/5d50b7d9abd2
    MJExtension用法:https://www.jianshu.com/p/1efa3c2ffde3

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