理表

第一单元从中国制造到中国设计

从中国制造到中国设计

中国公司想创造世界品牌，外国公司想增加在中国的销量，这些都正改变着中国的设计产业。中国制造商意识到，若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。索尼这样的外国公司也开始明白，从前海外公司常把随便什么地方设计的产品拿到中国来卖，而现在，中国消费者变得更加挑剔，他们不再那样容易满足了。

The Chinese world of design is being transformed by the twin desires of Chinese companies seeking to establish brands globally and foreign companies trying to increase their sales within China. Domestic companies have come to realize that they must improve product design to stand out at home, and also to make a name in the international market. Likewise, globally companies like Sony now realize they can no longer sell slapdash, designed-elsewhere products in China, because Chinese consumers nowadays are far more demanding and difficult to please.

尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋等都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美或日本完成的。中国公司制造自己品牌的产品时，通常是模仿国外。但如今不同了，他们都想开创自己的品牌。随着中国公司在设计上的改进，跨国公司意识到，他们的产品需要专门针对中国消费者的品味进行“量身定做”了。这些使中国设计产业开始繁荣起来。中国公司开始建立设计中心或雇人帮他们打造自己的品牌。成百上千的设计顾问公司在上海、北京和广州涌现。国外年轻设计师也开始拥入中国，想在这个全球最有活力的消费市场上一试身手。

Many electronic goods and shoes sold all over the world are manufactured in China, yet most of them are designed in Europe, the United States and Japan. In the past, when Chinese companies created their own brands, they usually imitated foreign designs. However the situation is changing. As Chinese designs improve, multinationals now understand that their products must be“tailored” to Chinese consumer tastes. All this has resulted in a burgeoning of industrial design in the country. Chinese enterprises are setting up their own design centers or employing outside professionals for brand-building. Many design consulting agencies have appeared in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou, and young designers are flocking from overseas to try their luck in this most vibrant consumer market in the world.

现在，中国约有400所学院提供设计课程，每年有1万名毕业生。一些中国设计师获得国际大奖，许多人开始到米兰、东京、纽约等地工作。设计成为中国最热门的专业之一，甚至已渗入到社会生活中。

Over 400 colleges and universities currently offer courses in industrial design, and ten thousand graduate every year. A number of Chinese designers have won major international prizes, and many now work in Milan, Tokyo and New York. Design has become one of the most popular fields of study and is affecting every aspect of daily life.

第二单元搭建网上丝绸之路（讲话）

搭建网上丝绸之路

Building a Silk Road online

北京外国语大学校长郝平

Hao Ping, President of Beijing Foreign Studies University

尊敬的柯灵坎培尔爵士，阿吉博士，熊玉梅副局长，企业界、新闻界的朋友们，各位来宾，女士们，先生们：

Honourable Sir Colin Campbell,

Honourable Doctor Mukesh Aghi,

Honourable Deputy Director General Xiong Yuemei,

Distinguished friends from the business community and the media,

Distinguished guests,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

今天是个不平凡的日子。她不平凡，首先是她让我想起了中外文化交流史上一些不平凡的往事。公元前138至119年间，汉武大帝使者张骞两赴西域，历时数十年之久，开辟了戈壁上的丝绸之路。

This is a special day for us all, for we are doing something that brings to mind many of the extraordinary events in the long history of east-west cultural exchange. In 138 and 119 BCE, during the region of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian was twice dispatched as an imperial envoy to he Western Regions on expeditions lasting many years. Thanks to him the routes through the Gobi Desert expanded into what later came to be known as the Silk Road.

公元1271年，意大利商人Marco Polo继其父之衣钵，不远万里来到中国，在中国界居17年后返回故乡。他不仅是中西文化传承的使者，而且让古老的丝绸之路从中亚延伸至欧洲大陆。

In 1271，the Italian trader Marco Polo set out on the long journey from Italy to China with his father, remaining here for 17 years before returning to his homeland. He was not only an ambassador between Western and Eastern cultures, but also a pioneer on the Silk Road from Europe through Central Asia.

也是在1271年，意大利商人D’Ancona来到中国的被他称之为“光之城”的海上丝绸之路，就是今天中国福建的泉州市。这故事发生在中国的北-南两宋期间。到了明代，还有更为人知的海上丝绸之路的大事。今天在座的有来自新加坡国立大学的嘉宾。新加坡及周边国家和地区在我国历史上被称之为“南洋”，开始一度还以为是“西洋"，这有点像哥伦布把南美洲当成了印度。公元1405至1430二十五年间，郑和受明朝廷派遣先后七次下南洋，开辟了有划时代意义的海上另一条丝绸之路。

Also in 1271, the Italian merchant Jacob D’Ancona traveled by way of the maritime Silk Road to the city of Quanzhou, in today’s Fujian Province. He called Quanzhou “the city of light.” The period was the Song Dynasty. Later, in the Ming Dynasty, even more important events occurred along the maritime Silk Road when, between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He sailed seven times on the orders of the Ming emperors to the countries of “Xi Yang” or the Western Ocean. Some of our guests here today are from the National University of Singapore. Historically, It was believed that Singapore and the surrounding nations were part of the Western Ocean, a bit like Columbus thought America was India. Thus over a period of 28 years was a new set of major ocean trade routes explored and extended.

我们有了跨越欧亚大陆的陆地丝绸之路，还有跨越亚非大陆的海上丝绸之路。今天历史给我们一个新的任务，就是搭建网上的丝绸之路。U21Global可以说是搭建网上丝绸之路的一头拓荒的骆驼。张骞花了近20 年，Marco Polo用了 17年，郑和耗时25年，开辟了陆地、海上丝綢之路。我想U21Global这只拓荒骆驼大概不需要花费如此长的时间就可以走出一 条网络丝绸之路。这是因为我们有前贤留下的脚印，有可以跨越时空间的网络技术，还有我们已经交付了一些学费。比如我们北京外国语大学就已经交了六年的学费，试办北京外国语大学网络教育学院。我们已经有注册学生一万五千多人，毕业生近3000人，全日制员工140人。

The overland Silk Road crosses the Eurasian continent, the maritime one links Asia and Africa, and today our new task is to build a Silk Road online. U21Global can be likened to a pioneering camel braving the unknown. While it took Zhang Qian 20 Years, Marco polo17 and Zheng He 28 to explore and the two ancient Silk roads, I believe our U21Global will take far less time to build. This is because we have a rich legacy from the past, we have internet technology that can transcend time and space, and we have already started to lay a firm foundation. For example, six years ago, Beijing Foreign Studies University set up its institute of Online Education. Today, with 140 full-time staff, it provides distance learning to over 15,000 enroll students and has nearly 3,000 graduates.

经验告诉我们，我们一不小心，很容易把网上学习（e-learning)等同于网络教育（e-education)。网上学习是一种行为，而网络教育是一个系统工程。我们北外网院从一开始就提出了12字方针，即资源、服务、过程、监控、质量、效益。网络教育是基于资源的教育，然而有资源没有服务是不行的，而离开过程谈服务是架空的；对过程中的服务进行监控是质量的源泉。有了质量经济和社会效益就不请自来。网络教育成敗的核心不是电脑问题，而是人脑问题。我们在学生中推行“十项全人”教育，在教师中推行了新技术、新理念、新角色的“三新”教育，在平台设计上从基于课堂转向基于课程，最终达到基于资源的空中超市。我们北外网院已经成为一个品牌。教育部的赞杨、社会的认同，成功的国际合作，以及无需做广告，是我们的回报。

From experience, we know it is very easy to confuse e-learning with e-education. E-learning is a specific way of learning, while e-education is a systematic approach to education. From the very beginning, our institute of online Education has focused on building up resources, providing services, monitoring processes, and controlling quality, to produce better results. Resources are the basis of services, which are then delivered through appropriate processes. Process monitoring guarantees quality and with quality come benefits for both the university and society. The success of e-education depends on people, not computers. We are promoting a“Whole Person Education” amount our students, and what we call he “Three News” amongst our faculty,i.e. new technology, new ideas an new roles. In the design of our platform, we have shifted from online classrooms to online courses, with the aim of providing educational offerings like a virtual supermarket. Our efforts have given us a recognizable name so we do not have to advertise, and our reward has been praise from the Ministry of Education, recognition from the public, and successful cooperation with international partners.

中国传统文化里有这样一个智慧，就是办事成功的秘诀有三：天时、地利、人和。我认为我们三方的合作是三诀俱全。北外与20所大学想到一起，走到一起，捆绑到一起，是人和。即将到来的北京奥运会，以及伦敦将相继承办的奥运会正是天时和地利。奥运会不仅给我们提供了为之服务的机遇，同时也成了展示我们竞争力的舞台。奥运精神是重在参与。我们不妨既重参与又重竞技。

According to the old Chinese saying, success depends on the right time, the right place, and the right people. I believe the cooperation between our three sides fulfills all these conditions. BSFU is thinking and acting in concert with 20 other universities; we are working closely together, so we are the“right people.” The upcoming Beijing Olympics and the future London Games will provide us with “the right place and the right time ”. We will have opportunities to provide service and demonstrate our competitiveness. Participation is at the heart of the Olympic Spirit, so we too must participate and compete.

作为结语，我以为，最终笑得最美的关键，在于我们对未来有我们自己所憧愫的蓝图，以及我们有让蓝图变为现实的决心和勇气。我想，在座的各位嘉宾和代表会同意我这样的定位：今天我们迈出的是一小步，然而却是网络丝绸之路上的一大步！

谢谢大家！

In conclusion, I would point out that our success depends on a far-sighted blueprint for the future, as well as on our determination and courage to make it a reality. I am sure you all agree with me when I say that the step we are taking here may seem small but it is a huge stride along the Online Silk Road.

(说明：2007年7月6日上午，北京外国语大学与英国诺丁汉大学、U21高教在线在北京香格里拉饭店联合举办奥林匹克运动会服务战略合作发布会，此为校长致辞。）

第三单元推荐信

尊敬的先生：

To Whom It May Concern:

我叫XXX,是XXX师范大学人口~资源与环境学院区域经济学和城市地理学研究方向的一名教授。我教授（城市地理学）这门课程时认识了Victoria Li,她是一个让我印象深刻的学生。

My name is ABC, and I am a professor of regional economics and urban geography in the School of Population, Resources and Environment of XYZ Teachers University. I first came to know Victoria Li when she took my course on“Urban Geography” and she impressed me right from the start.

对于Victoria的初次印象十分巧合，我初次上深时提问了一个还未讲 到的问题，本来没有抱太大的期望有学生可以回答出来，就随机点了 Victoria,没想到她的回答令人满意，可见她已经做了认真充分的预习。

In my first class, I asked a question that I did not expect anyone would be able to answer as yet, and randomly picked on Victoria. To my surprise, she gave a satisfactory reply, which clearly showed that she had prepared for the lesson.

在后来的课堂讨论上，Victoria每一次都主动和极，充满热情的展示她 自己的观点，并把这些观点能够清晰、有逻辑的表达出来。当同学提出不 同的观点时，她也能有理有据的进行辩论，可见她不仅仅是停留在知识的 表面，而是已经有了比较深入的探究。她是课后为数不多的经常和导师交 流，向老师们询问对她的课业改进意见的学生，她的好学、创新和研究潜 质都给我留下了深刻的印象。

In subsequent class discussions, Victoria always participated enthusiastically, stating her ideas clearly and logically. When challenged, she was able to lay out and back up her arguments, showing that she not only had the knowledge but had also given considerable thought to the issues. She was one of the few students who frequently communicated with her professors, asking them for comments and advice on her studies. I was very impressed by her diligence, creative and interest in research.

Victoria做事很认真，有钻研精神。在一项研究课题中，我分派给 Victoria的任务是调査XXX省XXX市的城市用地现状。在所有学生提交的 结果中，她的是最为准确和详尽的一个。后来了解到她没有同其他同学一 样，仅仅简单的利用查阅的现有资料做出了结果。她在七八月的酷暑中， 骑自行车到XXX市亲自调查，跑了许多地方，以确保数据的准确无误，并 大量査阅课本和资料以对调研项目有着深入的分析和独特的观点。

Victoria is very conscientious and possesses a spirit of inquiry. For one of our assignments, I asked her to look into land use in the town of D, in XYZ province. Her results were the most accurate and detailed of all the students in the class. Subsequently I learned that, unlike her classmates, she had not just consulted the data at hand, but had ridden her bicycle in the torrid summer heat to the city of D where she had visited several places to check on the accuracy of the data. She had also read up extensively on the subject and was thus able to present an in-depth analysis and offer some original ideas.

虽然Victoria非常认真以至在学业问题的讨论中有时比较固执，会深究一些小节或琐碎之处，但是一旦加以改进就会取得更好效果。

Victoria can be carried away by details and minor issues, and can be quite stubborn; however in the right situations, this could be seen as a strength.

我认为Victoria同学有着在City and Regional Planning方向培养的潜质 和前途，特推荐Victoria入读贵校。如果您有问题需进一步了解，请直接 与我联系。

Overall, I believe she has great potential in the field of urban and regional planning, and I strongly recommend her to your program.Please feel free to contact me directly if you have any further question.

推荐人XXX

Sincerely,

(Signature)

ABC

第四单元形象设计中服饰语言的运用（论文）

形象设计中服饰语言的运用

The Language of Dress: Clothing and Decoration in Image Design

形象设计是研究人的外观与造型的视觉艺术，是造型、质地、色彩以及风格等综合因素的表现。它不仅包含服装、服饰、发型、化妆、体态等具体内容，还涵盖了精神、文化等因素，是人、衣、形、神的和谐统一，同时还是一个整体的、全面的构思与计划，并把这种构思与计划通过一定手段完成的过程。

Personal image design is a visual art that uses lines, textures, colours and styles to create a certain external appearance and shape for a person. It comprises such physical elements as clothing, decoration, hairstyle, make-up and posture, as well as the less tangible elements of culture and a person’s state of being.

服饰语言符号在形象设计中承栽了许多信息，比如一个人的受教育程度、社会地位、个人兴趣、经济状况等，是人的品位、感情、心态、个性表达的物化形式。服饰语言的运用，包括服装造型的表达，色彩的运用，材料质感的选择以及服装饰品的搭配。

Designing an image is the process by which these elements are holistically conceived, planned and put together in an aesthetically pleasing way. How a person dresses conveys many messages, such as their education, social standing, personal taste, and economic status; their choice of clothing is also a physical expression of their personality, preferences, emotions and moods. The language of clothes includes shapes, colours, textures, and decorations.

1.服装造型的表达Shape

服装造型是服饰语言体系中重要的符号之一，服装造型注重服装廓形和服装比例关系的设计。服装廓形是按照几何形不断组合变化而构成各种款式造型，形成常见的A字形造型、H形造型、Y形造型等。服装廓形尤其是外廓形，直观的传达出服装的基本特征，塑造出服装款式风格，同时是表达人体体态的主要手段，它可以强调和夸张人体的某一部分，从而获得人体形态的新概念。

Shapes are an important sign in the language of dress, as they define the outline and proportions of the whole design. The overall contour is created by the use and juxtaposition of different geometrical shape, as seen in the common A-line, H-line and Y-line. The lines, especially the silhouettes, visually express the basic features of the design and create a certain style. They can also highlight or exaggerate parts of the human figures, thus creating a new appearance.

服装比例关系的设计，主要通过某种形式的安排使服装中的各个部位之间、部分和整体之间互有关系，通过比例的设置和调节，利用视错觉原理，使服装以及通过服装修饰的人体形成美的视觉效果。如宽大的A字形外套，与之相配的是合体裤或紧身裙，会使简练的形体产生有节奏的、流畅的美感。如X型款式的服装造型，上下两个三角形产生对立形态的设计，强调面积大小的对比，强调几何形在服装款式中的表现形式。由此可见，服装造型语言的运用是为了完美体现人的形体体态和个性特质。

Proportion is the way the parts in a design relate to each other and to the design as a whole. The different elements of a garment may be arranged in such a way as to create the illusion of a perfect body. For example, a loose A-line outfit worn with fitting slacks or skirt creates a pleasing simple, rhythmic, flowing shape. In an X-line design, the upper and lower triangles produce a sense of opposition and contrasting size, so highlighting the use of geometric forms. Shapes and lines can be used artfully to flatter the figure and display individuality.

2.服装色彩语言Colour

色彩总是最先进入人们的视觉感受系统，不同程度地影响着人们的情感和情绪。比如颜色的深浅、冷暖，深色显得安定、沉着，浅色显得文雅、大方；冷色显得沉静、庄重，暖色显得热烈、奔放，就如同人的性格特质一样有其自身的色彩语汇，影响着人的情緒和行为。色彩感受不仅因人的自身感受不同而不同，而且因为国家、地域、习俗、宗教等社会因素的不同产生很大的差异。比如婚宴上东方的红与西方的白传递出不同国度、不同地域的传统习俗和宗教信仰。再如黄色是中国皇帝的专有色彩、皇权的象征，在埃及则是逝者的丧服，可见同样的色彩语言蕴含着不同的色彩语义。

Colour is one of the first things that strike the eye, and it can have a certain effect on our emotions and mood. Dark colours are calming and soothing; lighter ones elegant and bright; cool colours are subdued and serious; warm ones vibrant and playful. The vocabulary of colour is as rich as personalities. Other factors too come into play: national taste, regional preferences, custom and religion. The use of red at an Asian wedding and white at a western one demonstrate all these different aspects. In China, yellow is reserved for the emperor and symbolizes imperial power; whereas in Egypt it is the color of burial clothes for the dead. Clearly, the same colour can mean very different things.

色彩运用还要考虑整体形象的协调统一。如服装色彩与鞋帽、围巾、首饰、包、化妆、肤色之间的互有关系，可以用同类色搭配、同一色彩搭配、色彩互联搭配、色彩间隔变化、主色调搭配等方法进行服饰色彩设计,同时要关注色彩的色相、纯度、饱和度及色彩面积大小等因素的对比，形成既统一又富有变化的服饰色彩关系。对于设计者来说，色彩语言的运用代表着设计者鲜明的设计风格。对于着装者而言，偏爱某种颜色以及色彩搭配，体现出着装者的个人气质、兴趣爱好。

The use of hues in an outfit must form a harmonious whole. Thus the clothes must“go” with hat, scarf, jewelry, handbag, make-up and skin tone, either by using similar, contrasting, or dominant and subordinate colours. The hues, light, saturation and size of coloured areas must all come together to produce a rich yet harmonious color scheme. The image consultant uses the language of colour to create a distinctive style. A wearer chooses and coordinates colours to express personal preferences and taste.

3.材料质感语言Texture

材料是服饰的物质载体，是体现设计思想的物质基础和服饰制作的客观对象。服饰材料的质感、触感、量感、表面肌理、表面纹饰决定了服饰造型效果，材料的薄厚、粗细及光滑程度的选择与使用可以半富服饰的设计语汇，扩大设计表现力，强化服饰美感，同时也表现出人衣交织的奇妙感。

The materials used to make clothing are the physical representation of a design concept. Texture, mass and surface pattern determine the overall effect; whereas fabric thickness, coarseness and smoothness are additional means of expression to enrich the vocabulary of design.

现代设计观念较早年有颠覆性的改变，从单一的面料延伸至多元化的综合材料，人们善用表面质感迥异的材料，表达服飾设计的理念。如薄纱、丝绸、羊毛衫、棉衣会同时出现在秋冬季服装的着装列表中，并且交错使用质感反差较大的材料以丰富服饰设计语汇。

Modern fashion has undergone a dramatic shift from earlier years. Use of a single kind of material is now replaced by a combination of many. Designers use fabrics of entirely different texture to express new concepts. An autumn or winter collection will include costumes made from muslin, silk, wool and cotton, often used together to enrich design possibilities.

4.服饰品的运用Decoration

服饰语言诉说了服装的风格特征，而服装风格是人物形象完整概念的综合体现，服饰品的加入也要为这一主旨服务。具体表现在它与服装搭配的整体性上，饰品与服装的搭配组合，要从色彩、造型、材质等整体效果考虑和把握。通常以服装为主体，围绕服装的特点选择配饰的成格，使着装者形成统一完美的风格形式，所以如何协调他们的关系是不可忽视的因素之一。饰品有其独特完整的风貌，或优雅成熟、或俏皮年轻、或民族风情的性格特点，不同的服饰品在不同的服装风格中扮演着重要角色，向人们传达着构思与联想的信息，引导人们更加合理的运用它们，有选择的与服装搭配。

As part of the language of dress, decorations should contribute to a style that reflects a person’s complete image. They should be selected on the basis of the overall design so they fit with the garment in colour, shape, and material. Coordination is therefore a key consideration.

Decorations also have a value of their own. They can be subtle and mature, or playful and young, or contain ethic features and accents. Their use varies according to different clothing styles, where they can be both expressive and evocative.

此外，服饰中多变的装饰手法、装饰用料是丰富的服饰语言中不可缺少的一部分。不同的装饰手法与装饰用料能展现出服饰千变万化的成貌。繁复的镶嵌、滚边、精工的刺绣和印染或珠宝、亮片这些装饰手法及材料搭配相应的服饰造型、服饰色彩，就能形成一套完整的塑造服饰形象的服饰语言，来表现所要设定的形象的特定风格和神韵。

Materials and techniques used for decoration are another indispensable part of design enrichment. Applique, trimming, embroidery, prints, sequins and seed pearls, when matched tastefully with clothing lines and colours, can create a distinctive image and style.

5.结语Conclusion

服饰语言是指通过人的衣着打扮，揭示人的思想性格，传递一定的信息，增强交际效果的一种间接表达手段。服饰语言运用的准确性在于服饰风格与人的风格特征的一致性，是服饰造型、色彩搭配、材料选择与人之间构成的谐调关系，并与大多数人的欣赏习惯相符合。所以服饰语言运用的秘籍与服装设计原理有异曲同工之妙，都要遵循美学法则，协调局部与整体的关系，使每一个细节都与主体相吻合，恰当地表现人的精神气质，使服饰语言更好地服务于形象设计。

The language of dress reveals an individual’s personality and conveys information which indirectly enhances interpersonal communication. The secret lies in consistency between the garment’s style and the individual’s. The combination of lines, colours, and materials should create a look that not only fits the wearer’s individual taste, but also conforms to the general aesthetic conventions of the day. Just like a dress designer, an image consultant follows the aesthetic principles of adjusting the parts to the whole, making each detail fit the overall look, and expressing the spirit of the wearer.

第五单元研究收入分配问题要分清两个层次（摘要）

研究收入分配问题要分清两个层次

[摘要]

马克思经典作家认为分配是生产的一个环节，分配关系决定于生产关系。一定社会占统治地位的生产关系决定的经济制度包括两个方面，即基本经济制度和经济体制；由此决定了收入分配也包括两个层次，一是由基本经济制度决定的分配方式，二是分配方式在不同经济体制下的具体实现形式和具体操作性做法。学术界对收入分配问题认识上存在的许多错误观点就是因为混淆了这两个层次造成的。

Two Levels of Income Distribution

Abstract

Classic Marxist writers argue that distribution is one of the stages of production, and that the relations of distribution are determined by the relations of production. A society’s economic system, determined by the dominant set of production relations, comprises two parts: “the basic economic system” (socialist or capitalist) and the “form of economy” (a planned or a market economy). This in turn means that distribution of income also consists of two levels. One is the mode of distribution as determined by “the basic economic system”; the other is the specific ways and approaches adopted to achieve such a mode of distribution under a certain “form of economy”. There are many misconceptions in academia about income distribution as a result of confusion over these two levels.

第六单元士官文化在士官思想政治教育中的作用（摘要）

士官文化在士官思想政治教育中的作用

Role of NCO Culture in Ethical and Political Education

随着2009年士官制度改革的深入推进，士官的地位和作用进一步提升。同时，士官作为与指挥人才、参谋人才、科研人才、教育人才并称的五支人才队伍之一，其任职岗位对其全面素质的要求也与日俱增。 尤其面对现代战争认知域的激烈抗衡，以理想信念为核心的政治素质的重要性日益彰显，士官思想政治教育的效果越来越成为一个重要的课题。

Continued reform in 2009 of the non-commissioned officer (NCO) system has given an added boost to the status and role of the NCOs in the Chinese military. As one of the“five military talents”(the other four are commanders, staff officers, scientists/researchers, and educators), NCOs are now expected to be of a higher caliber than ever before. As battles in the cognitive domain rage in the modern warfare, it has become obvious that military personnel must have a core of ideals and political beliefs, and hence the effective ethical and political education of NCOs has become a matter of great interest.

本研究紧紧围绕士官文化在士官思想政治教育中的作用这个核心问题，从士官文化入手，总结梳理士官文化的涵义、功能和特点，并尝试在文化精神、文化环境和文化资源三个维度进行士官文化体系建构。同时，在深入分析士官思想政治教育对象的特点、士官思想政治教育对士官文化的需求的基础上，得出结论：士官文化对提高士官思想政治教育的效果有积极作用，但是，仍存在本身建构不力和消极成分尚未消解等问题。针对这些问题，本文以某士官学校的实践为例，充分借鉴我国军事文化对思想政治教育积极作用的经验，提出积极培育符合士官特点具有时代特色的士官文化精神、充分营造有利于士官心理积极发展的士官文化环境和大力开发内容丰富的士官文化资源三个方面具体策略。

This research focuses on the central role played by NCO culture in this education. It looks into the culture content, its features and functions, and proposes building a system based on three constructs of spirit, environment and resources. An examination of the characteristics of NCOs themselves, and what their ethical and political education requires from this culture shows that the latter does indeed exert a positive effect, though there are weaknesses and insufficiencies that need to be addressed. A certain NCO training academy is used as a case study to look into how China’s military culture has positively affected ethical and political education; and on this basis, I propose a new concept for NCO training, one that actively fosters a special NCO spirit in line with the time, that builds an environment for personal psychological growth, and that draws upon varied resources to enrich the culture itself.

第七单元偏执与规范：中国古代小说脾气描写的文化解读（摘要）

偏执与规范：中国古代小说脾气描写的文化解读

Deviation and conformity -- a Cultural Interpretation of Temperament in Classic Chinese Novels

摘要：在传统文化背景下，中国古代小说致力于写出人物脾气的偏执性。从“五性”视角看，我们可以将《三国志演义》、《西游记》等小说所描写的人物脾气归纳为相生相克的五类：柔媚水性，厚重土性，骄纵金性，憨直木性，暴躁火性。从情绪产生的速度来看，中国古代小说常常按照“缓急”、“快慢”等属性来框定人物的脾气，并进而通过人物的行为方式和言语态度来坐实。从情绪变化的幅度看，中国古代小说又常常有意无意地将人物脾气纳入到“狂狷”框架内进行描写，通过人物的言语态度将人物脾气的狂放或矜持反映出来。总之，中国古代小说关于人物脾气的描写大致符合传统文化脾性范畴，我们可以借此镜照现实社会人生。

Abstract

Classic Chinese novels tend to contain characters whose temperaments deviate from norms required of an average person. Based on the“five natures”(wu xing) theory, the temperaments of characters in such works as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Journey to the West can be divided into “interactive” categories: soft and gentle as water, generous and steady as earth, arrogant and willful as metal, honest and straightforward as wood, and impatient and hot-tempered as fire. Based on the “volatility” criterion, temperaments are divided into “cool” or “hot”, “slow” or “quick”, and these traits are then gradually confirmed by the characters’ speech and behavior. Based on the degree of mood change, temperaments are described deliberately or unintentionally in terms of “unconstraint” (kuang) or “restraint” (juan), and likewise are reveled by speech and attitude.

All in all, character descriptions in ancient Chinese novels generally conform to traditional categories of temperament that can still be used to describe people today.

第八单元石油和化工产业振兴支撑技术指导意见（规定）

石油和化工产业振兴支撑技术指导意见（节选）

Guidelines on Underpinning Technologies to Revitalize the Petrochemical Industry

为全面推进（石化产业调整和振兴规划）的实施，认真落实国务院《关于发挥科技支撑作用，促进经济平稳较快发展的意见》（国发[2009] 9号），充分发挥科学技术在产业结构调整中的引领和支撑作用，特制订《石油和化工产业振兴支撑技术指导意见》。

Guidelines on Underpinning Technologies to Revitalize the Petrochemical Industry have been drawn up to further the Plan to Restructure and Invigorate the Petrochemical Industry, and to carry out the State Council’s Opinion on Science and Technology to Underpin Stable and Fast Economic Growth (Guofa No. [2009 ] 9). These are to ensure that science and technology both guide and support industrial restructuring.

充分发挥科学技术对石化产业调整振兴的重要支撑作用

1. The Importance of Science and Technology to Revitalize the Petrochemical Industry

石油和化学工业是技术密集型产业，其发展是以科技为先导的。我国是石油和化学品生产、消费大国。进入21世纪，石化产业快速增长，经济规模不断扩大，综合实力显著提高，目前已有20多种大宗产品的产量位居世界前列，主要石油和化工产品的增量和消费量保持世界领先地位。我国石油和化学工业所以能够创造持续高速发展的奇迹，关键在于我们坚定不移地实施“科教兴国”、“科技兴化”战略，充分发挥科学技术在行北发展中的强大支撑作用。

The petrochemical industry is technology-intensive, so its growth depends on progress in science and technology. China is both a major producer and consumer of petrochemicals. Since the start of the 21*' century, the industry has grown rapidly in both size and overall strength. At present, outputs of over 20 bulk products rank among the foremost in the world; increases in production and consumption of major products are also amongst the highest. This sustained and rapid growth can be attributed to our consistently applying the strategies of technology to advance petrochemicals”.

目前，石化产业在快速发展中长期积累的矛盾日益凸现。经济发展方式比较粗放，结构性矛盾比较突出，行止经济规模大而不强，资源环境约束加大；去年下半年以来，受国际金融危机影响，石化产业受到严重冲击。迫切需要通过结构调整和产业升级，提高行业整体素质和市场竞争力；迫切需要认真贯彻“自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来”的方针，按照行业发展必须依靠科学技术、科学技术必须面向行业经济发展的要求，加快科技成果转化，为石油和化学工北的结构调整和产业振兴提供强大的技术支撐。

At this point, a number of problems have surfaced as a result of many years of fast expansion. These include overly extensive growth, structural imbalances, lack of competitiveness in spite of large scale, and increasing constraints in natural resources and the environment. Since the second half of and upgrading to raise the industry’s overall quality and competitiveness.

Another urgent need is to encourage“ indigenous innovation in key areas to support current and future development”. As innovations are commercialized faster, growth will drive technology and technology will serve development.

This will all lay a sound basis for restructuring and invigorating the whole industry.

(―)依靠科技进步优化产品结构、提高产业竞争力。

1) Science and technology to optimize product mix and increase competitiveness

我国石化产品结构性矛盾突出。集中表现在石化产品、有机化工产品和高档新产品的比重过低，高消耗、粗加工、低附加值产品比重偏高。只有通过技术创新，大力发展新产品制备技术和深加工技术，延伸产业链，拓宽产品幅度，实现产品的高性能化、专用化、绿色化和高附加值化，才能优化产品的结构，提高产业的竞争力和为国民经济相关产业的配套能力。

There is a serious imbalance in China’s petrochemical product mix: on the one hand, too few petrochemicals, organic chemicals, high-end and new products; on the other, too many resource-intensive, low tech and low value- added ones. Only innovation will create new manufacturing and processing support other industries in the national economy.

There is a serious imbalance in China’s petrochemical product mix: on the one hand, too few petrochemicals, organic chemicals, high-end and new products; on the other, too many resource-intensive, low tech and low value- added ones. Only innovation will create new manufacturing and processing support other industries in the national economy.

第九单元 北斗卫星导航系统（报道〉

北斗卫星导航系统

The COMPASS Satellite Navigation System

2000年10月和12月，中国分别发射了两颗“北斗一号”卫星，组建了导航定位系统。2010年1月成功发射了第三颗北斗导航卫星，为静止轨道卫星，它与前两颗“北斗一号”工作星组成了完整的卫星导航定位系统，确保全天候、全天时提供卫星导航信息，是中国成为继美国、俄罗斯之后世界上第三个拥有自主卫星导航系统的国家。

In October and December 2000, China launched two Beidou-1 satellites, thus creating its own navigation and positioning system. On January 1, 2010, a third satellite was sent up. This was a geostationary satellite, which together with the other two, has formed a constellation that provides all-weather, round-the-clock, real-time navigation information. China has now become the third country after the US and Russia to have its own satellite navigation system.

北斗卫星导航系统是中国自行研制的卫星导航定位系统，具有导航、定位和授时的功能。这一系统已成功应用于测绘、电信、水利、渔业、交通运输、森林防火、减灾救灾和国家安全等诸多领域，产生了显著的经济效益和社会效益。特别是在2008年南方雨雪冰冻灾害、汶川大地震抗震救灾和北京奥运会中发挥了非常重要的作用。

The Beidou system, also known as COMPASS, is independently developed and built by China. It provides navigation, positioning and timing services, and has already been successfully used in mapping, telecommunications, water management, fishing, transportation, forest fire prevention, disaster reduction and relief, and for public security. The result has been substantial economic and social benefits. In 2008, it played a particularly important role during the Beijing Olympic Games, and in relief and rescue work after the Wenchuan earthquake and the snow-storms in South China.

中国正在实施北斗卫星导航系统（COMPASS,中文音译名称为BeiDou)建设工作，规划相继发射5颗静止轨道卫星和30颗非静止轨道卫星，建成覆盖全球的北斗卫星导航系统。2012年左右，北斗卫星导航系统将首先提供覆盖亚太地区的导航、授时和短报文通信服务能力。2020年左右，建成覆盖全球的北斗卫星导航系统。

China is continuing to expand its satellite navigation system, and plans to launch 5 more geostationary and 30 non-geostationary satellites to provide complete global coverage. Around 2012, the system will start to provide navigation, timing and short message services for the Asia-Pacific region. By 2020 complete global coverage will be available.

利用若干颗导航定位卫星组成卫星导航系统，综合了传统天文导航定位和地面无线电导航定位的优点，相当于一个设置在太空的无线电导航台，可在任何时间、任何地点为用户确定其所在的地理经纬度和海拔高度。目前，世界上只有少数几个国家能够自主研制生产卫星导航系统。中国自行研制生产的北斗卫星导航定位系统，不仅具备了上述能力，而且在定位性能上有所创新。

Using a group of navigation and positioning satellites, a satellite navigation system combines the advantages of traditional celestial and ground-based radio navigation systems, so that users can fix their latitude, longitude, and altitude at any time and from any place. At present, only a small number of countries are able to develop and build satellite navigation systems. China’s Beidou is not only able to perform functions described above, but also contains innovations in positioning.

第十单元内部控制鉴证报告

内部控制鉴证报告

Assurance Report on Internal Control

大信鉴字（2009)第4-0004号

Daxin Jianzi(2009) No. 4-0004

XXX化工股份有限公司全体股东：

To shareholders of ABC Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.:

我们接受委托，对后附的XXX化工股份有限公司（以下称简贵公司）管理层根据财政部颁发的《企业内部控制基本规范》和证券交易所上市公司内部控制指引的规定于2008年12月31日与財务报表相关的内部控制的有效性认定进行评价。贵公司管理层的责任是建立健全内部控制并保持其有效性，我们的责任是对贵公司认定书中所述与財务报表相关的内部控制的有效性发表意见。

Daxin Certified public Accountants (“Daxin”) has undertaken to evaluate the internal control over financial reporting of the ABC Chemical Industry Co.Ltd (the “Company”) up until December 31,2008 as presented in the accompanying assessment report produced by its management in accordance with the China’s Basic Standard For Enterprise Internal Control promulgated by the ministry of Finance, and the Stock Exchange Guidelines on the Internal Control of Listed Companies. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Daxin is responsible for giving an opinion on the management’s assessment of Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

我们按照《中国注册会计师其他鉴证业务准则第3101号一历史财务信息审计或审阅以外的鉴证业务》的规定执行了鉴证业务。上述规定要求我们计划和实施鉴证工作，以对鉴证对象信息是否不存在重大错报获取合理保证。在鉴证过程中，我们实施了包括了解、测试和评价内部控制系统设计的合理性和执行的有效性，以及我们认为必要的其他程序。我们相信，我们的鉴证工作为发表意见提供了合理的基础。

Daxin performed the evaluation in accordance with the China Standard on Other Assurance Engagements No.3101--Assurance Engagements Other than Audits Or Reviews Of Historical Financial Information. As required by these standards, we designed and implemented the review to obtain resonable assurance that the reported information is free of material misstatements. We looked into, tasted and assessed the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performed such other procedures as we deemed necessary. We believe the process has provided us with reasonable grounds to give a professional opinion.

内部控制具有固有限制，存在由于错误或舞弊而导致错报发生和未被发现的可能性。此外，由于情况的变化可能导致内部控制变得不恰当，或降低对控制政策、程序遵循的程度，根据内部控制评价结果推測未来内部控制有效性具有一定的风险。

Internal controls have inherent limitations: errors or fraud in reporting may lead to misstatements that can go undetected; changing conditions may also weaken their adequacy, or lower the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures. There is therefore a certain degree of risk in predicting their future effectiveness based on the assessment results.

我们认为，贵公司管理层按照财政部颁布的《内部控制基本规范》和证券交易所上市公司内部控制指引于2008年12月31日在所有重大方面保持了与財务报表相关的有效的内部控制。

Daxin is of the opinion that the management of he Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting up until December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in the Basic Standard for Enterprise Internal Control promulgated by the Ministry of Finance, and the Stock Exchange Guidelines on the Internal Control of Listed Companies.

本报告仅为针对贵公司2008年度年审而出具，不得用作任何其他用途。

This report is only valid for the audit of 2008, and may not be used for any other purpose.

大信会计师事务有限公司中国注册会计师：李文

中国.北京中国注册会计师：陈景泰

2009年4月7日

Daxin Certified Public Accountants                                China Certified Public Accounts:

Li Wen

Chen Jingtai

Beijing, China

April 7,2009

第十一单元欧委会对华反倾销措施磋商致辞

欧委会对来自中国的某些钢铁紧固件的最终反倾销措施案（DS397）磋商中方致辞

Remarks by the Chinese Side at Consultations on European Commission Case DS 397 on Definitive Auti-Dumping Measures on Chinese Iron or Steel Fasteners

下午好！

Good Afternoon!

首先，我谨代表中国政府，对欧方同意与中方举行今天的磋商表示感谢。据我的同事介绍，中欧双方在确定此次磋商时间和进行磋商前的准备工作方面进行了良好的沟通，欧方充分体现了灵活和务实的精神。我相信，这为我们此次磋商奠定了非常好的基础。我对此表示感谢。

Allow me, first of all, to express on behalf of the Chinese government, my appreciation to the European Commission for agreeing to this consultation today. My colleagues tell me that the talks over the scheduling and preparations for this meeting have gone smoothly, and that the Commission has been both flexible and pragmatic. I am sure this has laid a sound basis for today, and I thank you very much.

2009年7月31日，中国政府通过常驻WTO代表团致函欧方，就欧方对源自中国的钢铁紧固件采取的反倾销措施提起WTO争端解决机制下的磋商请求。对于中方的这一法律行动，我想表明以下两点：

On July 31, 2009, the Chinese government wrote to the European Commission through China’s Permanent Mission to the WTO, requesting consultations under the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism on the imposition of antidumping measures on Chinese steel fasteners by the EU. I wish to state the following two points on this legal action.

首先，正如欧方所知，此案是中国加入世贸组织以来，对欧盟第一次启动WTO争端解决程序。中国政府一贯重视中欧经贸关系，主张通过双边对话觯决争议和分歧。但是，欧方频繁对华输欧产品发起反倾销调査，更裁定对来自中国的紧固件产品征收高额反倾销税。中方认为，欧方在该案的立案、调查和裁决过程中存在诸多与WTO规则不符之处，违反了欧盟在WTO项下应承担的义务；我决结果缺乏公正性和透明度，损害了 1700余家中国紧固件企业的正当贸易利益。中国政府和业界对此强烈不满，多次在不同场合阐明中方立场和关注，但是，双边对话始终没有解决中方的关注。中方认为，中方就紧固件案提起WTO争端解决项下的磋商请求，是中方的正当权利，也是成熟的贸易伙伴之间常常选择的解决争议的一种方式。

First, the Commission is aware that this is the first time since its accession to the WTO that China has filed a complaint against the EU. Economist and trade relations between China and the EU have always been very important to us, and we have advocated bilateral dialogue to resolve disputes and differences. However, the EU has repeatedly launched antidumping investigations into Chinese exports to the Union, and has now imposed high antidumping tariffs on steel fasteners from China. We believe that many WTO rules were not followed when the case was filed, investigated and decided, and that the EU has thus not fulfilled its obligations under the WTO. The final decision lacks fairness and transparency, and harms the legitimate trading interests of 1,700 Chinese steel fastener producers. The Chinese government and the fastener industry have expressed strong dissatisfaction and stated their position on numerous occasions; however, their concerns have not been resolved through bilateral talks. We believe that initiating consultations under the dispute settlement mechanism is our legitimate right, and that this is also common practice when mature trading partners have disputes.

其次，自1979年欧方对华发起第一起反倾销调査至今30年时间里，欧方共对华发起140余起反倾销调查，是对华发起反倾销调查最多的WTO成员之一。尤其是近两年，全球都面临金融危机的艰难时期，中欧本应携手应对金融危机，共同反对贸易保护主义，但是，欧方却频频对华发起反倾销调查。中方坚决反对任何滥用反倾销规则、助长贸易保护主义的做法我们希望欧方能够重视中方的强烈关注，并在WTO争端解决项下妥善解决问题。

Second, since the EU launched the first antidumping case against China in 1979, it has opened 140 cases against China over the past 30 years, making it one of the most frequent users of such measures against China. In the last two years especially, the EU has chosen to launch a number of investigations against China, at a time when the world has been wrestling with the financial crisis and the two sides should be working together to deal with the crisis and resist protectionism instead. We firmly oppose any abuse of antidumping rules to further trade protectionism. We very much hope the Commission wil take our concerns seriously and resolves this issue under the dispute settlement mechanism.

我建议此次磋商围绕中方向欧方提交的问题单逐项进行。中方希望通过协商，欧方能够尽可能澄清有关措施的一些细节。同时，中方希望双方通过此次磋商，解决中方关注。

I propose that today we focus on the list of questions tabled by the Chinese side, and discuss them one by one. We hope that you will provide clarification on certain details in the measures, and that our concerns will be addressed.

谢谢！

Thank you.

第十二单元旅游休闲胜地介绍

荣昌——渝西川东结合部旅游休闲圣地

Rongchang: A scenic resort in western Chongqing

荣昌位于重庆市西部，地处渝西川东结合部，距重庆市区88.5公里，距成都市区246公里，成渝高速公路、成渝铁路穿境而过。

Rongchang is a country situated in the west of Chongqing Municipality bordering eastern Sichuan province. It is 88.5 km from the urban area of Chongqing and 246 km from the city of Chengdu, capital of the Sichuan. The place is accessible by the Chongqing-Chengdu freeway and railway running through it.

荣昌历史悠久，自唐肃宗乾元2年（公元759年）设县至今，已有1300多年。荣昌地理环境优越，自然风光秀丽。古人盛赞“山环绕而蜿蜒，地宽广而爽垲”，“群峰秀拔，二水纡回”，雅称“海棠香国”。

Rongchang has a history of 1,300 years, dating back to 759 when the county was first established in the Tang dynasty. It is situated in a hilly area of striking natural beauty, described admiringly by the ancients as“an open country with pleasantly dry weather”, with “two rivers winding between lofty peaks”. It is also known as the Land of Begonias.

荣昌旅游资源丰富，其中荣昌县城为国家级文明县城、省级卫生县城；城区鸟语花香，绿树成荫，环境优美；濑溪河、池水河如练环绕，岸堤垂柳依依；星罗棋布的各型休闲广场、林立的现代高楼、众多的桥梁、古寺、古塔、古教堂，以及羊肉汤、卤鹅肉、黄凉粉、铺盖面、烤乳猪等美景、美食，是人们不可多得的旅游休闲圣地。

There are many places of interest in Rongchang. The country town itself has won national and provincial designations for its good administration and clean environment. There are many trees and flowers, and it is dotted with recreational spaces and modern buildings; the banks of the winding Laixi and Chishui Rivers are lined with weeping willows and criss-crossed by many bridges that take visitors to ancient temples, pagodas, and a catholic church. The food too is delicious: mutton soup, stewed five-spice goose, cold pea jelly strips, roast suckling pig, wide noodles in savory broth. Beautiful scenery and excellent food make this a special place to visit for both fun and rest.

第十三单元酒与演唱会

交响音乐会：交响音乐会是所有演出中的重头戏，既是最值得期待的、关于激情和感动的音乐盛宴，也是世界各国展现职业音乐教育水准的最高平台，是各种类型交响乐表演团体和教育机构之间交流、切磋的绝佳场合。

Symphony Concert: the symphony concerts will be much-anticipated musical feasts. Symphonic music, with its passion and capacity to move audiences, is also the best showcase for a country’s level of professional musical education. The concert provides a prefect occasion for the orchestras and teaching institutions to meet and get to know each other.

民族音乐会：本次盛会鼓励不同民族和文化之间的交流和碰撞，其主要途径之一就通过多场民族音乐会来呈现各种民族特有的丰富多彩的音乐形式，相信这将既是一场视听盛宴，也是各国展示本民族音乐教育水平的最好舞台。

Folk Music Concert: the concert encourages different cultures and peoples to meet and mingle. Folk music from around the world, with its diverse forms and content, will display many rich ethic and national features, and the performances will demonstrate the levels of musical education in each country.

市民专场音乐会：音乐属于所有人，每个人的灵魂深处都有爱音乐的种子，每个人都有表演和被欣赏的渴望。市民音乐会给所有人这样一个开放的舞台，一个聆听别人的同时也展示自己的机会。让音乐走进社区，让音乐融入我们的生活，让音乐抚慰人们的心灵。

Citizens’ Concert: music belongs to everyone. Deep in each person’s heart is a love of music, a desire to perform and be appreciated. A citizens’ concert will provide this opportunity to hear others and to display one’s own skills. Music will enter our communities and daily lives, providing pleasure and comfort to young and old.

儿童音乐会：本届世界音乐教育大会的儿童音乐会将成为孩子们童年里的金色乐章。它是一个辉煌的舞台，让小朋友们实现自己登台演出的小小梦想；它是一个大课堂，带孩子们走进美妙的音乐殿堂；它更是一个欢乐的盛宴，激发出小朋友们最快乐的笑声。期待世界各地的小朋友们能相约北京，一起徜徉在音乐的世界肀，享受一份独特的童年乐趣。

Children’s Concert: this will be a memorable event for all young participants. It will be a wonderful occasion for the little musicians to display their talent, learn from each other and enjoy the immense pleasure of making music together. We look forward to youngsters from all over the world performing in Beijing and having a very special childhood experience.

露天音乐会：这是一场全民总动员的音乐盛典，这是一个演员观众不分你我，同为音乐而狂的激情之夜。在此次世界音乐教育大会的露天音乐会中，我们将以音乐普及教育为主题，以全民参与互动为宗旨，全力打造一个演员与观众融为一体的大舞台。开放的空间，天然的景色，四处洋溢着自由的气息。在这里，没有高高在上的表演者，也没有被动欣赏的观众，而唯有音乐才是真正的主角。演员为音乐而狂，在舞台上极尽所能；观众为音乐而狂，在舞台下全情投入。宏厚的歌声散发着激情，狂野的鼓点震撼着心灵。音乐的天使将在这里展开翅膀，而世界也将从此爱上音乐。

Open Air Concert: this will be a huge outdoor celebration of music. Inspired by the theme of music education for all, we will set up an outdoor stage in natural surroundings where everyone can relax and enjoy the music, where musicians and audiences can interact without inhibition. The vocals will stir the heart, and wild drumbeats set the pulse racing.

室内音乐会：金碧辉煌的演奏大厅，古韵流芳的经典名曲，浑厚细腻的音响效果，古典精致抑或现代风尚，相信无论是演奏者，还是倾听着，都已为之陶醉。室内音乐会面向即将或已经开始音乐生涯的莘莘学子以及广大乐界人士，旨在为他们提供一个现场学习的机会，聆听大师娴熟的演奏，观摩大师精妙的演奏技巧，感悟大师演出的真情，一睹大师风采，从而让我们的音乐人才更加丰厚，令我们的音乐世界更加精彩。

Chamber Music Concert: this is planned for music lovers and for musicians who are about to launch or have just launched their professional careers. In tasteful surroundings with fine acoustics, the masters will perform gems of the classical and modern repertoires, and audiences can appreciate up——close the finer points of their technique and interpretation. Such models will greatly enrich budding young talents.

合唱音乐会：这是一场高雅艺术的盛宴，是演奏者与听众们之间思想与情感的对话，而音乐是唯一的语言。闭上眼睛，让心灵插上想象的翅膀，自由翱翔在音乐的天堂。歌声时而高亢激昂，如同汹涌澎湃的大海；时而温馨而安谧，仿佛潺孱流动的小溪。而听众心里也时而激动，时而平静。不同的声音，却如此协调得如此统一，宛如天籟之音。音乐洗涤了灵魂，这个夜晚将变得无比闲适而完美。

Choral Concert: though sung in different languages, the choral works will speak eloquently through their melodies and harmonies. Audiences will marvel at the stirring unisons and the soft, angelic part-singing that will transport them to another world.

中国民族音乐会：本届世界音乐教育大会的中国民族音乐会旨在展示中华民族悠远而独特的民族音乐文化的神韵。艺术家们用他们精湛的技巧和深厚的功底将完美地再现中华民族深厚的历史文化底蕴，表达中华民族的情感、幻想和追求。高山流水的清幽，阳春白雪的高雅，中国民族音乐将引领着人们回归大自然，回归内心，体味天人合一的境界。

Concert of Traditional Chinese Music: this will provide an opportunity to fully showcase the ancient and unique musical cultures of China. Skilled performers will demonstrate the breadth and depth of traditional Chinese music, giving expression to the feelings, dreams and aspirations of countless generations. Pieces that vividly portray the beauty of nature also touch the soul, and give form to the Chinese concept of the oneness of Nature and Man.

爵士音乐会：本场爵士音乐会是这次所有演出的压轴戏。活力四射的艺术家用经典和时尚演绎活泼奔放的音乐，诠释热烈多姿的生命，激发丰富多彩的想象。光彩夺目的舞台，轻松欢快的节奏，激情洋溢的音乐，无疑给听众提供了一场精彩纷呈的视听盛宴。美妙的音符相互碰撞出灵感和创造的火花，激活了音乐世界的一派生机。

Jazz Concert: This will be the final crowing event of the concerts. Energetic and lively artists will perform classic and modern works on a stage with dazzling lighting effects. Drawn from life, the exciting rhythms and beats, imaginative harmonies and melodies will be a feast for the ears and beats, imaginative harmonies and melodies will inject new life into the world of jazz.

(这是2010年国际音乐教育大会的音乐会介绍）

第十四单元公司印章管理制度

XXX有限公司印章管理制度

Seal Management Rules of XYZ Co.Ltd.

[if !supportLists]1. [endif]目的Purpose

建立印章管理制度，确保XXX有限公司能有效管理公司的各类印章。

These rules are to ensure that seals of XYZ Co.Ltd. are properly managed.

[if !supportLists]2. [endif]范围Scope

印章的管理涉及范畴：刻印、使用、废止、更换。

Management of seals covers their creation, use, cancellation and replacement.

[if !supportLists]3. [endif]定义Definition

公司印章主要指：公章、法人私章、合同章、财务章等各职能部门章。

Company seals include the corporate seal, legal representative’s seal, contract seal, finance seal, as well as seals of other functional departments.

[if !supportLists]4. [endif]各类印章的具体管理条例Rules

[if !supportLists]4.1 [endif]刻印Creation

4. 1.1公司基本印章（公章、合同章、法人私章、财务章）的刻制,应由指定的印章管理人员负责刻制，由财务部备案，并从刻制之日起执行 相关使用条例。

The main seals (corporate, legal representative’s, contract and finance) shall be created under the responsibility of the designated custodian, registered with the Finance Department, and subject to relevant rules on usage starting from the date of creation.

4. 1.2因业务发展需要申请各职能部门专用章时，由需求部门填写《印章制发申请表》经部门经理核准后送交人事部门刻制。

A functional department in need of a dedicated seal shall fill in the“Application From for Creation of a Seal ,” and upon approval of the department manager, submit the form to the Personal Department, which will the have the seal made.

[if !supportLists]4.2 [endif]使用Usage

4.2. 1公章、合同章、法人私章、财务章均由财务总监保管。各部门 有需盖公章的文件、通知等，须先到財务部填写《印章使用申请表》，经 財务总监核准后方可盖章。

The corporate, contract, legal representative and finance seals shall be kept in the custody of the controller. For their use on documents or notices, the relevant department shall fill in and submit the“Application Form for Use of Seal” to the Controller for approval.

4.2.2其他职能部门章：其他职能部门章，主要适用于各部门内部使用，已经刻制的部门章，需由部门负责人进行保管并严格该章的使用办法。

Seals of other functional departments are mainly for use within the department. Such seals shall be kept in the custody of the department heads and be used in strict compliance with the rules.

[if !supportLists]4.3 [endif]废止、更换Cancellation and replacement

4.3.1废止或缴销的印章应由保管人员填写《废止申请单》，并呈部 门经理核准后交由人事部统一废止或缴销。

To cancel or revoke a seal, the custodian shall fill in the“Application From for Seal Cancellation” and, upon approval by the department head concerned, hand over the seal to the Personal Department.

4.3.2遗失印章时应由印幸保管人员填写 <废止申请单>，并报部门经理核准后，签批遗失处理办法后，交由人事部按批示处理。

In case of loss of a seal, the custodian must fill out the“Application From for Seal Cancellation”, report the loss to the department head for verification and instruction on follow-up measures, and submit the matter to the Personal Department.

4.3.3更换印章时应由印章保管人员依公司文件填写《废止申请单》，并呈部门经理核准交由人事部按批示处理。

To replace a seal, the custodian shall fill out the“Application From for Seal Cancellation”, obtain approval by the department head, and submit it to the Personnel Department for disposition according to the department head’s instructions.

[if !supportLists]5. [endif]印章保管人的责权范畴Duties of the Custodian

印章保管人对印章具有独立使用权力，同时负管理责任。

The custodian has full authority to use and control the use of the seal.

5.1所有印章的使用，必须严格执行公司的公章使用章程，做好申请和使用登记。公司印章只适用于与公司相关业务，不得从事有损公司利益之行为。

Uses of all seals must strictly comply with rules on usage. Requests for use and actual use must be logged. The seals may only be used for company business. Any use detrimental to the company’s interests is forbidden.

5.2印章使用申请人及管理负责人要严格按照上述规定申请使用印章，如出现问题，后果自负。给公司造成重大损失的，公司将依法追究其法律责任。

Users and custodians of seals shall strictly follow the above rules. If problems arise because of laxness, the persons involved will bear the consequences. In case of severe losses, the company will take legal action against the persons concerned.

第十五单元预防未成年人犯罪条例

广东省预防未成年人犯罪条例

Regulations of Guangdong Province on Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency

广东省第十届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议于2006年12月1日通过，自2007年1月1日起施行

Adopted December 1, 2006 at the 28th Meeting of the Standing Committee, 10thPeople’s Congress of Guangdong Province Effective Jannuary 1, 2007

第十三条学校、父母或者其他监护人应当指导未成年人正确使用互联网，拒绝不良的网络游戏产品和网络信息。已配置校内网络设施的学校应当配备上网辅导员，并采用安全过滤等技术防止未成年人接触有害信息。有条件的，应当在课外向未成年人开放校内网络设施。

Article 13 Schools, parents or guardians should guide minors in the proper use of the internet, so that they resist unhealthy online games and content. Schools with internet access should provide internet instructors, and install filters to prevent minors from accessing harmful content. When possible, school internet facilities should be available after class hours.

第十四条学校应当成立家长委员会，健全学校与家长联系的制度,及时反映和了解未成年人的情况，指导、帮助未成年人的父母或者其他监 护人学习科学的家庭教育方法。

Article 14 Schools should set up Parent Committees to increase contacts between teachers and parents, so as to better know what students are doing. Schools should guide and assist parents and guardians in methods of good family upbringing.

第十五条父母或者其他监护人应当经常与受其监护的未成年人进行思想交流，引导未成年人养成良好的行为习惯，鼓励、支持未成年人参加各种有益身心健康的活动；教育未成年人不得进入互联网上网服务营业场所、营业性歌舞娱乐场所等不适宜未成年人进入的场所，不得阅读、观看、收听不适宜未成年人的出版物、视听节目等。

Article 15 Parents and guardians should frequently talk to the minors in their care, teach them good behaviour and habits, encourages and support them in all healthy mental and physical activities; tell them to stay away from internet cafes, music and dance halls, and other places unsuitable to minors; and keep them from accessing print or audio-visual material not suited to their age-group.

第十六条父母或者其他监护人离开未成年人外出务工的，或者未成年人离开父母或者其他监护人到异地上学、生活、工作的，父母或者其他监护人不得放任不管、不履行监护职责。

Article 16 When parents or guardians must leave the minors in their care in order to seek work elsewhere, or the minors must leave their parents or guardians to study, live or work elsewhere, the parents or guardians should not disregard their responsibilities or neglect their charges.

父母或者其他监护人不得强迫、放任未成年人辍学务工、务农、经商、卖艺、乞讨，或者从事违法活动。

Parents or guardians may not force or permit minors in their care to drop out of school in order to take on farm or factory work, get into trade, become street performers, beggars or engage in illegal activities.

第十六单元人民检察院办理未成年人刑事案件的规定

人民检察院办理未成年人刑事案件的规定

Provisions on the Handling of Juvenile Criminal Cases by the People’s Procuratorates

(2006年12月28日最高人民检察院第十届检察委员会第六十八次会议通过）

(Adopted on December 28th 2006, at the 68th Meeting of the 10th Prosecutorial committee of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate)

第十二条人民检察院审查批准逮捕未成年犯罪嫌疑人，应当根据未成年犯罪嫌疑人涉嫌犯罪的事实、主观恶性、有无监护与社会帮教条件等，综合衡量其社会危险性，确定是否有逮捕必要，慎用逮捕措施，可捕可不捕的不捕。

Article 12

When considering whether or not to authorize the arrest (daibu) of a juvenile suspected of a criminal offence, the people’s procuratorate should assess the suspect’s overall risk to society based on the facts of the suspected offence, the degree of malicious intent of the suspect, and the availability of guardianship or other community rehabilitation services. Arrest should be used with caution and avoided if possible.

第十三条对于罪行较轻，具备有效监护条件或者社会带教措施，没有社会危险性或者社会危险性较小，不会妨害诉讼正常进行的未成年犯罪嫌疑人，一般不予批准逮捕。

Article 13

An arrest should generally not be authorized for juvenile offenders charged with minor offences who have guardians or access to community rehabilitation, who pose little or no danger to society, and who will not obstruct the normal legal process.

对于罪行比较严重，但主观恶性不大，有悔罪表现，具备有效监护条件或者社会帮教措施，不具有社会危险性，不会妨害诉讼正常进行，并具有下列情形之一的未成年犯罪嫌疑人，也可以依法不予批准逮捕：

A juvenile offender who has committed a more serious offence may also be spared arrest if the offender bears little malicious intent, shows repentance, and has access to guardianship or community rehabilitation; if the offender poses no danger to society and will not obstruct the legal process; and if the offender:

[if !supportLists](一） [endif]初次犯罪、过失犯罪的；

is a first-time or negligent offender;

[if !supportLists](二） [endif]犯罪预备、中止、未遂的；

is still preparing a crime, has voluntarily abandoned a crime, or has attempted but failed to complete a crime;

[if !supportLists](三） [endif]有自首或者立功表现的；

has voluntarily surrendered to, or cooperated with the police;

[if !supportLists](四） [endif]犯罪后能够如实交待罪行，认识自己行为的危害性、违法性,积极退赃，尽力减少和赔偿损失，得到被害人谅解的；

has honestly confessed to the offence, recognized its illegality and harm, voluntarily returned unlawful gains, tried to reduce or compensate for losses, and received forgiveness from the victim;

[if !supportLists](五） [endif]不是共同犯罪的主犯或者集团犯罪中的首要分子的；

is not the principal perpetrator of a jointly committed offence, or is not the criminal gang leader;

[if !supportLists](六） [endif]属于已满十四周岁不满十六周岁的未成年人或者系在校学生的；

is over 14 years but under 16 years old, or is a registered student; or

(七） 其他没有逮捕必要的情形。

is affected by other circumstances that do not warrant an arrest.

第十七单元国庆节回家（随笔）

国庆节回家，那个黄河边上的乡村，开小汽车的乡亲开始多见，虽然他们穿衣打扮还没有太多的改变，但当我看到他们开上价值20多万的汽车时，我很是欣喜。

Over the national day holiday, I went back to my village on the bank of the yellow river. I noticed that though villagers still dressed the same way as before, many of them now drove cars, some even as costly as 200 thousand yuan. This made me very happy.

但欣喜似乎很快止于一次街头的聊天，乡亲告诉了我这里发生的两件事。首先是旁边村子里一个人被同村的三兄弟杀死在家中，事情起源于土地租赁，因为租金高低的纠纷，欲强租土地的人找人把不愿意接受租金价位的人打了，还发出狠话，打死也就是几万块钱的事，于是被打的一方三兄弟联合起来，有了这一命案，四个家庭随之破碎。还有一个发生在我们村里，收割玉米的乡亲欲从邻居家地上开车通过，邻居老太太心疼庄稼不许，争吵中躺在自家田头说：要过，就从身上轧过。于是车轰鸣着，轧过老人，陪了几万块私了。

However, my mood changed after a roadside chat, when I heard about a couple of incidents that had taken place here. The first occurred in a neighbouring village where a man was killed over a land lease disagreement. It seems the man wanted to rent the land but could not agree on a price with the owner, and so had him beaten up, even threatening to kill him, saying it would only cost some tens of thousands in compensation anyway. At that, the owner and his two brothers got together and murdered the first man in his home. The case resulted in four devastated families. The other incident occurred in my own village. A farmer wanted to drive his reaper through his neighbor's field to harvest his corn. The neighbour, an elderly woman, was determined to protect her own crop, and refused to let him pass. They got into an argument, and finally the women lay down on her land, saying,"over my dead body!" The farmer promptly revved his machine and drove over her. The case was settled out court with payment of several tens of thousands of yuan.

儿时的乡村，是可以夜不闭户的。放学回家，有时家中无人，邻居大婶总是招呼到他们家，坐在饭桌前，一切都是那么自然。农忙时，家里农活忙碌，邀邻居来帮，只需吃顿简单的饭，聊聊天。现在这里，生活的认知和价值观已经发生了很大的改变。我们都知道，国家在大力发展农村经济，我也期待家乡环境的改善，也相信很快就会有大的变化，但乡村的这些事也让我思考，我们是否应该在文化价值观方面，做出相应的指点和引导呢。

When I was a child, we could leave our doors unlocked at night. If there was no one home when I came back from school, the aunt next door would call me over and we would have supper together. It all seemed quite natural. During the busy season, people would ask their neighbours to help out in the fields and afterwards everyone was happy with a simple meal and a good chat. Today, however, people have a very different way of looking at life and their values have also changed. The government is vigorously developing the rural economy, and I too expect improvements in my village. I know there will soon be many changes, yet after hearing about these incidents, I can not help thinking that there should also be more guidance and education on social values and norms of behaviour.

第十八单元济南的冬天（散文）

Winter in Ji’nan

Lao She

对于一个在北平住惯的人，像我，冬天要是不刮风，便觉得是奇迹；济南的冬天是没有风声的。对于一个刚由伦敦回来的人，像我，冬天要能看得见日光，便觉得是怪事；济南的冬天是响晴的。自然，在热带的地方，日光是永远那么毒，响亮的天气，反有点叫人害怕。可是，在北中国的冬天，而能有温晴的天气，济南真得算个宝地。

For some one like me who is used to living in Beiping, a winter without any wind is a bit of miracle. Well, one never hears any whistling winter winds in Ji'nan. For someone like me who has just returned from London, sunshine in the winter seems quite unusual. Well, Ji'nan has bright sunny winter weather. I well know that in the tropics, the blazing sun and the perpetual harsh glare can be intimidating, but here in north china, to have a mild sunny winter is a boon that makes Ji'nan a very special place indeed

设若单单是有阳光，那也算不了出奇。请闭上眼睛想：一个老城，有山有水，全在天底下晒着阳光，暖和安适地睡着，只等春风来把它们唤醒，这是不是个理想的境界？

But there is more than just sunshine. Close your eyes and picture to yourself: an ancient town, with hills and lakes, dozing in sunlight, warm and comfortable, waiting for the spring breezes to blow it awake. Doesn't that sound idyllic? 

小山整把济南围了个圈儿，只有北边缺着点口儿。这一圈小山在冬天特别可爱，好像是把济南放在一个小摇篮里，它们安静不动地低声地说：“你们放心吧，这儿准保暖和。”真的，济南的人们在冬天是面上含笑的。他们一看那些小山，心中便觉得有了着落，有了依靠。他们由天上看到山上，便不知不觉地想起：“明天也许就是春天了吧？这样的温暖，今天夜里山草也许就绿起来了吧？”就是这点幻想不能一时实现，他们也并不着急，因为这样慈善的冬天，干啥还希望别的呢！

Low hills practically encircle Ji'nan, leaving just one small dip on the north side. In the winter, they are especially endearing, as if cradling the town and murmuring to it, "don't worry, it's warm and safe here" and it's fact that people of Ji'nan seem to smile throughout the cold season. All they have to do is see those hills to feel secure and protected. Looking up at the sky and at their surroundings, they say to themselves, "Maybe spring will come tomorrow. Maybe tonight it is so mild the grass on the hills will sprout." And even if this just wishful thinking, they do not really mind, because with this kindly winter why ask for more.

最妙的是下点小雪呀。看吧，山上的矮松越发的青黑，树尖上顶着一髻儿白花，好像日本看护妇。山尖全白了，给蓝天镶上一道银边。山坡上，有的地方雪厚点，有的地方草色还露着，这样，一道儿白，一道儿暗黄，给山们穿上一件带水纹的花衣；看着看着，这件花衣好像被风儿吹动，叫你希望看见一点更美的山的肌肤。等到快日落的时候，微黄的阳光斜射在山腰上，那点薄雪好像忽然害了羞，微微露出点粉色。就是下小雪吧，济南是受不住大雪的，那些小山太秀气！

A light snow makes the scene even prettier. Look at the short dark pine trees crowned with white nurse caps. Or the line of white etching the hilltops like a silver hemline on the azure sky. Or the hillsides, unevenly dusted with the dry grass showing through in places, so the slopes seem clothed in a wavy pattern of tan an white stripes. As one gazes, these seem to shift the breeze as if baring the hill for a better look at its lovely shape. As the sun sets, the golden rays slant on to the light snow that suddenly blushes a shy pink. Just a light snowfall, please, those low hills are really too delicate for anything heavier.

古老的济南，城里那么狭窄，城外又那么宽敞，山坡上卧着些小村庄，小村庄的房顶上卧着点雪，对，这是张小水墨画，也许是唐代的名手画的吧。

Ji'nan is an ancient town with cramped and narrow streets, but surrounded by wide open spaces. Villages dot the slopes, their cottage roofs dusted with snow. Oh yes, the scene definitely looks like a traditional ink and wash painting, and probably one by a Tang dynasty master too.

那水呢，不但不结冰，倒反在绿萍上冒着点热气，水藻真绿，把终年贮蓄的绿色全拿出来了。天儿越晴，水藻越绿，就凭这些绿的精神，水也不忍得冻上，况且那些长枝的垂柳还要在水里照个影儿呢！看吧，由澄清的河水慢慢往上看吧，空中，半空中，天上，自上而下全是那么清亮，那么蓝汪汪的，整个的是块空灵的蓝水晶。这块水晶里，包着红屋顶，黄草山，像地毯上的小团花的灰色树影。这就是冬天的济南。

As for the springs and ponds, they don't freeze over, but even give off wisps of warm vapour. The water weeds remain bright green as if shown the greener they glow. That alone must prevent the water from freezing over, not to mention all those weeping willows that wish to see their reflections! As you raise your eyes slowly from the transparent depths and look up to the sky, everything is so clear and bright and blue, like a giant block of crystal in which are encased red roofs, tan hills and little gray copses like the design on carpet. This is Ji'nan in the winter.